Preserving Agency During Electrical Muscle Stimulation Training Speeds up Reaction Time Directly After Removing EMS

Author(s):  
Shunichi Kasahara ◽  
Kazuma Takada ◽  
Jun Nishida ◽  
Kazuhisa Shibata ◽  
Shinsuke Shimojo ◽  
...  
interactions ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schneegass ◽  
Albrecht Schmidt ◽  
Max Pfeiffer

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. e44-e45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Kamiya ◽  
Alessandro Mezzani ◽  
Takashi Masuda ◽  
Atsuhiko Matsunaga ◽  
Tohru Izumi ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Nith ◽  
Shan-Yuan Teng ◽  
Pengyu Li ◽  
Yujie Tao ◽  
Pedro Lopes

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1530-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Akbari ◽  
Conrad P. Rockel ◽  
Dinesh A. Kumbhare ◽  
Michael D. Noseworthy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichi Ando ◽  
Yoko Takagi ◽  
Hikaru Watanabe ◽  
Kodai Mochizuki ◽  
Mizuki Sudo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) induces involuntary muscle contraction. Several studies have suggested that EMS has the potential to be an alternative method of voluntary exercise; however, its effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) when applied to large lower limb muscles are poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of EMS on CBF, focusing on whether the effects differ between the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries. Methods The participants performed the experiments under EMS and control (rest) conditions in a randomized crossover design. The ICA and VA blood flow were measured before and during EMS or control. Heart rate, blood pressure, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, and end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) were monitored and measured as well. Results The ICA blood flow increased during EMS [Pre: 330 ± 69 mL min−1; EMS: 371 ± 81 mL min−1, P = 0.001, effect size (Cohen’s d) = 0.55]. In contrast, the VA blood flow did not change during EMS (Pre: 125 ± 47 mL min−1; EMS: 130 ± 45 mL min−1, P = 0.26, effect size = 0.12). In the EMS condition, there was a significant positive linear correlation between ΔPETCO2 and ΔICA blood flow (R = 0.74, P = 0.02). No relationships were observed between ΔPETCO2 and ΔVA blood flow (linear: R = − 0.17, P = 0.66; quadratic: R = 0.43, P = 0.55). Conclusions The present results indicate that EMS increased ICA blood flow but not VA blood flow, suggesting that the effects of EMS on cerebral perfusion differ between anterior and posterior cerebral circulation, primarily due to the differences in cerebrovascular response to CO2.


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