Effect of the IrOx Conductivity on the Anode Electrode / Porous Transport Layer Interfacial Resistance in PEM Water Electrolyzers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Bernt ◽  
Carina Schramm ◽  
Jonas Schröter ◽  
Christian Gebauer ◽  
Jan Byrknes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Layer ◽  
Interfacial Resistance ◽  
Anode Electrode

scholarly journals Fabrication and Photovoltaic Properties of Organic Solar Cell Based on Zinc Phthalocyanine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahoor Ul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Waqar Adil Syed ◽  
Fakhra Aziz ◽  
Fazal Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Interfacial Resistance ◽  
Ito Cell ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties

Herein, we report thin films’ characterizations and photovoltaic properties of an organic semiconductor zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). To study the former, a 100 nm thick film of ZnPc is thermally deposited on quartz glass by using vacuum thermal evaporator at 1.5 × 10−6 mbar. Surface features of the ZnPc film are studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with in situ energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and atomic force microscope (AFM) which reveal uniform film growth, grain sizes and shapes with slight random distribution of the grains. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies are carried out of the ZnPc thin films to measure its optical bandgap (1.55 eV and 3.08 eV) as well as to study chemical composition and bond-dynamics. To explore photovoltaic properties of ZnPc, an Ag/ZnPc/PEDOT:PSS/ITO cell is fabricated by spin coating a 20 nm thick film of hole transport layer (HTL)—poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS)—on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate followed by thermal evaporation of a 100 nm layer of ZnPc and 50 nm silver (Ag) electrode. Current-voltage (I-V) properties of the fabricated device are measured in dark as well as under illumination at standard testing conditions (STC), i.e., 300 K, 100 mW/cm2 and 1.5 AM global by using solar simulator. The key device parameters such as ideality factor (n), barrier height ( ϕ b ), junction/interfacial resistance (Rs) and forward current rectification of the device are measured in the dark which exhibit the formation of depletion region. The Ag/ZnPc/PEDOT:PSS/ITO device demonstrates good photovoltaic characteristics by offering 0.48 fill factor (FF) and 1.28 ± 0.05% power conversion efficiency (PCE), η.

Controlled Injection of Holes into ALQ3 Based Oleds by Means of An Oxidized Transport Layer

2001 ◽  
Vol 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew K. Mathai ◽  
Keith A. Higginson ◽  
Bing R. Hsieh ◽  
Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Injection ◽  
Carrier Injection ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
Intrinsic Degradation ◽  
Variable Conductivity

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report a method for tuning the extent of hole injection into the active light emitting tris- (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) layer in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). This is made possible by modifying the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode with an oxidized transport layer (OTL) comprising a hole transporting polycarbonate of N,N'-bis(3-hydroxymethyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl) benzidine and diethylene glycol (PC-TPB-DEG) doped with varying concentrations of antimonium hexafluoride salt of N,N,N',N'-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4'-biphenyldiamine (TMTPD+ SbF6-). The conductivity of the OTL can be changed over three orders of magnitude depending on salt loading. The analysis of hole and electron current variations in these devices indicates that optimizing the conductivity of the OTL enables the modulation of hole injection into the Alq3 layer. The bipolar charge transport properties for OLEDs in which the interfacial carrier injection barriers have been minimized, are governed by the conductivities of the respective layers and in this case it is shown that the variable conductivity of the OTL does allow for better control of the same. Accordingly, varying the concentration of holes in the device indicates that beyond an optimum concentration of holes, further hole injection results in the formation of light quenching cationic species and the initiation of oxidative degradation processes in the Alq3 layer, thus accelerating the intrinsic degradation of these devices. The variable conductivity of the OTL can hence be used to minimize the occurrence of these processes.

Distributed IP Refactoring: Cooperation with Optical Transport Layer and Centralized SDN

2018 ◽  
Vol E101.B (7) ◽  
pp. 1661-1674
Author(s):  
Shohei KAMAMURA ◽  
Aki FUKUDA ◽  
Hiroki MORI ◽  
Rie HAYASHI ◽  
Yoshihiko UEMATSU
Keyword(s):  
Transport Layer ◽  
Optical Transport

Carbon Supports Mitigate Resistivity Limitations in Ni-Mo Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rituja Patil ◽  
Aayush Mantri ◽  
Stephen House ◽  
Judith C. Yang ◽  
James McKone
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Interfacial Resistance ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Vulcan Carbon

We have studied the composition and morphology of Ni-Mo alloys. These alloys consist of a Ni-rich core surrounded by Mo-rich oxide layer. The HER activity of Ni-Mo alloys was seen to be limited by interfacial resistance rather than kinetic and solution transport. Vulcan carbon, a conductive support mitigate the resistive limitations by providing conductive percolation networks.

Performance Analysis of TCP Variants using AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols in MANETs

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnesh Singh ◽  
Neeta Singh ◽  
Aarti Gautam Dinker
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Hoc Networks

TCP is the most reliable transport layer protocol that provides reliable data delivery from source to destination node. TCP works well in wired networks but it is assumed that TCP is less preferred for ad-hoc networks. However, for application in ad-hoc networks, TCP can be modified to improve its performance. Various researchers have proposed improvised variants of TCP by only one or two measures. These one or two measures do not seem to be sufficient for proper analysis of improvised version of TCP. So, in this paper, the performance of different TCP versions is investigated with DSDV and AODV routing Protocols. We analyzed various performance measures such as throughput, delay, packet drop, packet delivery ratio and number of acknowledgements. The simulation results are carried out by varying number of nodes in network simulator tool NS2. It is observed that TCP Newreno achieved higher throughput and packet delivery ratio with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols.Whereas TCP Vegas achieved minimum delay and packet loss with both DSDV and AODV protocol. However TCP sack achieved minimum acknowledgment with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols. In this paper the comparison of all these TCP variants shows that TCP Newreno provides better performance with both AODV and DSDV protocols.

Enhancing transport layer in satellite systems

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Roseti ◽  
M. Luglio ◽  
G. Savone ◽  
F. Zampognaro
Keyword(s):  
Transport Layer ◽  
Satellite Systems
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