Palaeolithic Assemblages associated with Youngest Toba Tuff deposits from the Upper Gundlakamma river basin, Andhra Pradesh, India

AbstractArchaeological and geological remains associated with the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) deposits in India are seen as significant proxies for reconstructing 1) Initial modern human colonization of India and 2) Possible climatic impacts of the Toba super-eruption of 74 ka on Indian climate and hominin behaviour. In order to gain further insights into the environmental impacts and behavioural adaptations of human populations in India before and after the Toba eruption, we investigated archaeological horizons associated with the Toba ash beds along the Gundlakamma basin in Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Here, lithic artefacts were identified below and above the YTT deposits. The YTT deposits in the Gundlakamma river basin has a maximum thickness of 50 cm, comparatively thinner than those at the better investigated valleys of the adjacent Jurreru and Sagileru in Andhra Pradesh and the Son, Madhya Pradesh, India. Our surveys indicate that the Palaeolithic assemblages associated with YTT deposits from the Gundlakamma river basin can provide significant insights on the issues and debates surrounding the Toba archaeology.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5729449

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Archaeology and the population-dispersal hypothesis of modern human origins in Europe

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1992.0100 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 337 (1280) ◽

pp. 225-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Keyword(s):

New Technology ◽

Modern Human ◽

Human Populations ◽

Human Origins ◽

Upper Palaeolithic ◽

Archaeological Evidence ◽

Modern Human Origins ◽

The World ◽

Two Populations ◽

Behavioural Adaptations

The transition from anatomically ‘archaic’ to ‘modern’ populations would seem to have occurred in most regions of Europe broadly between ca.40 and 30 ka ago: much later than in most other areas of the world. The archaeological evidence supports the view that this transition was associated with the dispersal of new human populations into Europe, equipped with a new technology (‘Aurignacian’) and a range of radical behavioural and cultural innovations which collectively define the ‘Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition'. In several regions of Europe there is archaeological evidence for a chronological overlap between these populations and the final Neanderthal populations and, apparently, for various forms of contact, interaction and, apparently, ‘acculturation’ between these two populations. The fundamental behavioural adaptations implicit in the ‘Upper Palaeolithic Revolution’ (possibly including language) are thought to have been responsible for this rapid dispersal of human populations over the ecologically demanding environments of last-glacial Europe.

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Evaluation of endorphin content in the CSF of patients with trigeminal neuralgia before and after Gasserian ganglion thermocoagulation

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1981.55.6.0935 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 935-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Giuseppe Salar ◽

Salvatore Mingrino ◽

Marco Trabucchi ◽

Angelo Bosio ◽

Carlo Semenza

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽

Control Group ◽

Gasserian Ganglion ◽

Content Type ◽

Group Of Seven ◽

Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Fine Print

✓ The β-endorphin content in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated in 10 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia during medical treatment (with or without carbamazepine) and after selective thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion. These values were compared with those obtained in a control group of seven patients without pain problems. No statistically significant difference was found between patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia and those without pain. Furthermore, neither pharmacological treatment nor surgery changed CSF endorphin values. It is concluded that there is no pathogenetic relationship between trigeminal neuralgia and endorphins.

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Preoperative and postoperative cognitive functioning in patients with frontal meningiomas

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2003.98.1.0021 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

pp. 21-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 193

Author(s):

Oliver Tucha ◽

Christian Smely ◽

Michael Preier ◽

Georg Becker ◽

Geraldine M. Paul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Executive Functions ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Time Course ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Test Battery ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Specific Information ◽

Content Type ◽

Before And After ◽

Fine Print

Object. There is presently no specific information available concerning the nature and course of cognitive deficits caused by intracranial meningiomas. In this prospective study the authors examined the cognitive functioning of patients with frontal meningiomas. Methods. Fifty-four patients with frontal meningiomas were examined neuropsychologically before and after neurosurgery. The test battery consisted of standardized instruments including those assessing memory, attention, visuoconstructive abilities, and executive functions. The time period between pre-and postoperative assessment ranged from 4 to 9 months. The patients' performance was compared with the results in 54 healthy adults who were also assessed twice by using the same test battery in a period ranging from 4 to 9 months. In addition, the effect on cognition of meningioma lateralization, localization, lesion size, edema, brain compression, time course, and the occurrence of preoperative seizures was analyzed. Conclusions. Except in the case of working memory, comparisons of pre- and postoperative assessments of cognition revealed no differences in memory, visuoconstructive abilities, or executive functions, although a postoperative improvement in attentional functions was observed. The results of this study indicate that the surgical removal of frontal meningiomas does not impair patients' cognitive functioning. Furthermore, improvements in attentional functions may occur in these patients.

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Do the calendar anomalies still exist? Evidence from Indian currency market

Managerial Finance ◽

10.1108/mf-05-2015-0146 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 136-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Satish Kumar ◽

Rajesh Pathak

Keyword(s):

Least Square ◽

January Effect ◽

Currency Markets ◽

Content Type ◽

Currency Market ◽

Before And After ◽

Calendar Anomalies ◽

Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽

The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽

Using Data

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the presence of the day-of-the-week (DOW) and January effect in the Indian currency market for selected currency pairs; USD-(Indian rupee) INR, EUR-INR, GBP-INR and JPY-INR, from January, 1999 to December, 2014. Design/methodology/approach – Ordinary least square regression analysis is used to examine the presence of DOW and January effect to test the efficiency of the Indian currency market. The sample period is later divided into two sub-periods, that is, pre- and post-2008 to capture the behavior of returns before and after the 2008 financial crisis. Further, the authors also use the non-parametric technique, the Kruskal-Wallis test, to provide robustness check for the results. Findings – The results indicate that the returns during Monday to Wednesday are positive and higher than the returns on Thursday and Friday which show negative returns. The returns during January are found to be higher than the returns during rest of the year. Further, all currencies exhibit significant DOW and January effects in pre-crisis period, however, post-crisis; these effects disappear for all currencies indicating that the markets have become more efficient in the later time. The findings can be further attributed to the increased intervention in the forex markets by the Reserve Bank of India after the crisis. Practical implications – The results have important implications for both traders and investors. The findings suggest that the investors might not be able to earn excess profits by timing their positions in some particular currencies taking the advantage of DOW or January effect which in turn indicates that the currency markets have become more efficient with time. The results are in conformity with those reported for the developed markets. The results might be appealing to the practitioners as well in a way that they can consider the state of financial market for financial decision making. Originality/value – The authors provide the first study to examine the calendar anomalies (DOW and January effect) across a range of emerging currencies using 16 years of data from January, 1999 to December, 2014. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has yet examined these calendar anomalies in the currency markets using data which covers two important periods, pre-2008 and post-2008.

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Changes in the Use of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics after Cefepime Shortage: a Time Series Analysis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.05560-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 989-994 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. Plüss-Suard ◽

A. Pannatier ◽

C. Ruffieux ◽

A. Kronenberg ◽

K. Mühlemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Antibiotic Policy ◽

Content Type ◽

Broad Spectrum Antibiotics ◽

Before And After ◽

Alternative Antibiotic ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTThe original cefepime product was withdrawn from the Swiss market in January 2007 and replaced by a generic 10 months later. The goals of the study were to assess the impact of this cefepime shortage on the use and costs of alternative broad-spectrum antibiotics, on antibiotic policy, and on resistance ofPseudomonas aeruginosatoward carbapenems, ceftazidime, and piperacillin-tazobactam. A generalized regression-based interrupted time series model assessed how much the shortage changed the monthly use and costs of cefepime and of selected alternative broad-spectrum antibiotics (ceftazidime, imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam) in 15 Swiss acute care hospitals from January 2005 to December 2008. Resistance ofP. aeruginosawas compared before and after the cefepime shortage. There was a statistically significant increase in the consumption of piperacillin-tazobactam in hospitals with definitive interruption of cefepime supply and of meropenem in hospitals with transient interruption of cefepime supply. Consumption of each alternative antibiotic tended to increase during the cefepime shortage and to decrease when the cefepime generic was released. These shifts were associated with significantly higher overall costs. There was no significant change in hospitals with uninterrupted cefepime supply. The alternative antibiotics for which an increase in consumption showed the strongest association with a progression of resistance were the carbapenems. The use of alternative antibiotics after cefepime withdrawal was associated with a significant increase in piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem use and in overall costs and with a decrease in susceptibility ofP. aeruginosain hospitals. This warrants caution with regard to shortages and withdrawals of antibiotics.

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Does uncertainty boost overconfidence? The case of financial analysts' forecasts

Managerial Finance ◽

10.1108/mf-01-2013-0017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 300-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Véronique Bessière ◽

Taoufik Elkemali

Keyword(s):

Stock Returns ◽

Private Information ◽

High Tech ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Forecast Dispersion ◽

Content Type ◽

The Public ◽

Public Announcement ◽

Before And After ◽

Sectional Analysis

Purpose – This article aims to examine the link between uncertainty and analysts' reaction to earnings announcements for a sample of European firms during the period 1997-2007. In the same way as Daniel et al., the authors posit that overconfidence leads to an overreaction to private information followed by an underreaction when the information becomes public. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the authors test analysts' overconfidence through the overreaction preceding a public announcement followed by an underreaction after the announcement. If overconfidence occurs, over- and underreactions should be, respectively, observed before and after the public announcement. If uncertainty boosts overconfidence, the authors predict that these two combined misreactions should be stronger when uncertainty is higher. Uncertainty is defined according to technology intensity, and separate two types of firms: high-tech or low-tech. The authors use a sample of European firms during the period 1997-2007. Findings – The results support the overconfidence hypothesis. The authors jointly observe the two phenomena of under- and overreaction. Overreaction occurs when the information has not yet been made public and disappears just after public release. The results also show that both effects are more important for the high-tech subsample. For robustness, the authors sort the sample using analyst forecast dispersion as a proxy for uncertainty and obtain similar results. The authors also document that the high-tech stocks crash in 2000-2001 moderated the overconfidence of analysts, which then strongly declined during the post-crash period. Originality/value – This study offers interesting insights in two ways. First, in the area of financial markets, it provides a test of a major over- and underreaction model and implements it to analysts' reactions through their revisions (versus investors' reactions through stock returns). Second, in a broader way, it deals with the link between uncertainty and biases. The results are consistent with the experimental evidence and extend it to a cross-sectional analysis that reinforces it as pointed out by Kumar.

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Reuse, recycle … reduce: a greener library with print management

Library Hi Tech ◽

10.1108/07378831211266555 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 408-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Megan E. Dempsey ◽

Alex Palilonis

Keyword(s):

Management System ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Content Type ◽

Before And After ◽

Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of a print management system to control costs and reduce waste associated with printing practices.Design/methodology/approachA paper collection study found that 8 percent of pages printed in the library were never claimed. A print management system was implemented requiring print jobs to be manually released by users. Statistics on toner lifespan and number of pages printed before and after the system was implemented were compared.FindingsThe print management system reduced the total number of pages printed in a semester by 32 percent from Fall 2009 to Fall 2011 and increased the lifespan of toner cartridges so they would perform more efficiently.Practical implicationsImplementing a print management system without charging students a printing fee reduces the amount of wasted paper and the costs associated with purchasing paper and toner for printing services.Originality/valueThe paper describes the implementation of a print management system in a library that has substantially reduced the number of pages printed from library computers and the amount of toner used. The authors believe they have made a significant impact on reducing a primary area of waste.

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Activation of complement by tissue plasminogen activator, but not acute cerebral ischemia, in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1997.86.1.0139 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 139-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Martin M. Bednar ◽

Cordell E. Gross ◽

Sheila R. Russell ◽

David Short ◽

Patricia C. Giclas

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Complement Activation ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Thromboembolic Stroke ◽

Content Type ◽

Acute Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Tissue Plasminogen ◽

Before And After ◽

Fine Print

✓ Although complement activation is associated with tissue injury during inflammatory and ischemic states, complement activation in states of acute cerebral ischemia before and after administration of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) has not yet been examined and is the focus of this investigation. Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits weighing 3 to 3.5 kg were used for this study. Of these, 20 were subjected to intracranial autologous clot embolization via the internal carotid artery. Three hours postembolization, rabbits received an intravenous infusion of TPA (6.3 mg/kg, 20% bolus with the remainder infused over a 2-hour interval; 12 animals) or vehicle (eight animals). All animals were observed for a total of 7 or 8 hours postembolization. These two groups were compared to a cohort undergoing sham operation with subsequent TPA infusion (four animals). Plasma samples to quantify complement component C5 hemolytic activity (C5H5O) were obtained at the following time points: 30 minutes before and after clot embolization; 1 hour before and 1 hour after the initiation of therapy with TPA or vehicle and at the completion of the protocol; 7 to 8 hours after clot embolization. The C5 activation was not detected as the result of acute cerebral ischemia. However, animals receiving TPA with or without concomitant clot embolization exhibited C5 activation as assessed by a reduction in C5 hemolytic function, both 1 hour after initiation of TPA infusion (78.7 ± 10.3% and 77.5 ± 9.9% of baseline value, respectively; mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM]) and at the end of the protocol, 2 hours after the completion of the TPA infusion (72.5 ± 8.8% and 53.3 ± 8.1%, respectively; mean ± SEM, p < 0.05, each group). This study supports the conclusion that TPA, but not acute cerebral ischemia, may activate the complement cascade in this rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke.

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