Field use of D2 18O to measure energy expenditure of soldiers at different energy intakes

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1922-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. DeLany ◽  
D. A. Schoeller ◽  
R. W. Hoyt ◽  
E. W. Askew ◽  
M. A. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ad Libitum

To test the application of doubly labeled water under adverse field conditions, energy expenditures of 16 special operations soldiers were measured during a 28-day field training exercise. Subjects were matched by fat-free mass and divided equally between an ad libitum ready-to-eat meal diet and a 2,000 kcal/day lightweight ration. Subjects recorded intakes daily, and body composition was measured before and after the exercise. At the beginning of the study, subjects moved to a new northerly location and, therefore, a new water supply. To compensate for this, a group of soldiers who did not receive heavy water was followed to measure isotopic base-line changes. Energy expenditure by doubly labeled water was in agreement with intake/balance (3,400 +/- 260 vs. 3,230 +/- 520 kcal/day). The overall coefficient of variation of energy expenditure by doubly labeled water was half that of intake/balance (7.6 vs. 16.1%). The coefficient of variation of repeat measures with doubly labeled water was 7.3%. Energy expenditure of the ready-to-eat meal group, 3,540 +/- 180 kcal/day, was not significantly different from the lightweight ration group, 3,330 +/- 301 kcal/day. Doubly labeled water was valid under field conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of body composition on physical activity validation studies using doubly labeled water

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Mâsse ◽  
Janet E. Fulton ◽  
Kathleen L. Watson ◽  
Matthew T. Mahar ◽  
Michael C. Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Methods Comparison ◽  
Statistical Procedures

This study investigated the influence of two approaches (mathematical transformation and statistical procedures), used to account for body composition [body mass or fat-free mass (FFM)], on associations between two measures of physical activity and energy expenditure determined by doubly labeled water (DLW). Complete data for these analyses were available for 136 African American (44.1%) and Hispanic (55.9%) women (mean age 50 ± 7.3 yr). Total energy expenditure (TEE) by DLW was measured over 14 days. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) was computed as 0.90 × TEE - resting metabolic rate. During week 2, participants wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days and completed a 7-day diary. Pearson's product-moment correlations and three statistical procedures (multiple regressions, partial correlations, and allometric scaling) were used to assess the effect of body composition on associations. The methods-comparison analysis was used to study the effect of body composition on agreement. The statistical procedures demonstrated that associations improved when body composition was included in the model. The accelerometer explained a small but meaningful portion of the variance in TEE and PAEE after body mass was accounted for. The methods-comparison analysis confirmed that agreement with DLW was affected by the transformation. Agreement between the diary (transformed with body mass) and TEE reflected the association that exists between body mass and TEE. These results suggest that the accelerometer and diary accounted for a small portion of TEE and PAEE. Most of the variance in DLW-measured energy expenditure was explained by body mass or FFM.

scholarly journals Reduced Albumin Concentration Predicts Weight Gain and Higher Ad Libitum Energy Intake in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Basolo ◽  
Takafumi Ando ◽  
Douglas C. Chang ◽  
Tim Hollstein ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Intake Regulation

ObjectiveCirculating albumin is negatively associated with adiposity but whether it is associated with increased energy intake, lower energy expenditure or weight gain has not been examined.MethodsIn study 1 (n=238; 146 men), we evaluated whether fasting albumin concentration was associated with 24-h energy expenditure and ad libitum energy intake. In study 2 (n=325;167 men), we evaluated the association between plasma albumin and change in weight and body composition.ResultsAfter adjustment for known determinants of energy intake lower plasma albumin concentration was associated with greater total daily energy intake (β= 89.8 kcal/day per 0.1 g/dl difference in plasma albumin, p=0.0047). No associations were observed between plasma albumin concentrations and 24-h energy expenditure or 24-h respiratory quotient (p>0.2). Over 6 years, volunteers gained on average 7.5 ± 11.7 kg (p<0.0001). Lower albumin concentrations were associated with greater weight [β=3.53 kg, p=0.039 (adjusted for age, sex, follow up time), CI 0.16 to 6.21 per 1 g/dl difference albumin concentration] and fat mass (β=2.3 kg, p=0.022), respectively, but not with changes in fat free mass (p=0.06).ConclusionsLower albumin concentrations were associated with increased ad libitum food intake and weight gain, indicating albumin as a marker of energy intake regulation.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifiers NCT00340132, NCT00342732.

Thermogenic effect of thyroid hormones: interactions with epinephrine and insulin.

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. E305
Author(s):  
V Piolino ◽  
K J Acheson ◽  
M J Müller ◽  
N Jeanprêtre ◽  
A G Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Basal Plasma

The interactions between thyroid hormones, epinephrine, and insulin in the regulation of energy expenditure were investigated in a group of healthy young men before and after thyroxine (T4) treatment (300 micrograms/day for 14 days) at basal plasma insulin concentrations and during hypoinsulinemia with and without epinephrine infusion (0.05 micrograms.kg fat-free mass-1.min-1). T4 treatment induced moderate hyperthyroidism and increased resting energy expenditure (RMR). The effect was more pronounced during short-term hypoinsulinemia, but hypoinsulinemia by itself did not influence RMR. Epinephrine infusion caused a significant increase in energy expenditure. The effect was most pronounced at hypoinsulinemia and with T4 treatment. Hypoinsulinemia and T4 treatment were not additive in their effects. We conclude that basal insulin concentrations mask some of the thermogenic effects of thyroid hormones and epinephrine. Thus insulin antagonism may suppress some of the thermogenic actions of thyroid hormones and epinephrine.

scholarly journals Energy metabolism in sedentary and active 49- to 70-yr-old women

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Withers ◽  
D. A. Smith ◽  
R. C. Tucker ◽  
M. Brinkman ◽  
D. G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living State

This study examined differences between long-term exercising (LE) and long-term nonexercising (LNE) women [ n = 24; age 56.4 ± 6.2 (SD) yr] for resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure in the free-living state by using doubly labeled water (DLW). There was a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.0002) between the 12 LE (94.85 ± 8.44 kJ ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1) and 12 LNE (81.16 ± 6.62 kJ ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1) for RMR, but this difference was only marginally significant ( P = 0.06) when the data (MJ/day) were subjected to an analysis of covariance with fat-free mass as the covariate. The DLW data indicated that the eight most active LE (12.99 ± 3.58 MJ/day) expended significantly ( P = 0.01) more energy than did the eight least active LNE (9.30 ± 1.15 MJ/day). Energy expenditures ranged from 7.64 to 18.15 MJ/day, but there was no difference ( P = 0.96) between the LE and LNE in energy expenditure during activity that was not designed to either improve or maintain fitness. These cross-sectional data on 49- to 70-yr-old women therefore suggest that 1) aerobic-type training results in a greater RMR per unit of body mass and also when statistical control is exerted for the effect of the metabolically active fat-free mass, 2) there is a large range in the energy intake necessary to maintain energy balance, and 3) aerobic training does not result in a compensatory reduction in energy expenditure during the remainder of the day.

scholarly journals Resting energy expenditure in obese women: comparison between measured and estimated values

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 1306-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Fadanelli Schoenardie Poli ◽  
Ricardo Badan Sanches ◽  
Amanda dos Santos Moraes ◽  
João Pedro Novo Fidalgo ◽  
Maythe Amaral Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Interdisciplinary Therapy ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Resting Energy

AbstractAssessing energy requirements is a fundamental activity in clinical dietetic practice. The aim of this study was to investigate which resting energy expenditure (REE) predictive equations are the best alternatives to indirect calorimetry before and after an interdisciplinary therapy in Brazilian obese women. In all, twelve equations based on weight, height, sex, age, fat-free mass and fat mass were tested. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. The interdisciplinary therapy consisted of nutritional, physical exercise, psychological and physiotherapy support during the course of 1 year. The average differences between measured and predicted REE, as well as the accuracy at the ±10 % level, were evaluated. Statistical analysis included paired t tests, intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland–Altman plots. Validation was based on forty obese women (BMI 30–39·9 kg/m2). Our major findings demonstrated a wide variation in the accuracy of REE predictive equations before and after weight loss in non-morbid, obese women. The equations reported by Harris–Benedict and FAO/WHO/United Nations University (UNU) were the only ones that did not show significant differences compared with indirect calorimetry and presented a bias <5 %. The Harris–Benedict equation provided 40 and 47·5 % accurate predictions before and after therapy, respectively. The FAO equation provided 35 and 47·5 % accurate predictions. However, the Bland–Altman analysis did not show good agreement between these equations and indirect calorimetry. Therefore, the Harris–Benedict and FAO/WHO/UNU equations should be used with caution for obese women. The need to critically re-assess REE data and generate regional and more homogeneous REE databases for the target population is reinforced.

Doubly labeled water measurement of human energy expenditure during exercise at high altitude

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. R966-R971 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Hoyt ◽  
T. E. Jones ◽  
C. J. Baker-Fulco ◽  
D. A. Schoeller ◽  
R. B. Schoene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Measurement ◽  
Body Energy

Estimates of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by the doubly labeled water (DLW, 2H(2)18O) and intake balance (I-B) methods were compared in six male soldiers studied over 6 days that included 5 days of strenuous winter exercise at 2,500- to 3,100-m elevation. Use of body energy stores [-9.54 +/- 1.54 (SD) MJ/day or -2,280 +/- 368 kcal/day] was estimated from changes in body weight, body density (hydrodensitometry), and total body water (H(2)18O dilution). The subjects wore computerized activity monitors and kept daily records of ration consumption (9.87 +/- 3.60 MJ/day or 2,359 +/- 860 kcal/day). Accuracy of individual DLW and I-B TDEE values was estimated from the correlations of TDEE with fat-free mass (FFM) or total weight (body wt + load). The DLW and I-B estimates of TDEE differed by -12.0 to 15.2% but provided comparable estimates of group mean TDEE (DLW = 19.07 +/- 2.37 MJ/day or 4,558 +/- 566 kcal/day; I-B = 19.41 +/- 3.72 MJ/day or 4,639 +/- 889 kcal/day; P > 0.05). The DLW TDEE was correlated with both FFM (r2 = 0.89, P < 0.01, power = 0.95) and total weight (r2 = 0.95, P < 0.01, power = 0.99), whereas I-B TDEE was correlated only with total weight (r2 = 0.75, P < 0.03, power = 0.81). Under adverse field conditions the DLW method provided individual TDEE estimates that were probably more accurate than those provided by the I-B method.

Energy expenditure in children of lean and obese parents

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (5) ◽  
pp. E917-E924 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Goran ◽  
W. H. Carpenter ◽  
A. McGloin ◽  
R. Johnson ◽  
J. M. Hardin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Children Obesity ◽  
Activity Energy

We evaluated whether children of obese parents have defects in energy expenditure in a study of 73 children (5 +/- 0.9 yr of age) of lean and obese parents. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured over 14 days by use of doubly labeled water and physical activity energy expenditure (AEE) derived by subtracting resting energy expenditure (REE) under postprandial conditions. Fat and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured in children and parents with use of bioelectrical resistance. There were no significant correlations between TEE, REE, or AEE in children (after adjustment for FFM) and body fat in children or body fat in mothers or fathers. In three-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA, with FFM as a covariate), there were no significant effects of gender in children, obesity in mothers, or obesity in fathers on TEE or AEE in children. There was a significant effect of gender and a significant interaction between obesity in mothers and obesity in fathers on REE; relative to children with two nonobese or two obese parents, REE was approximately 6% lower in children when mothers only or fathers only were obese. In conclusion, our data do not support the hypothesis that children of obese parents have major defects in energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Validity of Two Questionnaires and Two Prediction Equations for Estimating Total Energy Expenditure in Healthy Adults: A Doubly Labeled Water Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1175-1175
Author(s):  
Megan McCrory ◽  
Hannah Bernard ◽  
Owen Maroney ◽  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
Susan Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Bod Pod

Abstract Objectives The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard for assessing total energy expenditure (TEE), but is costly. Questionnaires and prediction equations for TEE are nearly cost-free but research on their validity is scarce. We evaluated the validity of TEE assessed by two questionnaires and two prediction equations in comparison with TEE assessed by DLW. Based on previous work, we hypothesized that the questionnaires would be valid at a group level, and that the prediction equations would be valid at an individual level. Methods Data from a 10-d observational study in 124 healthy, nonsmoking adults were used (63% F, aged 29.8 ± 12.2 y, BMI 24.5 ± 3.9 kg/m2 (Mean ± SD)). TEE was measured by DLW using a mixed oral 2H218O dose containing 0.15 g 2H218O and 0.07 g of 2H2O per kg body weight. Analysis of urine samples and calculations of TEE were carried out using standard methodology. TEE was estimated from the 7-day Physical Activity Recall (7dPAR; Sallis et al. 1985), the Block Work and Home Survey (BWHS; Block et al. 2009), Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) equations for estimated energy requirements of adults with normal weight or overweight/obesity (IOM 2005), and the BOD POD air displacement plethysmograph. 7dPAR TEE was estimated by multiplying MET-min/day with resting metabolic rate estimated from DRI basal energy expenditure equations. The BOD POD measured body composition by densitometry and TEE was estimated from fat-free mass and fat mass (Nelson et al. 1992) and an activity factor (WHO 1985). Results TEE values were 2430 ± 535 (DLW), 2375 ± 445 (7dPAR), 2407 ± 750 (BWHS), 2335 ± 388 (DRI), 2134 ± 439 (BOD POD) kcal/d (Mean ± SD), with DRI and BOD POD significantly lower than DLW (P &lt;0.01). Mean ± 2SD limits of agreement (kcal/d) between DLW and 7dPAR (−766, 877) and BWHS (−1420, 1468) were wider than those between DLW and DRI (−630, 822) and BOD POD (−463, 1057). The R2 and SEE of the method associations with DLW ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 and 264 to 688 kcal/d, respectively (all P = 0.000). Conclusions The 7dPAR and BWHS were valid for estimating TEE at a group level. While the DRI and BOD POD equations were more accurate at estimating TEE of individuals, none of the tools are recommended for individual assessment of TEE due to their low R2 and wide Bland-Altman limits of agreement with DLW. Funding Sources NIH R01 DK075862 and Purdue University.

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