Effect of Electrode Size and Maximum Current Limitation on Multichannel Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minmin Wang ◽  
Shenghua Zhu ◽  
Liping Qin ◽  
Jianmin Zhang ◽  
Shaomin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Current Limitation ◽  
Electrode Size ◽  
Maximum Current

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Post-Stroke Cognitive Rehabilitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Convento ◽  
Cristina Russo ◽  
Luca Zigiotto ◽  
Nadia Bolognini
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Neuropsychological Disorders ◽  
Current State ◽  
Stimulation Technique

Abstract. Cognitive rehabilitation is an important area of neurological rehabilitation, which aims at the treatment of cognitive disorders due to acquired brain damage of different etiology, including stroke. Although the importance of cognitive rehabilitation for stroke survivors is well recognized, available cognitive treatments for neuropsychological disorders, such as spatial neglect, hemianopia, apraxia, and working memory, are overall still unsatisfactory. The growing body of evidence supporting the potential of the transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) as tool for interacting with neuroplasticity in the human brain, in turn for enhancing perceptual and cognitive functions, has obvious implications for the translation of this noninvasive brain stimulation technique into clinical settings, in particular for the development of tES as adjuvant tool for cognitive rehabilitation. The present review aims at presenting the current state of art concerning the use of tES for the improvement of post-stroke visual and cognitive deficits (except for aphasia and memory disorders), showing the therapeutic promises of this technique and offering some suggestions for the design of future clinical trials. Although this line of research is still in infancy, as compared to the progresses made in the last years in other neurorehabilitation domains, current findings appear very encouraging, supporting the development of tES for the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairments.

Sham transcranial electrical stimulation and its effects on corticospinal excitability: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thusharika D. Dissanayaka ◽  
Maryam Zoghi ◽  
Michael Farrell ◽  
Gary F. Egan ◽  
Shapour Jaberzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Placebo Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

AbstractSham stimulation is used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy of active stimulation and placebo effects. It should mimic the characteristics of active stimulation to achieve blinding integrity. The present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature to identify the effects of sham transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) – including anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS, c-tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) and transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) – on corticospinal excitability (CSE), compared to baseline in healthy individuals. Electronic databases – PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Science Direct and MEDLINE (Ovid) – were searched for RCTs of tES from 1990 to March 2017. Thirty RCTs were identified. Using a random-effects model, meta-analysis of a-tDCS, c-tDCS, tACS, tRNS and tPCS studies showed statistically non-significant pre-post effects of sham interventions on CSE. This review found evidence for statically non-significant effects of sham tES on CSE.

Transcranial electrical stimulation through screw electrodes for intraoperative monitoring of motor evoked potentials

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsushige Watanabe ◽  
Takashi Watanabe ◽  
Akio Takahashi ◽  
Nobuhito Saito ◽  
Masafumi Hirato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Intraoperative Monitoring ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Motor Pathways ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The feasibility of high-frequency transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) through screw electrodes placed in the skull was investigated for use in intraoperative monitoring of the motor pathways in patients who are in a state of general anesthesia during cerebral and spinal operations. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were elicited by TES with a train of five square-wave pulses (duration 400 µsec, intensity ≤ 200 mA, frequency 500 Hz) delivered through metal screw electrodes placed in the outer table of the skull over the primary motor cortex in 42 patients. Myogenic MEPs to anodal stimulation were recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. The mean threshold stimulation intensity was 48 ± 17 mA for the APB muscles, and 112 ± 35 mA for the TA muscles. The electrodes were firmly fixed at the site and were not dislodged by surgical manipulation throughout the operation. No adverse reactions attributable to the TES were observed. Passing current through the screw electrodes stimulates the motor cortex more effectively than conventional methods of TES. The method is safe and inexpensive, and it is convenient for intraoperative monitoring of motor pathways.

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