Effect of weight loss on muscle lipid content in morbidly obese subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (4) ◽  
pp. E726-E732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Gray ◽  
Charles J. Tanner ◽  
Walter J. Pories ◽  
Kenneth G. MacDonald ◽  
Joseph A. Houmard
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obese Subjects

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that weight loss results in a reduction in intramuscular lipid (IMCL) content that is concomitant with enhanced insulin action. Muscle biopsies were obtained from morbidly obese individuals [body mass index (BMI) 52.2 ± 2.5 kg/m2; n= 6] before and after gastric bypass surgery, an intervention that improves insulin action. With intervention, there was a 47% reduction ( P < 0.01) in BMI and a 93% decrease in homeostasis model assessment, or HOMA (7.0 ± 1.9 vs. 0.5 ± 0.1). Histochemically determined IMCL content decreased ( P < 0.05) by ∼30%. In relation to fiber type, IMCL was significantly higher in type I vs. type II fibers. In both fiber types, there were reductions in IMCL and trends for muscle atrophy. Despite these two negating factors, the IMCL-to-fiber area ratio still decreased by ∼44% with weight loss. In conclusion, despite differing initial levels and possible atrophy, weight loss appears to decrease IMCL deposition to a similar relative extent in type I and II muscle fibers. This reduction in intramuscular triglyceride may contribute to enhanced insulin action seen with weight loss.

Muscle fiber type is associated with obesity and weight loss

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (6) ◽  
pp. E1191-E1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Tanner ◽  
Hisham A. Barakat ◽  
G. Lynis Dohm ◽  
Walter J. Pories ◽  
Kenneth G. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Excess Weight Loss ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Muscle Fiber Type ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Type I ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Type I Fibers

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that muscle fiber type is related to obesity. Fiber type was compared 1) in lean and obese women, 2) in Caucasian (C) and African-American (AA) women, and 3) in obese individuals who lost weight after gastric bypass surgery. When lean (body mass index 24.0 ± 0.9 kg/m2, n = 28) and obese (34.8 ± 0.9 kg/m2, n = 25) women were compared, there were significant ( P < 0.05) differences in muscle fiber type. The obese women possessed fewer type I (41.5 ± 1.8 vs. 54.6 ± 1.8%) and more type IIb (25.1 ± 1.5 vs. 14.4 ± 1.5%) fibers than the lean women. When ethnicity was accounted for, the percentage of type IIb fibers in obese AA was significantly higher than in obese C (31.0 ± 2.4% vs. 19.2 ± 1.9%); fewer type I fibers were also found in obese AA (34.5 ± 2.8% vs. 48.6 ± 2.2%). These data are consistent with the higher incidence of obesity and greater weight gain reported in AA women. With weight loss intervention, there was a positive relationship ( r = 0.72, P < 0.005) between the percentage of excess weight loss and the percentage of type I fibers in morbidly obese patients. These findings indicate that there is a relationship between muscle fiber type and obesity.

scholarly journals Plasma Ghrelin in Obesity before and after Weight Loss after Laparoscopical Adjustable Gastric Banding

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 3352-3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Hanusch-Enserer ◽  
Edmund Cauza ◽  
Georg Brabant ◽  
Attila Dunky ◽  
Harald Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gastric Banding ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adjustable Gastric Banding ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Severely Obese

Abstract Weight reduction after gastric bypass surgery has been attributed to a decrease of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin, which may be regulated by insulin and leptin. This study examined effects of long-term weight loss after laparoscopical adjustable gastric banding on plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations and their relationship with insulin action. Severely obese patients (15 women, three men, 36 ± 12 yr) underwent clinical examinations every 3 months and modified oral glucose tolerance tests to assess parameters of insulin sensitivity and secretion every 6 months. After surgery, body mass index fell from 45.3 ± 5.3 to 37.2 ± 5.3 and 33.6 ± 5.5 kg/m2 at 6 and 12 months, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). This was associated with lower (P &lt; 0.0001) plasma glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Plasma leptin decreased from 27.6 ± 9.5 to 17.7 ± 9.8 (P = 0.0005) and 12.7 ± 5.1 ng/ml (P &lt; 0.0001). Plasma ghrelin was comparable before and at 6 months (234 ± 53; 232 ± 53 pmol/liter) but increased at 12 months (261 ± 72 pmol/liter; P = 0.05 vs. 6 months). At 6 and 12 months, ghrelin levels correlated negatively with fasting plasma insulin levels and hepatic insulin extraction but not with body mass or insulin action. In conclusion, prolonged weight loss results in a rise of fasting ghrelin concentrations that correlates with fasting insulin concentrations but not improvement of insulin sensitivity.

Circulating Peptide YY, Weight Loss, and Glucose Homeostasis After Gastric Bypass Surgery in Morbidly Obese Subjects

2008 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Morínigo ◽  
Josep Vidal ◽  
Antonio M. Lacy ◽  
Salvadora Delgado ◽  
Roser Casamitjana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Subjects

Elevated intramyocellular lipid concentration in obese subjects is not reduced after diet and exercise training

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. E632-E639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Malenfant ◽  
Angelo Tremblay ◽  
Éric Doucet ◽  
Pascal Imbeault ◽  
Jean-Aimé Simoneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Initial Values ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Total Muscle

To determine the effects of weight loss on intramyocellular energy substrates, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were taken from six obese subjects (body mass index 34 ± 5 kg/m2) before, after 15 wk of energy restriction (ER; −700 kcal/day), and after a further average 20.7 ± 1.6 wk of endurance training plus low-fat diet (ET-LFD). Body weight fell from 100 ± 6 to 89 ± 6 kg during ER and to 84 ± 4 kg after ET-LFD. Lipids and glycogen were histochemically measured in type I, IIA, and IIB fibers. Total muscle glycogen content (MGC; per 100 fibers) decreased after ER [from 72 ± 13 to 55 ± 8 arbitrary units (AU)]. A similar but not significant decrease was seen in total muscle lipid content (MLC; 14 ± 5 to 9 ± 1 AU). After ET-LFD, MGC returned to initial values (74 ± 8 AU), and MLC approached near-initial values (12 ± 3 AU). Individual fiber lipid concentration did not change throughout the protocol in all fiber types, whereas glycogen concentration increased after ET-LFD. The training effects of ET-LFD were measured as increasing activities of key mitochondrial enzymes. Although total muscle energy reserves can be reduced after weight loss, their concentration within individual myofibers remains elevated. Weight loss does not appear sufficient to correct the potential detrimental effects of high intracellular lipid concentrations.

scholarly journals Serum Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Is Reduced after Weight Loss in Morbidly Obese Subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1168-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik G. Haider ◽  
Karin Schindler ◽  
Gerhard Prager ◽  
Arthur Bohdjalian ◽  
Anton Luger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Banding ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein 4 ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract Context: Administration of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) impairs insulin sensitivity in animals, and elevated serum concentrations have been associated with insulin resistance in humans. Objective: We have studied whether weight loss influences RBP-4. Patients and Methods: Fasting serum concentrations of RBP-4 were measured before and 6 months after gastric banding surgery in 33 morbidly obese patients aged 40 ± 11 yr with a body mass index (BMI) of 46 ± 5 kg/m2. Fourteen healthy subjects aged 29 ± 5 yr with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2 served as controls. To characterize the association of weight loss with central and peripheral appetite regulation, the signaling protein agouti-related protein (AGRP), the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, and its recently identified antagonist obestatin were determined. Results: At baseline, RBP-4 levels were markedly higher in obese than in lean subjects (2.7 ± 0.5 vs. 0.9 ± 0.5 μg/ml; P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, AGRP and obestatin were lower in obese subjects compared with lean controls (all P &lt; 0.001). Six months after gastric banding, BMI was reduced to 40 ± 5 kg/m2, RBP-4 was reduced to 2.0 ± 0.7 μg/ml, AGRP increased from 1.8 ± 1.1 to 3.4 ± 1.1 ng/ml, ghrelin increased from 93 ± 58 to 131 ± 70 pg/ml, and obestatin increased from 131 ± 52 to 173 ± 35 pg/ml (all P &lt; 0.05). Individual changes of RBP-4 were associated with changes of BMI (r = 0.72), the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance-index (r = 0.53), and total cholesterol (r = 0.42, for all P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Reductions in circulating RBP-4 may contribute to improved insulin resistance in morbidly obese subjects after weight loss. This is accompanied by favorable changes in appetite-regulating hormones, which might support the sustained weight loss after obesity surgery.

GRB14, GPD1, and GDF8 as potential network collaborators in weight loss-induced improvements in insulin action in human skeletal muscle

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Jun Park ◽  
Jason R. Berggren ◽  
Matthew W. Hulver ◽  
Joseph A Houmard ◽  
Eric P. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance in skeletal muscle; accordingly, weight loss dramatically improves insulin action. We sought to identify molecular remodeling of muscle commensurate with weight loss that could explain improvements in insulin action. Muscle from morbidly obese women was studied before and after gastric bypass surgery. Gastric bypass surgery significantly reduced body mass by ∼45% and improved insulin action. We then assessed mRNA profiles using a stringent statistical analysis (statistical concordance with three probe set algorithms), with validation in a cross-sectional study of lean ( n = 8) vs. morbidly obese ( n = 8) muscle. Growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 (GRB14), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1), and growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8; myostatin) significantly decreased ∼2.4-, 2.2-, and 2.4-fold, respectively, after weight loss (gastric bypass). Increased expression of these transcripts was associated with increased obesity in the cross-sectional group (lean vs. morbidly obese muscle). Each transcript was validated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays in both study groups. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we show that all three transcripts are involved in the same regulatory network including AKT1, IGF1, TNF, PPARG, and INS. These results suggest that GRB14, GPD1, and GDF8 are weight loss-responsive genes in skeletal muscle and that the observed transcriptional modulation of these would be expected to improve insulin signaling, decrease triglyceride synthesis, and increase muscle mass, respectively, with weight loss. Thus our data provide a possible regulatory pathway involved in the development of insulin resistance in the morbidly obese state, and improvement of insulin resistance with weight loss.

Abstract 612: Effect of Bariatric Surgery on HDL-Associated MicroRNAs

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatiha Tabet ◽  
Kasey C Vickers ◽  
Luisa F Cuesta Torres ◽  
Basil Ammori ◽  
Rahul Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obese Subjects

Background and aims: We have recently demonstrated that high-density lipoproteins (HDL) transport microRNAs (miRNAs) in the plasma. Here we aim to investigate how HDL-associated miRNAs are regulated in morbidly obese subjects and more importantly, how weight loss after bariatric surgery affected HDL-miRNAs in these subjects. Methods: Plasma HDL were isolated from morbidly obese subjects (n=23) before, 6 months and 12 months after bariatric surgery by immunoprecipitation using goat anti-human apoA-I microbeads. We also isolated HDL from 12 normal subjects using the same methods. miRNAs were extracted from the isolated HDL and miR-223, miR-24 and miR-126 levels were determined by TaqMan miRNA assays. Results: miR-223, miR-24 and miR-126 were present on HDL from obese subjects before and after bariatric surgery. Before surgery, levels of miR-223, miR-24 and miR-126 on HDL from morbidly obese subjects were significantly higher than the levels on HDL from normal subjects. At 12 months after bariatric surgery, miR-223, miR-24 and miR-126 levels on HDL from obese subjects were increased by 2.9-fold, 2.3-fold and 2.7-fold (p<0.05 all), respectively, compared to before surgery. Conclusion: HDL-associated miRNAs are differentially regulated in healthy versus morbidly obese subjects. miR-223, miR-24 and miR-126 are sensitive to weight loss induced by bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Lipid Deposition in Different Fiber Types of Skeletal Muscle of Periparturient Dairy Cows

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Roberts ◽  
B. A. Turfrey ◽  
A. P. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Type I Fibers

The intracellular deposition of neutral lipid in skeletal muscle of dairy cows before and after calving has been studied in biopsy samples taken from 72 cows in three herds. The amounts of neutral lipid in individual fibers were estimated using Oil red O-stained sections and an average value was calculated for each fiber type within a sample. Intracellular lipid deposition occurred mainly in type I fibers and reached its highest level one week after calving. The amount of lipid in muscle at this time showed a high correlation with the amount of lipid in liver and with the rate of lipid mobilization from tissue reserves.

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