IceCube and the discovery of high-energy cosmic neutrinos

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1630028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Halzen
Keyword(s):  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Muon Neutrinos ◽  
Neutrino Detector ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Neutrino Astronomy

By transforming a cubic kilometer of natural Antarctic ice into a neutrino detector, the IceCube project created the opportunity to observe cosmic neutrinos. We describe the experiment and the complementary methods presently used to study the flux of the recently discovered cosmic neutrinos. In one method, events are selected in which neutrinos interacted inside the instrumented volume of the detector, yielding a sample of events dominated by neutrinos of electron and tau flavor. Alternatively, another method detects secondary muons produced by neutrinos selected for having traveled through the Earth to reach the detector, providing a pure sample of muon neutrinos. We will summarize the results obtained with the enlarged data set collected since the initial discovery and appraise the current status of high-energy neutrino astronomy. The large extragalactic neutrino flux observed points to a nonthermal universe with comparable energy in neutrinos, gamma rays and cosmic rays. Continued observations may be closing in on the source candidates. In this context, we highlight the potential of multimessenger analyses as well as the compelling case for constructing a next-generation detector larger in volume by one order of magnitude.

HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINO ASTRONOMY WITH THE ANTARES TELESCOPE

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (08n10) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292
Author(s):  
◽  
P. VERNIN
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Charged Current ◽  
Muon Neutrinos ◽  
The Earth ◽  
High Energy Muon ◽  
First Results ◽  
Current Interaction ◽  
Neutrino Astronomy ◽  
Galactic Sources

Since its completion in 2008, ANTARES is the largest neutrino telescope operating in the Northern hemisphere. High-energy muon-neutrinos originating from galactic and extra-galactic sources cross the earth and produce up-going muons by charged current interaction in the medium just below the bottom of the sea or in the water around it. These muons travel through the water with the emission of Cerenkov light detected by a three-dimensional array of photomultipliers tubes (PMT). The performances and the first results of the telescope will be discussed.

scholarly journals SEARCH FOR NEUTRINO EMISSION FROM GAMMA-RAY SOURCES WITH THE ANTARES TELESCOPE

2012 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
C. BIGONGIARI
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutrino Telescope ◽  
Neutrino Detector ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Cosmic Neutrino ◽  
Promising Source

ANTARES is the first undersea neutrino detector ever built and presently the neutrino telescope with the largest effective area operating in the Northern Hemisphere. A three-dimensional array of photomultiplier tubes detects the Cherenkov light induced by the muons produced in the interaction of high energy neutrinos with the matter surrounding the detector. The detection of astronomical neutrino sources is one of the main goals of ANTARES. The search for point-like neutrino sources with the ANTARES telescope is described and the preliminary results obtained with data collected from 2007 to 2010 are shown. No cosmic neutrino source has been observed and neutrino flux upper limits have been calculated for the most promising source candidates.

scholarly journals MODEL INDEPENDENT CONSTRAINTS ON NON-ELECTRONIC FLAVORS IN THE SOLAR BORON NEUTRINO FLUX

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 1761-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DEV ◽  
SANJEEV KUMAR ◽  
SURENDER VERMA
Keyword(s):  
General Model ◽  
Sterile Neutrino ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
Antineutrino Flux ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
Salt Phase

We perform the most general model-independent analysis of the latest 391-Day Salt Phase SNO Data Set incorporating the super-Kamiokande ES flux measurement and obtain bounds on the antineutrino and sterile neutrino flux in the solar 8 B neutrino flux reaching the detectors on the earth. The muon/tauon antineutrino flux is found to be disallowed at 1.4σ C.L. The sterile flux is found to be nonzero at about 1.26 standard deviations.

RESULTS FROM THE ANITA EXPERIMENT

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (30) ◽  
pp. 2237-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
ANDREA SILVESTRI ◽  
S. W. BARWICK ◽  
J. J. BEATTY ◽  
D. Z. BESSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Successful Launch ◽  
Balloon Experiment ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Prototype Instrument ◽  
Better Than

The ANtarctic Impulse Transient Antenna (ANITA) is the first long-duration balloon experiment designed to search and measure the flux of Greisen–Zapsepin–Kuzmin (GZK) neutrinos. We present new limits on neutrinos fluxes of astronomical origin from data collected with the successful launch of a 2-antenna prototype instrument, called ANITA-lite, that circled the Antarctic continent for 18.4 days in January 2004. We performed a search for Ultra-High-Energy (UHE) neutrinos with energies above 3 × 1018 eV . No excess events above the background expectation were observed and a neutrino flux following E-2 spectrum for all neutrino flavors, is limited to [Formula: see text] for 1018.5 eV < Eν < 1023.5 eV at 90% confidence level. The launch of ANITA is scheduled for December 2006. Looking beyond ANITA, we describe a new idea, called ARIANNA (Antarctic Ross Iceshelf ANtenna Neutrino Array), to increase the sensitivity for GZK neutrinos by one order of magnitude better than ANITA.

scholarly journals High-energy neutrino flux from individual blazar flares

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (3) ◽  
pp. 4347-4366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foteini Oikonomou ◽  
Kohta Murase ◽  
Paolo Padovani ◽  
Elisa Resconi ◽  
Peter Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Muon Neutrinos ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Bl Lac Objects ◽  
Total N ◽  
High Energy Neutrino ◽  
Energy Neutrino ◽  
Ic 10 ◽  
Bl Lac

ABSTRACT Motivated by the recently reported evidence of an association between a high-energy neutrino and a γ-ray flare from the blazar TXS 0506+056, we calculate the expected high-energy neutrino signal from past, individual flares, from 12 blazars, selected in declinations favourable for detection with IceCube. To keep the number of free parameters to a minimum, we mainly focus on BL Lac objects and assume the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism produces the bulk of the high-energy emission. We consider a broad range of the allowed parameter space for the efficiency of proton acceleration, the proton content of BL Lac jets, and the presence of external photon fields. To model the expected neutrino fluence, we use simultaneous multiwavelength observations. We find that in the absence of external photon fields and with jet proton luminosity normalized to match the observed production rate of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, individual flaring sources produce a modest neutrino flux in IceCube, $N^{\mathrm{IC,10 \,yr}}_{\nu _{\mu },{\mathrm{\gt 100~TeV}}} \lesssim 10^{-3}$ muon neutrinos with energy exceeding 100 TeV, stacking 10 yr of flare periods selected in the &gt;800 MeV Fermi energy range, from each source. Under optimistic assumptions about the jet proton luminosity and in the presence of external photon fields, we find that the two most powerful sources in our sample, AO 0235+164, and OJ 287, would produce, in total, $N^{\mathrm{IC \times 10,10 \,yr}}_{\nu _{\mu }, \rm all~flares, \gt 100~TeV} \approx 3$ muon neutrinos during Fermi flaring periods, in future neutrino detectors with total instrumented volume ∼10 times larger than IceCube, or otherwise, constrain the proton luminosity of blazar jets.

scholarly journals Progress in neutrino astronomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Rott
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Neutrino ◽  
Energy Neutrino ◽  
Neutrino Astronomy ◽  
Astrophysical Neutrino

AbstractThe dream of observing our universe through neutrinos is rapidly becoming a reality. More than three decades after the first observation of neutrinos from beyond our solar system associated with Supernova SN1987A, neutrino astronomy is in the midst of a revolution. Extraterrestrial neutrinos are now routinely detected, following the discovery of a high-energy diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux in 2013. The detection of a high-energy neutrino in coincidence with a flaring blazar in 2017 has brought the field rapidly into the multi-messenger science era. The latest developments in the field of neutrino astronomy are reviewed and prospects with current and future detectors discussed. Particular emphasis is put on domestic programs in neutrino astronomy and the possibility to construct a large neutrino observatory in Korea.

DETECTION OF NEUTRINOS FROM MICRO-QUASARS I

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1250085
Author(s):  
OSVALDO CIVITARESE ◽  
MERCEDES ELISA MOSQUERA
Keyword(s):  
Neutrino Oscillations ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Emission ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Neutrino Detector ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Low Mass

Using the neutrino intensity obtained from models for high-energy particle-emission from low-mass micro-quasars, we calculate the neutrino flux with and without including neutrino oscillations. We show that the neutrino flux from a micro-quasar is affected by neutrino oscillations. The effect reflects upon the increase in the time of observation, for km-scale neutrino detector.

scholarly journals The Askaryan Radio Array

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S288) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Kara D. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Transparent Media ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Cosmic Ray Flux

AbstractUltra high energy cosmogenic neutrinos could be most efficiently detected in dense, radio frequency (RF) transparent media via the Askaryan effect. Building on the expertise gained by RICE, ANITA and IceCube's radio extension in the use of the Askaryan effect in cold Antarctic ice, we are currently developing an antenna array known as ARA (The Askaryan Radio Array) to be installed in boreholes extending 200 m below the surface of the ice near the geographic South Pole. The unprecedented scale of ARA, which will cover a fiducial area of ≈ 100 square kilometers, was chosen to ensure the detection of the flux of neutrinos suggested by the observation of a drop in high energy cosmic ray flux consistent with the GZK cutoff by HiRes and the Pierre Auger Observatory. Funding to develop the instrumentation and install the first prototypes has been granted, and the first components of ARA were installed during the austral summer of 2010–2011. Within 3 years of commencing operation, the full ARA will exceed the sensitivity of any other instrument in the 0.1-10 EeV energy range by an order of magnitude. The primary goal of the ARA array is to establish the absolute cosmogenic neutrino flux through a modest number of events. This information would frame the performance requirements needed to expand the array in the future to measure a larger number of neutrinos with greater angular precision in order to study their spectrum and origins.

scholarly journals NEUTRINO ASTRONOMY WITH ICECUBE

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 1543-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
TYCE DeYOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutrino Telescope ◽  
Atmospheric Neutrinos ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Astrophysical Objects ◽  
Neutrino Astronomy ◽  
Under Construction

IceCube is a kilometer-scale high energy neutrino telescope under construction at the South Pole, a second-generation instrument expanding the capabilities of the AMANDA telescope. The scientific portfolio of IceCube includes the detection of neutrinos from astrophysical objects such as the sources of the cosmic rays, the search for dark matter, and fundamental physics using a very large data set of atmospheric neutrinos. The design and status of IceCube are briefly reviewed, followed by a summary of results to date from AMANDA and initial IceCube results from the 2007 run, with 22 of a planned 86 strings operational. The new infill array known as Deep Core, which will extend IceCube's capabilities to energies as low as 10 GeV, is also described.

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