Fast and Selective Ionic Transport: From Ion-Conducting Channels to Ion Exchange Membranes for Flow Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Klaus-Dieter Kreuer ◽  
Andreas Münchinger
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Hydration Shell ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Steric Effects ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Ion Conducting

This review discusses selective and fast transport of ionic species (ions and their associates) through systems as diverse as ion-conducting transmembrane proteins and ion exchange membranes (IEMs) in aqueous environments, with special emphasis on the role of electrostatics, specific chemical interactions, and morphology (steric effects). Contrary to the current doctrine, we suggest that properly balanced ion-coordinating interactions are more important than steric effects for selective ion transport in biological systems. Steric effects are more relevant to the selectivity of ionic transport through IEMs. As a general rule, decreased hydration leads to higher selectivity but also to lower transport rate. Near-perfect selectivity is achieved by ion-conducting channels in which unhydrated ions transfer through extremely short hydrophobic passages separating aqueous environments. In IEMs, ionic species practically keep their hydration shell and their transport is sterically constrained by the width of aqueous pathways. We discuss the trade-off between selectivity and transport rates and make suggestions for choosing, optimizing, or developing membranes for technological applications such as vanadium-redox-flow batteries.

Ion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongwei Wu ◽  
Junping Hu ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Qingming Zhou ◽  
Wenxin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Vanadium Redox

Abstract In recent years, much attention has been paid to vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) because of their excellent performance as a new and efficient energy storage system, especially for large-scale energy storage. As one core component of a VRB, ion exchange membrane prevents cross-over of positive and negative electrolytes, while it enables the transportation of charge-balancing ions such as H+, $${\text{SO}}_4^{2 - },$$ and $${\text{HSO}}_4^ - $$ to complete the current circuit. To a large extent, its structure and property affect the performance of VRBs. This review focuses on the latest work on the ion exchange membranes for VRBs such as perfluorinated, partially fluorinated, and nonfluorinated membranes. The prospective for future development on membranes for VRBs is also proposed.

scholarly journals Flexible Nanocellulose/Lignosulfonates Ion-Conducting Separators for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Carla Vilela ◽  
João D. Morais ◽  
Ana Cristina Q. Silva ◽  
Daniel Muñoz-Gil ◽  
Filipe M. L. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
Biobased Materials ◽  
Ion Conducting

The utilization of biobased materials for the fabrication of naturally derived ion-exchange membranes is breezing a path to sustainable separators for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). In this investigation, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC, a bacterial polysaccharide) and lignosulfonates (LS, a by-product of the sulfite pulping process), were blended by diffusion of an aqueous solution of the lignin derivative and of the natural-based cross-linker tannic acid into the wet BNC nanofibrous three-dimensional structure, to produce fully biobased ion-exchange membranes. These freestanding separators exhibited good thermal-oxidative stability of up to about 200 °C, in both inert and oxidative atmospheres (N2 and O2, respectively), high mechanical properties with a maximum Young’s modulus of around 8.2 GPa, as well as good moisture-uptake capacity with a maximum value of ca. 78% after 48 h for the membrane with the higher LS content. Moreover, the combination of the conducting LS with the mechanically robust BNC conveyed ionic conductivity to the membranes, namely a maximum of 23 mS cm−1 at 94 °C and 98% relative humidity (RH) (in-plane configuration), that increased with increasing RH. Hence, these robust water-mediated ion conductors represent an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional ion-exchange membranes for application in PEFCs.

scholarly journals Ion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries

ENERGYO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongwei Wu ◽  
Junping Hu ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Qingming Zhou ◽  
Wenxin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Vanadium Redox

scholarly journals An overview of amphoteric ion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 212-227
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Zhenfeng He ◽  
Rajib Das ◽  
Binbin Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Vanadium Redox

scholarly journals High Proton Selectivity Sulfonated Polyimides Ion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Flow Batteries

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Chen ◽  
Liming Ding ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Haijun Yang ◽  
Xinhai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
High Proton ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimides ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Exchange Membrane

High proton selectivity is the ultimate aim for the ion exchange membranes (IEMs). In this study, two kinds of sulfonated polyimides (SPI)—non-fluorinated and fluorine-containing polyimide—with about 40% sulfonation degree were synthesized by one-step high temperature polymerization. High proton selectivity IEMs were prepared and applied in vanadium flow batteries (VFB). The chemical structures, physicochemical properties and single cell performance of these membranes were characterized. The results indicate that high molecular weight of SPIs can guarantee the simultaneous achievement of good mechanical and oxidative stability for IEMs. Meanwhile, the proton selectivity of SPI membrane is five times higher than that of Nafion115 membranes due to the introduction of fluorocarbon groups. Consequently, the single cell assembled with SPI membranes exhibits excellent energy efficiency up to 84.8% at a current density of 100 mA·cm−2, which is 4.6% higher than Nafion115. In addition, the capacity retention is great after 500 charge–discharge cycles. All results demonstrate that fluorinated SPI ion exchange membrane has a bright prospect in new energy field.

Fabrication of novel mixed matrix electrodialysis heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes modified by ilmenite (FeTiO3): electrochemical and ionic transport characteristics

Ionics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Hosseini ◽  
A. R. Hamidi ◽  
A. R. Moghadassi ◽  
P. Koranian ◽  
S. S. Madaeni
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix
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