Interleukin 1 stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. E65-E70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Gwosdow ◽  
M. S. Kumar ◽  
H. H. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Induced Changes

The effect of varying doses of purified human interleukin 1 (IL-1) on rectal temperature (Tr), hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), pituitary and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and plamsa corticosterone was examined in intact male rats at 24 degrees C; plasma ACTH and corticosterone responses were also studied in hypophysectomized rats. In addition, IL-1-induced changes in corticosterone concentration were investigated by means of adrenal organ cultures. Tr was measured with thermocouples. CRH and ACTH levels were determined by radioimmunoassay, and corticosterone by protein-binding assay. Intravenous administration of IL-1 (0.063-1.0 ng) resulted in hyperthermia, which began 20 min postinjection and continued for an additional 30 min. IL-1 at a dose of 0.5 ng resulted in no change in hypothalamic CRH, pituitary ACTH, or plasma ACTH levels compared with saline-treated rats. Plasma corticosterone was significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated 30 min after IL-1 administration and returned to control levels after 1 h. The higher dose of IL-1 (1.0 ng) did not affect hypothalamic CRH content, but pituitary ACTH began to rise at 15 min and was significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated 30 min after injection. Rats receiving this dose displayed elevated (P less than 0.05) plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels 30 and 60 min postinjection. No change in plasma corticosterone was observed in hypophysectomized rats administered either 1 ng of IL-1 or 1 microgram of recombinant IL-1 beta (rIL-1 beta); adrenal organ cultures treated with IL-1 (10(-11) M) responded similarly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Corticosteroids and ACTH are not required for compensatory adrenal growth

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (5) ◽  
pp. 1461-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
WC Engeland ◽  
J Shinsako ◽  
MF Dallman
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Acth Secretion ◽  
Unilateral Adrenalectomy ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

We have tested the hypothesis that unilateral adrenalectomy results in decreased glucocorticoid secretion, reflexly elevated ACTH secretion, and consequently, compensatory adrenal growth. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone and right adrenal weight were measured during the first 10 days after left adrenalectomy or sham adrenalectomy in young male rats. There is a decrease in plasma corticosterone after unilateral adrenalectomy compared to sham adrenalectomy that persists for 1 h. ACTH is elevated only at 2 h after unilateral adrenalectomy compared to shamoperated rats. Treatment with dexamethasone, shown to abolish the ACTH and corticosterone responses to laparotomy with intestinal traction, resulted in significantly increased adrenal weight after unilateral adrenalectomy by 6 h (wet or dry weight), and at 24 h. Compensatory adrenal growth also occurs after unilateral adrenalectomy in hypophysectomized rats (wet or dry weight). We conclude the compensatory adrenal growth after unilateral adrenalectomy requires neither a virtual decrease in circulating corticosterone levels nor elevated ACTH levels, and speculate that the phenomenon is neurally mediated.

STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF OESTROGENS ON THE PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION IN THE MALE RAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-748
Author(s):  
Torsten Perklev
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT A single injection of a long-acting oestrogen, polydiethylstilboestrol phosphate (PSP; 200 μg/100 g body weight), into adult male rats caused an enlargement of the adrenal glands and an approximate doubling of total adrenal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-OHD) activity and plasma corticosterone concentration in animals sacrificed 11 to 14 days following injection. The administration of interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) of human origin or a long-acting testosterone ester (Andradurin®) into the PSP-treated animals partially or completely counteracted the effects of the PSP treatment on adrenal weight and 3β-OHD activity. Daily injections of corticotrophin (ACTH) into intact male rats for 7 days caused a significant rise in the adrenal 3β-OHD activity. Gonadectomy of male rats resulted in increased adrenal weights and elevated adrenal 3β-OHD activity. The plasma corticosterone concentration was unaffected. PSP treatment significantly augmented the effects of the gonadectomy on the adrenal weight and 3β-OHD activity and caused an elevated plasma corticosteroid concentration. The adrenal enlargement following gonadectomy was completely reversed by testosterone replacement but was not influenced by daily injections of ICSH. The data are interpreted as suggesting that the oestrogen-induced hyper-secretion of ACTH in the male rat may be mediated through an elevated activity of the corticosteroid-binding globulin, caused by a reduced plasma testosterone level and a stimulated thyroid activity.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF PITUITARY AND PLASMA CORTICOTROPHIN AND PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE IN ADRENALECTOMIZED AND STRESSED, ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA C. BUCKINGHAM ◽  
J. R. HODGES
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Small Rise ◽  
Acth Concentration ◽  
Corticosterone Treatment ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

SUMMARY Changes in pituitary and plasma corticotrophin (ACTH), estimated by redox bioassay, were correlated with changes in plasma corticosterone in adrenalectomized rats, with and without corticosterone treatment, before and after exposure to stress. After adrenalectomy, the plasma ACTH concentration was persistently increased. The pituitary ACTH content declined and then increased markedly. These changes were prevented by physiological doses of corticosteroids. Stress caused only a small rise in the plasma ACTH concentration in intact and sham-operated rats but a marked increase in adrenalectomized animals. This exaggerated response was reduced to normal by physiological doses of corticosterone. Prolonged treatment with higher doses of corticosterone was necessary to abolish completely the adrenocorticotrophic response to stress. However, one injection of the steroid, in a dose sufficient to raise the plasma corticosterone concentration to a similar level, did not impair the stress-induced release of ACTH. The results suggest that the synthesis and the basal release of ACTH are directly controlled by the concentration of corticosteroid in the blood, but the corticosteroids exert only a delayed effect in modulating the stress-induced release of the hormone.

scholarly journals Corticosterone Levels in the Brain Show a Distinct Ultradian Rhythm but a Delayed Response to Forced Swim Stress

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (7) ◽  
pp. 3244-3253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne K. Droste ◽  
Lotte de Groote ◽  
Helen C. Atkinson ◽  
Stafford L. Lightman ◽  
Johannes M. H. M. Reul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultradian Rhythm ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Rapid Sampling ◽  
The Brain

Circulating corticosterone levels show an ultradian rhythm resulting from the pulsatile release of glucocorticoid hormone by the adrenal cortex. Because the pattern of hormone availability to corticosteroid receptors is of functional significance, it is important to determine whether there is also a pulsatile pattern of corticosterone concentration within target tissues such as the brain. Furthermore, it is unclear whether measurements of plasma corticosterone levels accurately reflect corticosterone levels in the brain. Given that the hippocampus is a principal site of glucocorticoid action, we investigated in male rats hippocampal extracellular corticosterone concentrations under baseline and stress conditions using rapid-sampling in vivo microdialysis. We found that hippocampal extracellular corticosterone concentrations show a distinct circadian and ultradian rhythm. The PULSAR algorithm revealed that the pulse frequency of hippocampal corticosterone is 1.03 ± 0.07 pulses/h between 0900 and 1500 h and is significantly higher between 1500 and 2100 h (1.31 ± 0.05). The hippocampal corticosterone response to stress is stressor dependent but resumes a normal ultradian pattern rapidly after the termination of the stress response. Similar observations were made in the caudate putamen. Importantly, simultaneous measurements of plasma and hippocampal glucocorticoid levels showed that under stress conditions corticosterone in the brain peaks 20 min later than in plasma but clears concurrently, resulting in a smaller exposure of the brain to stress-induced hormone than would be predicted by plasma hormone concentrations. These data are the first to demonstrate that the ultradian rhythm of corticosterone is maintained over the blood-brain barrier and that tissue responses cannot be reliably predicted from the measurement of plasma corticosterone levels.

Nycterohemeral difference in inhibition of stress-induced ACTH in adrenalectomized rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. E186-E189 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Wilson ◽  
S. E. Greer ◽  
M. A. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Acth Secretion ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Feedback Suppression ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

To determine the interactions among the determinants of ACTH secretion, we examined the influence of circadian rhythmicity on glucocorticoid suppression of ACTH. Adrenalectomized rats were injected with the same amount of corticosterone at 0900 and 1800 h, and plasma ACTH concentrations were determined under basal conditions and after a standard ether stress. At 0900 h, corticosterone suppressed both basal and stress-induced plasma ACTH concentrations. At 1800 h, the same treatment suppressed basal ACTH secretion but not the stress-induced rise. Although the same amount of corticosterone was injected at both times of day, the plasma corticosterone concentration 5 min after injection was higher at 1800 h than at 0900 h. This study indicates that there is a nycterohemeral difference in feedback suppression of stress-induced ACTH secretion by a given dose of corticosterone. The daily variation in feedback inhibition may be due to the additive effect of the evening surge stimulus and the stress stimulus that together override the feedback signal.

Differential role of glucocorticoids in mediating endotoxin-induced changes in IGF-I and IGFBP-1

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. R1990-R1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Li ◽  
J. Fan ◽  
C. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ru 486 ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Igf Binding Protein

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endogenous elevations in glucocorticoids mediate the changes in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) 1 levels in plasma and tissues observed after in vivo administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In overnight-fasted male rats LPS injected via the tail vein decreased the IGF-I concentration in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle (30-45%) and increased IGF-I content in kidney (approximately 3-fold). LPS also decreased IGF-I mRNA abundance in liver and muscle and increased gene expression in kidney. Concomitantly, IGFBP-1 levels in plasma, liver, and muscle were markedly elevated by LPS. All these changes were associated with a greater than fourfold elevation in plasma corticosterone. Pretreatment of rats with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-486 completely prevented or blunted the LPS-induced changes in IGF-I content in plasma, liver, muscle, and kidney. In liver and muscle RU-486 significantly attenuated the reduction in IGF-I mRNA abundance produced by LPS, but in kidney the LPS-induced increase in IGF-I mRNA was still evident. In contrast, pretreatment with RU-486 did not prevent or attenuate the LPS-induced increase in IGFBP-1 levels in plasma, liver, or muscle. These data suggest that glucocorticoids play a major role in regulating IGF-I mRNA and peptide content in tissues in response to LPS, but the increased IGFBP-1 in blood and tissues induced by LPS appears largely glucocorticoid independent.

EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE ON PITUITARY CORTICOTROPHIN AND ADRENAL STEROID SECRETION IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian I. Kitay
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Adrenal Steroidogenesis ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT Administration of a depot testosterone preparation to male and female rats resulted in no change in body or pituitary weight in either sex. Pituitary corticotrophin content was unaltered in male animals but was reduced in females. Adrenal weights and adrenal RNA and DNA contents were decreased in both sexes. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were unaffected in males but were reduced in female rats after stress or corticotrophin injection. Hepatic reduction of ring A in vitro and biological half-life of corticosterone in vivo were unchanged in male animals but impaired in females. Testosterone administration to intact male rats significantly increased adrenal steroidogenesis measured in vitro. A significant decrease in steroid production was found in intact females but increased steroidogenesis was observed in adrenals from testosterone-treated oophorectomized animals. No effect was obtained following addition of testosterone directly in vitro. The data suggest that testosterone leads both to diminution of corticotrophin secretion and enhancement of adrenal steroid secretory capacity. In intact female rats, these effects are complicated by suppression of oestrogen secretion, the effects of which have been reported previously.

EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE ON ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONE SECRETION IN NORMAL AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERTHA SINGER ◽  
CARINE LOSITO ◽  
SHEILA SALMON
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Corticosterone Secretion ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Adrenocortical Hormone

SUMMARY In intact male rats fed on a normal diet, the subcutaneous administration of progesterone for 4·5 days resulted in a significant increase in the aldosterone secretion rate and a significant decrease in the corticosterone secretion rate as measured by the secretion of these hormones into adrenal vein blood of anaesthetized animals. In hypophysectomized rats the administration of progesterone for 5·5 days resulted in a significant increase in aldosterone secretion and a small, non-significant, decrease in the rate of corticosterone secretion. It is concluded that progesterone may influence the rate of secretion of aldosterone in pregnancy and that the mechanism by which this is achieved probably does not involve the pituitary gland.

HYPOTHALAMIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR AND CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASING ACTIVITY IN RELATION TO PITUITARY AND PLASMA HORMONE LEVELS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON A. CHIAPPA ◽  
G. FINK
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding Assay ◽  
Animal House

SUMMARY Hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing (CR) activity and LH-releasing factor (RF) content, and pituitary and plasma LH, FSH and ACTH were measured in adult male and female Wistar rats maintained under 14 h light per day. Hypothalamic LH-RF and pituitary and plasma hormones were estimated by radioimmunoassay while CR-activity was assessed by the amount of ACTH released from hemipituitaries in vitro. Two experiments were carried out on male animals. In the first, some of the animals were kept in a room, distant from the animal house, in which the lighting was reversed with respect to the external environment. In animals exposed to the reversed lighting régime, hypothalamic LH-RF content and pituitary gonadotrophin concentrations were significantly lower than the values in male rats kept in the animal house where they were in close proximity to female rats. In the second experiment, which was carried out on animals which had all been kept in the animal house, there were no significant differences between the LH-RF contents measured at 3–4 h intervals throughout the day. Pituitary LH and FSH contents, but not concentrations, were significantly increased at 12.00 h. There was little difference between the experiments in CR-activity, plasma ACTH concentrations and profiles of pituitary ACTH content and concentration. As expected there was a diurnal rhythm in plasma corticosterone concentrations (determined by competitive protein-binding assay) with the peak occurring between 15.00 and 18.00 h. The profiles of plasma and pituitary ACTH were similar to that of plasma corticosterone. Corticotrophin releasing activity dropped significantly between 12.00 and 16.00 h, but remained steady at the other times.

Effect of Hippocampal Stimulation on the Plasma Thyrotropin (THS) and Corticosterone Responses to Acute Cold Exposure in the Rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Dupont ◽  
Edouard Bastarache ◽  
Elemer Endröczi ◽  
Claude Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Hippocampal Stimulation ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Corticosterone Response ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Stimulation Of

Seven days after the stereotaxic implantation of a bipolar electrode in the gyrus dentatus of the hippocampus of adult male rats, exposure to cold (20 min at −5 °C) increased both plasma TSH and corticosterone concentrations, whereas exposure in association with a minor environmental disturbance (presence of an observer) suppressed the TSH response to cold and enhanced the corticosterone response. Concurrent stimulation of the hippocampus with monophasic square waves of 1.3–1.5 V, 10 c.p.s., and 0.1 ms duration was found to restore the TSH response to cold and to inhibit the secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (as reflected by the plasma corticosterone concentration). These findings suggest that the concurrent stimulation of ACTH release and inhibition of TSH secretion induced by nonspecific stress are possibly related to depressed hippocampal activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document