DOES THE BUSINESS START-UP PROCESS DIFFER BY GENDER? - A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF NASCENT ENTREPRENEURS

1998 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 347-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRY AGNETE ALSOS ◽  
ELISABET LJUNGGREN
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Starting A Business

In Scandinavia, several policy programs have been directed at increasing the number of women entrepreneurs. These programs appear to build on the idea that women have particular problems in the business start-up process, leading to a lower probability among nascent women entrepreneurs of actually starting a business. This study investigates whether there are gender differences with regard to what nascent entrepreneurs do during their business start-up processes. Using longitudinal data, we also examine to what extent men and women who attempt to start a business succeed in actually doing so. The findings show some gender differences in the start-up process; however these do not lead to lower start-up probabilities for women. Hence there is no evidence that women are less effective business founders than men.

Gender differences in airway obstruction in men and women with acromegaly: A longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvère Störmann ◽  
Katharina Schilbach ◽  
Felix Amereller ◽  
Angstwurm Matthias W ◽  
Jochen Schopohl
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Men And Women

How coaching services help early stage entrepreneurs: an exploration of gender differences

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene L. Nicholls-Nixon ◽  
Mariah M. Maxheimer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Business Incubators ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Entrepreneurial Learning ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
Service Offering

PurposeEntrepreneurial support organizations, such as business incubators and accelerators (BIAs), provide coaching as a core element of their service offering for startups. Yet little is known about how coaching creates value from the entrepreneur's perspective. This is an important issue given that entrepreneurship is recognized as a gendered phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to explore how the coaching services provided during incubation create value for men and women entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachFocusing on university business incubators, our comparative qualitative study of 18 men and women entrepreneurs takes a grounded theorizing approach, and draws abductively on entrepreneurial learning theory, to explore the dimensions of coaching services that support venture development and explain gender differences.FindingsThe emergent explanatory model suggests that venture development is supported by coaching service design (at the incubator level) and by coaching content and rapport (at the entrepreneur-coach dyad level). Gender differences were observed in the emphasis placed on accessibility of coaching services provided by the incubator and the guidance provided by the coaches. We theorize that these findings reflect differences in entrepreneurial learning.Practical implicationsTo better support entrepreneurial learning, gender differences should be considered in both the design and delivery of coaching services.Originality/valueOur findings provide deeper insight about how coaching services create value for entrepreneurs by revealing explanatory dimensions at two levels of analysis and theorizing the interrelationship between entrepreneurial learning, gender and venture development.

Nonprofit Entrepreneurship: Gender Differences in Strategy and Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402199943
Author(s):  
Leonor Camarena ◽  
Mary K. Feeney ◽  
Jesse Lecy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Nonprofit Entrepreneurship

There is evidence of meaningful gender differences in behaviors, resources, and outcomes for traditional and social entrepreneurs. We examine if these differences exist among nonprofit entrepreneurs—those who found organizations in a sector where women outnumber men and the activities of many nonprofits are perceived as feminine. Using survey data from 667 nonprofit founders, we investigate human, social, and financial capital differences between men and women. We find no gender differences in human capital before starting a nonprofit. We find gendered differences in founding approaches—women are more likely to take on full-time roles during the start-up phase and utilize volunteers, while men take on more financial debt. Although gender differences between nonprofit founders are not as extensive as those found among traditional and social entrepreneurs, our findings indicate more equitable opportunities for female nonprofit entrepreneurs. These findings highlight the opportunities for interrogating the gendering of nonprofit development.

My choices are better than yours! Gender differences in narcissistic start-up entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Leonelli
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Start Up ◽  
First Results ◽  
Specialized Team ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Italian Sample ◽  
Better Than

PurposeThe paper explores the role of narcissism on entrepreneurs' decisions in terms of organizational choices, discussing gender differences. The aim relies in the influence that entrepreneurs' personality, capabilities and cognitive orientation have in the creation and management of start-ups.Design/methodology/approachAnalyzing an Italian sample of 207 entrepreneurs and using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and generalized linear model methods, the hypotheses were tested to understand whether and how narcissism affects Research and development (R&D) expenditure, patent ownership and the presence of a specialized team in organizations led by women and men entrepreneurs.FindingsDifferences in the management and organizational choices of narcissistic women entrepreneurs compared to their men counterparts emerged. First, results show that women entrepreneurs are less narcissistic than men. Second, gender is shown to moderate the effect of narcissism on the choice of having a qualified team in a start-up. Third, narcissistic women entrepreneurs were found to engage less in risk-taking activities, such as R&D expenditure, and to patent their ideas more than their male counterparts.Originality/valueThe study expands the existing literature by applying a gendered lens to entrepreneurs' narcissism to investigate whether they behave and manage their start-ups differently.

EXPLORING THE NATURE AND IMPACT OF GESTATION-SPECIFIC HUMAN CAPITAL AMONG NASCENT ENTREPRENEURS

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONICA DIOCHON ◽  
TERESA V. MENZIES ◽  
YVON GASSE
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Human Capital ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Starting A Business

This article explores the nature and impact of gestation-specific human capital on successful start-up among a random sample of Canadian nascent entrepreneurs. Although much is known about the relationship between individual-level factors and the probability of becoming a nascent entrepreneur, the same cannot be said for the relationship between individual-level factors and success in starting a business. Previous studies of existing business founders indicate that general human capital (education and work experience) plays a role in opportunity identification, but at best plays a very weak role in opportunity pursuit. In light of these findings we sought to identify elements of human capital that would be specific to gestation–previous start-up experience, completion of classes or workshops in starting a business, and financial management capability (FMC). In documenting these elements, we found the majority of the sample had not taken any classes or workshops on starting a business, were novices to the start-up process, and were characterized by a wide range of financial management capability. Among those nascent entrepreneurs who succeeded in starting a business, FMC was found to be associated with sustainability. We conclude by discussing implications for researchers.

Empathy as moderator of gender differences in Chinese insurance agents' business ethical sensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ethical Sensitivity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Insurance Agents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

To expand the business ethics research field, and to increase society's understanding of Chinese insurance agents' business ethics, we investigated how gender differences are related to agents' business ethical sensitivity and whether or not these relationships are moderated by empathy. Through a regression analysis of the factors associated with the business ethical sensitivity of 417 Chinese insurance agents, we found that gender played an important role in affecting business ethical sensitivity, and empathy significantly affected business ethical sensitivity. Furthermore, empathy had a moderating effect on the relationship between gender and business ethical sensitivity. Both men and women with strong empathy scored high on business ethical sensitivity; however, men with strong empathy had higher levels of business ethical sensitivity than did women with little empathy. The findings add to the literature by providing insight into the mechanisms responsible for the benefits of empathy in increasing business ethical sensitivity.

Relasi Gender dalam Keragaman Qira'at

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Ali Fakhrudin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Many

Knowledge of  qirā’at  until now has only been regarded as under-standing the various methodologies used in reciting the Quran. There has been very little research into analyzing the implications of recitative differences in terms of their purpose, although the many versions of qira’at rightly give rise to differing exegesis. This paper seeks to examine the implication of Qur’anic recitation in those religious verses that concern gender relations. There are many religious verses that address gender differences but this paper only examines verses connected with the opposite sexes shaking hands and permission for women to work outside the home.  This second verse is mentioned because until now there has often been the viewpoint that women ought not work outside the home as long as men and women shake hands at the beginning and end of business matters. For that reason, this paper is very suitable for analysis as a reminder that very rarely is there a person who interprets the Qur’an from an angle of familiarity with various qira’at.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Treatment Allocation and Survival of Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer: a Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willemieke P M Dijksterhuis ◽  
Marianne C Kalff ◽  
Anna D Wagner ◽  
Rob H A Verhoeven ◽  
Valery E P P Lemmens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Gastroesophageal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Allocation ◽  
Netherlands Cancer Registry ◽  
Treatment Administration

Abstract Background Biological sex and gender have been reported to impact incidence and overall survival (OS) of curatively treated gastroesophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to compare palliative treatment allocation and OS between women and men with advanced gastroesophageal cancer. Methods Patients with an unresectable (cT4b) or metastatic (cM1) esophageal (including cardia) adenocarcinoma (EAC) or squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), or gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) diagnosed in 2015-2018 were identified in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Treatment allocation was compared using chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses, and OS using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard analysis. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results Of patients with EAC (n = 3,077), ESCC (n = 794) and GAC (n = 1,836), 18.0%, 39.4% and 39.1% were women, respectively. Women received less often systemic treatment compared to men in EAC (42.7% vs. 47.4%, P = 0.045) and GAC (33.8% vs. 38.8%, P = 0.03), but not in ESCC (33.2% vs. 39.5%, P = 0.07). Women had a lower probability of receiving systemic treatment in GAC in multivariable analyses (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62-1.00), but not in EAC (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.69-1.06) and ESCC (OR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.57-1.14). Median OS was lower in women with EAC (4.4 vs. 5.2 months, P = 0.04), but did not differ after adjustment for patient and tumor characteristics and systemic treatment administration. Conclusion We observed statistically significant and clinically relevant gender differences in systemic treatment administration and OS in advanced gastroesophageal cancer. Causes of these disparities may be sex-based, i.e. related to tumor biology, as well as gender-based, e.g. related to differences in treatment choices.

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