Effect of arterial blood pressure and ventilation gases on cardiac depression induced by coronary air embolism

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1896-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. van Blankenstein ◽  
C. J. Slager ◽  
L. K. Soei ◽  
H. Boersma ◽  
P. D. Verdouw
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Regional Myocardial Function ◽  
Cardiac Depression ◽  
Arterial Blood

In this study the time course of cardiac depression after selective intracoronary injection of air bubbles was investigated in six anesthetized pigs (30 +/- 2 kg) with different mixtures of ventilation gases and different mean arterial blood pressures (MAP). Air bubbles of 150 microns diam were injected into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) in a volume of 2 microliters/kg body wt. In each animal an injection of air bubbles was applied during ventilation with N2-O2 and a MAP of 77 +/- 3 mmHg (N2-O2/low pressure) or 111 +/- 3 mmHg (N2-O2/high pressure) and during ventilation with pure O2 and a MAP of 77 +/- 3 mmHg (O2/low pressure) or 110 +/- 3 mmHg (O2/high pressure). Systemic hemodynamic variables such as left ventricular pressure, its peak first derivatives, and MAP changed < 10% after injection of air bubbles. During N2-O2/low pressure, systolic segment length shortening in the LADCA region (SS-LADCA) decreased from baseline and did not return to baseline within the 10 min after injection of air bubbles. During N2-O2/high pressure and O2/low pressure, SS-LADCA was decreased between 60 and 120 s, whereas for O2/high pressure this period was from 60 to 90 s. By calculating the time integral of the deviation from baseline of SS-LADCA, it could be demonstrated that the depression of regional myocardial function was less severe during O2/high pressure and O2/low pressure than during N2-O2/low pressure. We conclude that, when coronary air embolism occurs during hypertension and during ventilation with pure O2 instead of a normal N2-O2 mixture, the resulting depression of regional myocardial function is reduced.

Improvement by isosorbide dinitrate of exercise-induced regional myocardial dysfunction

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. H399-H405
Author(s):  
T. Kumada ◽  
K. P. Gallagher ◽  
M. Miller ◽  
M. McKown ◽  
F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isosorbide Dinitrate ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Regional Myocardial Function ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Coronary Obstruction ◽  
Control Exercise

Sonomicrometry was used in 10 conscious dogs to measure regional segment length and dynamic wall thickness by telemetry in a zone supplied by the left circumflex coronary artery after implantation of an ameroid constrictor. When coronary obstruction was nearly complete and collaterals had developed (24-42 days), control exercise and exercise runs after oral isosorbide dinitrate were carried out. During control runs, significant increases occurred in hemodynamic parameters, and percent shortening in normal segments increased (P < 0.01). During the repeat runs after isosorbide dinitrate, there were smaller increases in left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures and significantly reduced end-diastolic dimensions. In addition, percent wall thickening and percent segment shortening in the ischemic zone did not deteriorate significantly during exercise. In this animal model, which appears to mimic chronic single-vessel coronary heart disease, isosorbide dinitrate can prevent exercise-induced deterioration of regional myocardial function.

A two-dimensional analysis of regional myocardial function in the dog

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 920-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Nomura ◽  
Kazuhiko Nagata ◽  
Yoshihiro Futamura ◽  
Yoshiyuki Hama ◽  
Iwao Sotobata
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Myocardial Segment ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Regional Myocardial Function

The pattern of left ventricular contraction or relaxation is not uniform and also changes depending on hemodynamic states. Accordingly, the measurement of myocardial segment length only may have limitations for the analysis of regional myocardial function, and a two-dimensional analysis of regional myocardial function was developed and characterized by utilizing measurement of regional myocardial surface area on the epicardial surface. In eight anesthetized open-chest dogs, the relationship between regional myocardial function and total cardiac function was examined. The extent of the reduction of regional myocardial surface area during the ejection phase or during the systolic phase correlated more closely with stroke volume over wide ranges of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, aortic pressure, left ventricular contractility, and heart rate (r = 0.75–0.96) than the shortening of myocardial segment length alone. Thus, the results demonstrated that regional myocardial function estimated by the measurement of regional myocardial surface area represents total cardiac function more accurately than myocardial segment length over wide ranges of hemodynamic states despite the changes in the left ventricular contraction and relaxation pattern.

Abstract 2569: Tissue Doppler Imaging In The Evaluation Of Infarcted Segmental Myocardial Function In Stemi Reperfused Patients: Correlation With Myocardial Blush Grade.

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Inches ◽  
Massimo Mancone ◽  
Gennaro Sardella ◽  
Raffaele Scardala ◽  
Riccardo Colantonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Doppler Imaging ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Primary Pci ◽  
Regional Myocardial Function ◽  
Predictive Index ◽  
Myocardial Blush Grade

Background: The myocardial blush grade (MBG) during primary-PCI predicts long-term recovery of left ventricular function. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) quantitatively assess regional myocardial function by measuring systolic strain (SS). No data are available on the correlation between MBG and the infarcted segmental systolic function by TDI in STEMIpts. Methods: We evaluated 40 STEMI pts, divided in four groups (MBG 0; MBG 1; MBG 2; MBG 3) 10 pts for each goup. Primary PCI was performed according to current standard guidelines. Coronary angiograms were analyzed off-line by two expert interventional cardiologists in a blinded manner. MBG were estimated visually. Sixteen-segments model was applied and regional myocardial function was evaluated, immediately after primary PCI, by measuring SS by TDI . Only SS value in infarcted segments was correlated with the MBG. Results: No significative difference was observed between groups except for family history of CAD that was higher in MBG 2 group. Mean ejection fraction (39,1 ± 8,8%) and mean symptoms to balloon time(4.3 ± 1.6 h ) was similar in the population. 136 infarcted segments were studied by TDI. A significant direct correlation between the MBG and the SS (r=0.79; p<0.005) (Fig.1 ). We also observed a significative difference (p<0.005) between mean SS in pts with MBG ≤0 –1 (7.6 ± 2.4%) and in pts with MBG≥2–3(22.6 ± 5.2). Conclusions: Abnormal values of SS was observed in infarcted segments. The significant correlation observed between the MBG and SS may demonstrate that MBG represent an important predictive index not only of good reperfusion but also of rapid segmental function recovery; similarly an evaluation of SS after primary PCI could be useful to evaluate if primary percutaneus reperfusion has been effective or not.

Regional myocardial effects of intracoronary bradykinin in conscious dogs

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. H1266-H1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Houel ◽  
J. Su ◽  
F. Barbe ◽  
R. Choussat ◽  
B. Crozatier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Regional Myocardial Function ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamic ◽  
Systolic Wall Thickening ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study examined in conscious dogs, the coronary and regional myocardial effects of bradykinin (BK) administered by intracoronary route and their modulation by an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Eleven dogs were chronically instrumented with a left ventricular (LV) micromanometer, a circumflex coronary catheter, a flow probe, and ultrasonic crystals in the LV posterior wall. In the absence of systemic hemodynamic changes, BK (0.1-10 ng/kg i.c.) produced dose-dependent increases in coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV) and in LV posterior end-diastolic wall thickness (EDWT) but produced no change in LV regional myocardial function as assessed by LV posterior systolic wall thickening. The increases in LV EDWT and CBFV were linearly correlated. The BK B2 antagonist (HOE 140) abolished the effects of BK. Intracoronary enalaprilat (0.75 mg) extended the duration of the effect of BK on CBFV without modification of peak responses and induced a further increase in LV posterior EDWT but no change in LV regional myocardial function. Thus, in conscious dogs, the vasodilator effect of intracoronary BK alone or modulated by enalaprilat is not associated with changes in LV regional myocardial function.

scholarly journals Bacillus anthracis edema but not lethal toxin challenge in rats is associated with depressed myocardial function in hearts isolated and tested in a Langendorff system

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (12) ◽  
pp. H1592-H1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Mones Abu-Asab ◽  
Junwu Su ◽  
Ping Qiu ◽  
Jing Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lethal Toxin ◽  
Myocardial Depression ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Lv Ejection Fraction

Although direct myocardial depression has been implicated in the lethal effects of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LT), in hearts isolated from healthy rats and perfused under constant pressure, neither LT or edema toxin (ET) in typically lethal concentrations depressed myocardial function. In the present study, we challenged rats with LT and ET and performed in vivo and ex vivo heart measures. Sprague-Dawley rats infused over 24 h with LT ( n = 94), ET ( n = 99), or diluent (controls; n = 50) were studied at 8, 24, or 48 h. Compared with control rats (all survived), survival rates with LT (56.1%) and ET (37.3%) were reduced ( P < 0.0001) similarly ( P = 0.66 for LT vs. ET). LT decreased mean arterial blood pressure from 12 to 20 h ( P ≤ 0.05), whereas ET decreased it progressively throughout ( P < 0.05). On echocardiography, LT decreased left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction at 8 and 48 h but increased it at 24 h and decreased cardiac output ( P ≤ 0.05 for the time interaction or averaged over time). ET decreased systolic and diastolic volumes and increased LV ejection fraction at 24 h ( P ≤ 0.05). In isolated hearts perfused for 120 min under constant pressure, LT did not significantly alter LV systolic or developed pressures at any time point, whereas ET decreased both of these at 24 h ( P < 0.0001 initially). ET but not LT progressively increased plasma creatine phosphokinase and cardiac troponin levels ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, despite echocardiographic changes, in vivo lethal LT challenge did not produce evidence of myocardial depression in isolated rat hearts. While lethal ET challenge did depress isolated heart function, this may have resulted from prior hypotension and ischemia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document