Concentric adaptation of the left ventricle in response to controlled upper body exercise training

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip E. Gates ◽  
Keith P. George ◽  
Ian G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Upper Body Exercise

Upper body exercise has many applications to the rehabilitation and maintenance of cardiovascular health of individuals who are unable to exercise their lower body. The hemodynamic loads of upper body aerobic exercise are characterized by relatively high blood pressure and relatively low venous return. It is not clear how the left ventricle adapts to the specific hemodynamic loads associated with this form of exercise training. The purpose of this study was to measure left ventricular structure and function in previously sedentary men by using echocardiography before and after 12 wk of aerobic arm-crank exercise training ( n = 22) or a time control period ( n = 22). Arm-crank peak oxygen consumption (in ml · kg−1 · min−1) increased by 16% ( P < 0.05) after training, and significant differences ( P < 0.05) were found in wall thickness (from 0.86 to 0.99 cm) but not in left ventricular internal dimension in diastole or systole. This suggested a concentric pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy that persisted after scaling to changes in anthropometric characteristics. No differences ( P < 0.05) were found for any measurements of resting left ventricular function. We conclude that upper body aerobic exercise training results in a specific left ventricular adaptation that is characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness but no change in chamber dimension.

scholarly journals Influence of aerobic exercise training on left ventricular remodeling and neurohumoral response in patients with myocardial infarction

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Luiz De Santi ◽  
Eduardo Elias Vieira de Carvalho ◽  
Daniela Caetano Costa ◽  
Júlio César Crescêncio ◽  
André Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

Impact of Age and Aerobic Exercise Training on Conduit Artery Wall Thickness: Role of the Shear Pattern

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichiro Tanahashi ◽  
Keisei Kosaki ◽  
Yuriko Sawano ◽  
Toru Yoshikawa ◽  
Kaname Tagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Conduit Artery

scholarly journals Effects of an 8-week aerobic exercise program on plasma markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis in older overweight and obese men

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mashnafi ◽  
J. Plat ◽  
R. P. Mensink ◽  
P. J. Joris ◽  
J. P. D. Kleinloog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Link Type

Abstract Background Increased physical activity is inversely related to the risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD). In a recent systematic review, it was reported that CVD patients had an increased cholesterol absorption and a decreased synthesis as compared with control participants. As increased physical activity levels reduce CVD risk, we hypothesized that exercise training will reduce cholesterol absorption and increase endogenous cholesterol synthesis in older overweight and obese men. Methods A randomized, controlled, crossover trial was performed. Seventeen apparently healthy older overweight and obese men were randomized to start with an aerobic exercise or no-exercise control period for 8 weeks, separated by 12 weeks washout. Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC) and non-cholesterol sterol concentrations were measured at baseline, and after 4 and 8 weeks. Results The aerobic exercise program did not affect serum TC concentrations. In addition, exercise did not affect TC-standardized serum concentrations of sitosterol and cholestanol that are markers for cholesterol absorption. However, a trend for reduced TC-standardized campesterol concentrations, which is another validated marker for cholesterol absorption, was observed as compared with control. Lathosterol concentrations, reflecting cholesterol synthesis, did not differ between both periods. Conclusions Aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks did not lower serum TC concentrations in older overweight and obese men, but a trend towards a decrease in the cholesterol absorption marker campesterol was found. The cholesterol synthesis marker lathosterol did not change. Trial registration posted on www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03272061 on 7 September 2017.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise training promotes physiological cardiac remodeling involving a set of microRNAs

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (4) ◽  
pp. H543-H552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Fernandes ◽  
Valério G. Baraúna ◽  
Carlos E. Negrão ◽  
M. Ian Phillips ◽  
Edilamar M. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth And Survival

Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is an important physiological compensatory mechanism in response to chronic increase in hemodynamic overload. There are two different forms of LV hypertrophy, one physiological and another pathological. Aerobic exercise induces beneficial physiological LV remodeling. The molecular/cellular mechanisms for this effect are not totally known, and here we review various mechanisms including the role of microRNA (miRNA). Studies in the heart, have identified antihypertrophic miRNA-1, -133, -26, -9, -98, -29, -378, and -145 and prohypertrophic miRNA-143, -103, -130a, -146a, -21, -210, -221, -222, -27a/b, -199a/b, -208, -195, -499, -34a/b/c, -497, -23a, and -15a/b. Four miRNAs are recognized as cardiac-specific: miRNA-1, -133a/b, -208a/b, and -499 and called myomiRs. In our studies we have shown that miRNAs respond to swimming aerobic exercise by 1) decreasing cardiac fibrosis through miRNA-29 increasing and inhibiting collagen, 2) increasing angiogenesis through miRNA-126 by inhibiting negative regulators of the VEGF pathway, and 3) modulating the renin-angiotensin system through the miRNAs-27a/b and -143. Exercise training also increases cardiomyocyte growth and survival by swimming-regulated miRNA-1, -21, -27a/b, -29a/c, -30e, -99b, -100, -124, -126, -133a/b, -143, -144, -145, -208a, and -222 and running-regulated miRNA-1, -26, -27a, -133, -143, -150, and -222, which influence genes associated with the heart remodeling and angiogenesis. We conclude that there is a potential role of these miRNAs in promoting cardioprotective effects on physiological growth.

Effect of head-out water immersion on response to exercise training

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1878-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Sheldahl ◽  
F. E. Tristani ◽  
P. S. Clifford ◽  
J. H. Kalbfleisch ◽  
G. Smits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Cycle Ergometers ◽  
Response To Exercise

During spaceflight and head-out water immersion (WI) there is a cephalad shift in blood volume. We have recently shown that left ventricular end-diastolic dimension is significantly greater during moderate cycling exercise with WI compared with on land. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cephalad shift in blood volume and accompanying increase in cardiac preload with WI alters the normal cardiovascular adaptations to aerobic exercise training. Nine middle-aged healthy men trained on cycle ergometers in water, nine trained on land, and four served as controls for 12 wk. Following training, both training groups showed similar increase (P less than 0.05) in stroke volume and similar decreases in heart rate (P less than 0.01) and blood pressure (P less than 0.05) at a given submaximal exercise O2 consumption (VO2). Maximal VO2 increased (P less than 0.01) similarly for both training groups. The control group did not demonstrate any significant changes in submaximal or maximal exercise responses. We conclude that the cephalad shift in blood volume with WI does not alter the normal cardiovascular adaptation to aerobic exercise training.

Aerobic exercise training reduces epicardial fat in obese men

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeng-Kyu Kim ◽  
Tsugio Tomita ◽  
Mi-Ji Kim ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasai ◽  
Seiji Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Epicardial Fat ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Epicardial Fat Thickness ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Fat Thickness

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercise training on ventricular epicardial fat thickness in obese men and to investigate the relationship of the change in epicardial fat thickness to changes in abdominal fat tissue following exercise training. Twenty-four obese middle-aged men [age, 49.4 ± 9.6 yr; weight, 87.7 ± 11.2 kg; body mass index (BMI), 30.7 ± 3.3 kg/m2; peak oxygen consumption, 28.4 ± 7.2 ml·kg−1·min−1; means ± SD] participated in this study. Each participant completed a 12-wk supervised exercise training program (60–70% of the maximal heart rate; 60 min/day, 3 days/wk) and underwent a transthoracic echocardiography. The epicardial fat thickness on the free wall of the right ventricle was measured from both parasternal long- and short-axis views. The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissues were measured by computed tomography. Following exercise training, the epicardial fat thickness was significantly decreased ( P < 0.001). The percentage change of epicardial fat thickness was twice as high compared with those of waist, BMI, and body weight of original values ( P <0.05). There was a significant relationship ( r = 0.525, P = 0.008) between changes in the epicardial fat thickness and VAT with exercise training. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the change in VAT, change in systolic blood pressure, and change in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were independently related to the change epicardial fat thickness ( P < 0.05). The ventricular epicardial fat thickness is reduced significantly after aerobic exercise training and is associated with a decrease in VAT. These results suggest that aerobic exercise training may be an effective nonpharmacological strategy for decreasing the ventricular epicardial fat thickness and visceral fat area in obese middle-aged men.

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