Examine the key policy changes in Singapore's education and examinations in response to the challenges of a rapidly changing and globalising world

Monetary Policy Committees and Central Bank Communication

Crafting Consensus ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190499488.003.0002 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 19-44

Author(s):

Nicole Baerg

Keyword(s):

Central Bank ◽

Size Composition ◽

Central Banks ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Inflation Expectations ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Central Bank Communication ◽

Central Bank Transparency ◽

Key Policy

This chapter starts by tracing trends in central bank transparency. It reports key policy changes by some of the world’s most important central banks: the FOMC, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England, and the Bank of Japan. The second section reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on central bank design, paying close attention to the role of committee size, composition, and decision-making protocol, and classifies central banks around the world according to these features. The third section outlines the aim of central bank communications: to broadcast news and to reduce noise. The author argues that while previous literature has examined both committee design and central bank communications, it has done so in isolation. By putting these two topics together, the chapter argues that we can better understand, first, how different types of committees may be better at communicating and, second, how communication affects households’ inflation expectations and inflation.

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Economic analysis of deforestation in Mexico

Environment and Development Economics ◽

10.1017/s1355770x00000590 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 203-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Edward B. Barbier ◽

Joanne C. Burgess

Keyword(s):

Free Trade Agreement ◽

State Level ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

Forest Land ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The North ◽

Key Policy ◽

Beef Prices ◽

Sectoral Policy

ABSTRACTThis paper uses panel analyses to estimate relationships for agricultural planted area and beef cattle numbers at the state level in Mexico during the period 1970–85, in order to determine the main factors affecting forest land conversion. Of the key policy variables, maize and fertilizer prices appear to be the main influences on the expansion of planted area, whereas beef prices and credit disbursement influence cattle numbers. Population growth also affects both livestock and agricultural activities, and income per capita is positively correlated with cattle expansion. These estimated relationships are used to examine the effects both of agricultural and livestock sectoral policy changes and of trade liberalization in Mexico resulting from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). To avoid any unintended impacts of NAFTA on deforestation, it may be necessary for Mexico to make complementary investments in land improvements, especially for existing cultivation on rainfed land.

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Educator Insights: The Policy Gap in International Marketing

Journal of International Marketing ◽

10.1509/jimk.8.1.99.19562 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 99-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Michael R. Czinkota

Keyword(s):

International Marketing ◽

Marketing Research ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Research Strategies ◽

Marketing Practice ◽

Policy Issues ◽

Policy Orientation ◽

Key Policy

In the light of the growing importance of policy for international marketing practice, the author makes a case for an increase in policy-oriented international marketing work in academia by presenting some key policy issues and developing international marketing research dimensions associated with these issues. The author makes suggestions for the structuring of research strategies that are responsive to policy changes and offers some thoughts on how researchers can influence and shape policy with their research insights. The author makes recommendations that might help increase the policy orientation of international marketing academics.

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Children Australia: A proud past and an exciting future

Children Australia ◽

10.1017/s1035077200001218 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 4-4

Author(s):

Tony Pitman

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Economic Change ◽

Quarterly Journal ◽

Family Welfare ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Australian Child ◽

Government Sector ◽

Key Policy ◽

New Challenges

Children Australia is entering a new and exciting era in its development. After some 35 years as an academic and practice-oriented publication, the Journal is now set to continue this tradition, but also to broaden its scope in response to the increasing complexity of working with children, young people and their families and carers.Over nearly four decades, we have enjoyed the support of a number of organisations, key activists in the field and practitioners. Established in 1976 under the title of Australian Child and Family Welfare, the Journal was published by the Children's Welfare Association in Victoria as the quarterly journal of the Child and Family Welfare Council of Australia and funded by the Children's Welfare Foundation. Publication of the journal coincided with a number of key policy changes through the 1970s, and in 1979, during the International Year of the Child, it addressed a range of themes that were paramount in the minds of academics and practitioners both in Australia and overseas. The 1980s saw new challenges in the sector, computerisation, the amalgamations of a range of children's agencies, and devolution of services from government in to the non-Government sector, together with major economic change. By the late 1980s, Australia was in recession and many in the sector were facing major organisational changes, particularly in Victoria under the Kennett government.

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Interactions with Low Wages: The Australian Approach to Work Benefits

Labour Employment and Work in New Zealand ◽

10.26686/lew.v0i0.1669 ◽

1970 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Wilkin ◽

Jocelyn Pech

Keyword(s):

Financial Incentives ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Full Time ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Income Transfers ◽

The Past ◽

Key Policy ◽

Wage Earners ◽

Families With Children ◽

Low Wages

It is not always well understood that Australia has a comprehensive set of social security arrangements with the potential to significantly supplement low wages, especially for families with children. These provisions have evolved over a long period, beginning with the introduction of child endowment in the 19-10s. During the past twenty-five years, the coverage of income transfers as a supplement to earnings has been significantly expanded, such that it now provides support for partners as well as for children and, in some cases. for low-paid full-time workers themselves. The Australian approach differs in a number of ways from approaches typically taken in other countries. This paper outlines how the Australian system of wage supplementation has evolved over the last century. It charts the evolving relationships between the income support system and minimum wages and highlights the influence of key policy changes on those relationships and the consequent financial incentives to take low-paid work. In conclusion, the paper reports recent evidence from the OECD which finds that Australia and New Zealand are among a small group of countries that consistently provide higher relative incomes for low-wage earners than comparable arrangements in most other developed countries.

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Homelessness and COVID-19

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement ◽

10.5703/1288284317421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 120-127

Author(s):

Justin MacNeill ◽

◽

Alexa Lahey ◽

Nina Teo

Keyword(s):

Policy Changes ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Public Health Crisis ◽

Department Of Health ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Organizational Partnerships ◽

Additional Strain ◽

Building Community ◽

Key Policy

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the struggle of people experiencing homelessness (PEH) and presented new challenges to those serving this vulnerable population. To better understand and articulate how COVID has impacted both PEH and their ecosystem of support, we compared the national response - aggregated via a literature review of both gray and academic literature - to the statewide response in Indiana and the local response in Tippecanoe County. Local homelessness providers emphasized that organizational partnerships are key - policy changes in one organization can have malignant effect extending throughout and putting additional strain on other organizations within the local homelessness ecosystem Moreover, building community awareness and engagement with organizations serving PEH during normal times can have beneficial effects in times of crisis - calls to the community for help may prove to be more fruitful if they are to existing contacts and not de facto cold calls. Considering the problems elucidated by various homeless providers, certain governmental policies and provisions native to Tippecanoe County and Indiana could be beneficial to export elsewhere in the event of another public health crisis of this scope. Providers relayed that a close relationship with the local department of health and hotels helped expedite the placement and facilitate the extended stay of homeless COVID positive individuals.

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