Ingestive responses to administration of stress hormones in baboons

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. R10-R18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Shade ◽  
J. R. Blair-West ◽  
K. D. Carey ◽  
L. J. Madden ◽  
R. S. Weisinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Sodium Appetite ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Ingestive Behaviors

Experimental stress and the administration of the stress hormone ACTH have been reported to stimulate sodium appetite in many nonprimate species. Experiments were conducted to determine whether prolonged intracerebroventricular infusions of the neuropeptides corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin (Ucn), or systemic administration of ACTH, affected ingestive behaviors in a nonhuman primate, the baboon. Intracerebroventricular infusions of CRF or Ucn significantly decreased daily food intake. The decrease with Ucn continued into the postinfusion period. These infusions did not alter daily water intake. Daily voluntary intake of 300 mM NaCl solution was not increased, and there was evidence of reductions on days 2- 4 of the infusions. Intramuscular injections of porcine ACTH or synthetic ACTH (Synacthen) for 5 days did not affect daily NaCl intake, although the doses were sufficient to increase cortisol secretion and arterial blood pressure. Sodium depletion by 3 days of furosemide injections did induce a characteristic sodium appetite in the same baboons. These results demonstrate the anorexigenic action of CRF and Ucn in this primate. Also, CRF, Ucn, and ACTH did not stimulate sodium appetite at the doses used.

Angiotensin and salt appetite of BALB/c mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. R729-R735 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Denton ◽  
J. R. Blair-West ◽  
M. McBurnie ◽  
P. G. Osborne ◽  
E. Tarjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Sodium Appetite ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Ingestive Behaviors

The influence of systemic or intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of angiotensin II on the intakes of NaCl solution, water, and food was investigated in BALB/c mice. Systemic administration of angiotensin II had little, if any, influence on these ingestive behaviors. On the other hand, icv infusion of angiotensin II at 70 ng/day increased (P less than 0.05) intakes of NaCl solution and water by the third day of infusion. The amount of NaCl ingested daily during the infusion was two to three times body sodium content. The mean daily water intake increased to 40-60% of body weight. The vast increase in NaCl intake was not secondary to a natriuresis caused by the icv infusion of angiotensin II. The results suggest that angiotensin II has a direct effect on neural systems involved in sodium appetite in this species.

Regulatory and secondary water intake in rats with lesions of the zona incerta

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Evered ◽  
GJ Mogenson
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Zona Incerta ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Daily Water

Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the zona incerta (ZI) permanently reduced daily water intake of rats by 20-30%. Lesioned rats did not differ from controls in daily food intake, body weight, hematocrit, or serum osmolality, Na+ or K+ levels. The hypodipsia was not caused by changes in water requirements or excretory function or by a nonspecific depression of behavior. Compensatory reductions in water losses maintained fluid balance. Lesioned rats drank as much water as controls in response to intracellular and extracellular dehydration, but unlike controls, appeared to restrict their daily water intake to these regulatory responses. Lesions of the ZI attenuated the ingestion of extra water observed when rats were maintained on a liquid diet adequate to meet fluid requirements, and daily water intake of lesioned but not control rats closely followed changes in water needs. It was concluded that lesions of the ZI reduce daily water intake towards minimal requirements for fluid balance by attenuating secondary drinking (drinking independent of water needs for fluid homeostasis.

scholarly journals TOXIC EFFECTS OF LARGE DOSE OF QUASSIN IN NORMAL AND DEPRIVED MICROFLORA RAT GROUPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Duraid A.Abbas ◽  
O.M.S. Al—Shaha,
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Control Food Intake ◽  
Intake Water

Eighteen rats were divided into three equal groups. The first group was closed orally with quassin, the second group was dosed with quassin after the gut flora were suppressed by difierent antibiotics, and the third group was served as a control. Food intake, water intake, and change in body weight were measured daily before dosing, during two weeks of dosing, and during one week after stopping dosing. Two eats from each group were killed at the end of each week, and stomach, liver, and kidney were collected for histopathologic examination. The results show a significant decline in daily food intake and daily change in body weight, and a significant increase in daily water intake in both dosed groups during the dosing period. Microscopic lesions were seen in the kidneys of both dosed rats group killed at the end of first and second week

Disorder of salivary secretion in inbred polydipsic mouse

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. R817-R823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Hamada ◽  
Kiyotoshi Inenaga ◽  
Shuichi Nakamura ◽  
Masamichi Terashita ◽  
Hiroshi Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Inbred Strain ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water

To find mechanisms of an extreme polydipsia in an inbred strain of mice, STR/N, this study was undertaken using Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice as a control. During food deprivation, daily water intake of both strains decreased. The decrement in the STR/N mice was larger than that in the ICR mice. During dehydration, daily food intake of the STR/N mice was smaller than that of the ICR mice. These data indicate that prandial drinking was more severely affected for the STR/N mice. Under anesthesia, the stimulated salivary secretion by pilocarpine of the STR/N mice was significantly smaller than that of the ICR mice. The submandibular gland of the STR/N mice was lighter and harder than that of the ICR mice. After desalivation from the major three salivary glands, the ICR mice drank as much as the STR/N mice. Young STR/N mice with undeveloped polydipsia did not show different salivary secretion stimulated by pilocarpine from the young ICR mice. These findings indicate a dysfunction with age in the salivary glands of the STR/N mice, and they suggest that the decreased saliva induces thirst and triggers extraordinary drinking in the polydipsic mice.

scholarly journals The influence of stress hormones and aggression on cooperative behaviour in subordinate meerkats

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1863) ◽  
pp. 20171248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Dantzer ◽  
Ines Braga Goncalves ◽  
Helen C. Spence-Jones ◽  
Nigel C. Bennett ◽  
Michael Heistermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Suricata Suricatta

In cooperative breeders, aggression from dominant breeders directed at subordinates may raise subordinate stress hormone (glucocorticoid) concentrations. This may benefit dominants by suppressing subordinate reproduction but it is uncertain whether aggression from dominants can elevate subordinate cooperative behaviour, or how resulting changes in subordinate glucocorticoid concentrations affect their cooperative behaviour. We show here that the effects of manipulating glucocorticoid concentrations in wild meerkats ( Suricata suricatta ) on cooperative behaviour varied between cooperative activities as well as between the sexes. Subordinates of both sexes treated with a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (mifepristone) exhibited significantly more pup protection behaviour (babysitting) compared to those treated with glucocorticoids (cortisol) or controls. Females treated with mifepristone had a higher probability of exhibiting pup food provisioning (pup-feeding) compared to those treated with cortisol. In males, there were no treatment effects on the probability of pup-feeding, but those treated with cortisol gave a higher proportion of the food they found to pups than those treated with mifepristone. Using 19 years of behavioural data, we also show that dominant females did not increase the frequency with which they directed aggression at subordinates at times when the need for assistance was highest. Our results suggest that it is unlikely that dominant females manipulate the cooperative behaviour of subordinates through the effects of aggression on their glucocorticoid levels and that the function of aggression directed at subordinates is probably to reduce the probability they will breed.

A Randomized Pilot Study of Rhythm-Based Music with Movement Strategies on Stress and Interaction Behaviors of Infant Caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Kamile Geist ◽  
Peggy Zoccola ◽  
Nathan Andary ◽  
Eugene Geist ◽  
Godwin Dogbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interaction Behaviors

Consistent, prolonged, and nurturing interactions of a primary caregiver with an infant is necessary for optimal development of the infant. Lowering parental stress can promote positive caregiver-infant social interaction behaviors. Studies show that when caregivers use rhythm-based music and movement strategies during interactions with their infants, non-verbal communication, mutual attunement, and self-reported stress levels improve. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine caregiver benefits (stress hormones and positive interaction behaviors) when learning rhythm-based music with movement strategies while interacting with their infant. This was achieved through randomization of caregiver/infant dyads to a treatment (instructional intervention) or control condition with no instruction. Significantly lower salivary cortisol levels and lower salivary cortisol/DHEA ratio values pre-post were observed for the treatment condition as compared to control. These findings suggest that learning and using rhythm-based music and movement interventions are promising for lowering stress in caregivers. The impact of the intervention with families at risk due to stress-related environmental factors should be further investigated. In addition, observing social emotional behaviors and stress hormone levels of the infant is suggested.

Angiotensin II-induced thirst, but not sodium appetite, via AT1 receptors in organum cavum prelamina terminalis

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. R1401-R1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. el Ghissassi ◽  
S. N. Thornton ◽  
S. Nicolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
At1 Receptors ◽  
Sodium Appetite ◽  
Specific Antagonist

The angiotensin receptor specificity, with respect to fluid intake, of the organum cavum prelamina terminalis (OCPLT), a recently discovered discrete forebrain structure with high sensitivity to angiotensin II (ANG II), was investigated. ANG II (10 ng) microinjected into the OCPLT significantly increased water consumption but did not induce intake of a hypertonic (3%) NaCl solution. Losartan, an ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor-specific antagonist, produced dose-related (1-100 ng) inhibition of ANG II-induced drinking. The ANG II type 2 receptor-specific antagonist CGP-42112A was ineffective. Intake of the 3% NaCl solution in response to microinjection of either of the antagonists into the OCPLT was never observed. These findings suggest that water intake produced by microinjection of ANG II into the OCPLT is mediated by AT1 receptors uniquely and that, in contrast to other regions of the brain, these receptors do not induce salt intake when stimulated by ANG II.

Self-reported quantity of daily water intake and urine output in healthy young

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
İnsaf Altun ◽  
Nursan Dede Çınar ◽  
Mağfiret Kara Kaşıkçı
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water

Calculation method for daily water intake components using doubly labeled water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Daiki Watanabe ◽  
Hiroyuki Sagayama ◽  
Aya Itoi ◽  
Tsukasa Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Metabolic Water

Abstract Daily water intake (DWI) is essential for survival in humans; however, accurate assessment of DWI from drinks and beverages (Wdrinks) or food moisture (Wfoods) is difficult as it depends on self-reported intakes that are prone to inaccuracy. Here, we established an objective method to assess DWI components using doubly labeled water (DLW). Deuterium and H218O were orally administered, and the dilution space and elimination rate of 2H and 18O were measured. DWI was calculated from the deuterium turnover corrected for metabolic water production and insensible water absorption from humidity. Wfoods was estimated using dietary record (Wfoods-DR) or calculated from the total energy expenditure assessed by DLW (Wfoods-DLW). The current results underscore Wfoods-DR underestimation using self-reported dietary assessments, which underestimates food intake. This study proposes novel methods for calculating each DWI component using DLW.

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