Increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection under hindlimb-unloading conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan Aviles ◽  
Tesfaye Belay ◽  
Kimberly Fountain ◽  
Monique Vance ◽  
Gerald Sonnenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Allergy Clin ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

It has been reported that spaceflight conditions alter the immune system and resistance to infection [Belay T, Aviles H, Vance M, Fountain K, and Sonnenfeld G. J Allergy Clin Immunol 170: 262–268, 2002; Hankins WR and Ziegelschmid JF. In: Biomedical Results of Apollo. Washington, DC: NASA, 1975, p. 43–81 . (NASA Spec. Rep. SP-368)]. Ground-based models, including the hindlimb-unloading model, have become important tools for increasing understanding of how spaceflight conditions can influence physiology. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of hindlimb unloading on the susceptibility of mice to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Hindlimb-unloaded and control mice were subcutaneously infected with 1 LD50 of P. aeruginosa. Survival, bacterial organ load, and antibody and corticosterone levels were compared among the groups. Hindlimb unloading had detrimental effects for infected mice. Animals in the hindlimb-unloaded group, compared with controls, 1) showed significantly increased mortality and reduced time to death, 2) had increased levels of corticosterone, and 3) were much less able to clear bacteria from the organs. These results suggest that hindlimb unloading may induce the production of corticosterone, which may play a critical role in the modulation of the immune system leading to increased susceptibility to P. aeruginosa infection.

scholarly journals Are Iranian Sulfur Mustard Gas-Exposed Survivors More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2? Some Similarity in Their Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Farnoosh ◽  
Mostafa Ghanei ◽  
Hossein Khorramdelazad ◽  
Gholamhossein Alishiri ◽  
Alireza Jalali Farahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Gas Exposure

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged as a health problem worldwide. It seems that COVID-19 is more lethal for Iranian veterans with a history of exposure to mustard gas. There are some similarities in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and mustard gas in immune system disruption and pulmonary infection. SARS-CoV-2 and mustard gas inducing oxidative stress, immune system dysregulation, cytokine storm, and overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor in lungs that act as functional entry receptors for SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, Iranian survivors of mustard gas exposure are more susceptible and vulnerable to COVID-19. It is suggested that the principles of COVID-19 infection prevention and control be adhered to more stringently in Iranian survivors of mustard gas exposure than others who have not been exposed to mustard gas. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the different pathologic aspects of lung injury caused by mustard gas and also the relationship between this damage and the increased susceptibility of Iranian mustard gas exposed survivors to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid excess and COVID-19 disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Guarnotta ◽  
Rosario Ferrigno ◽  
Marianna Martino ◽  
Mattia Barbot ◽  
Andrea M. Isidori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
System Response ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Immune System Response ◽  
Contagion Risk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Abstract The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is causing high and rapid morbidity and mortality. Immune system response plays a crucial role in controlling and resolving the viral infection. Exogenous or endogenous glucocorticoid excess is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, due to impairment of the innate and adaptive immune system. In addition, diabetes, hypertension, obesity and thromboembolism are conditions overrepresented in patients with hypercortisolism. Thus patients with chronic glucocorticoid (GC) excess may be at high risk of developing COVID-19 infection with a severe clinical course. Care and control of all comorbidities should be one of the primary goals in patients with hypercortisolism requiring immediate and aggressive treatment. The European Society of Endocrinology (ESE), has recently commissioned an urgent clinical guidance document on management of Cushing’s syndrome in a COVID-19 period. In this review, we aim to discuss and expand some clinical points related to GC excess that may have an impact on COVID-19 infection, in terms of both contagion risk and clinical outcome. This document is addressed to all specialists who approach patients with endogenous or exogenous GC excess and COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals L-Plastin Is Essential for Alveolar Macrophage Production and Control of Pulmonary Pneumococcal Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1982-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Deady ◽  
Elizabeth M. Todd ◽  
Chris G. Davis ◽  
Julie Y. Zhou ◽  
Nermina Topcagic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
And Control ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

ABSTRACTWe report that mice deficient for the hematopoietic-specific, actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) succumb rapidly to intratracheal pneumococcal infection. The increased susceptibility of LPL−/−mice to pulmonary pneumococcal challenge correlated with reduced numbers of alveolar macrophages, consistent with a critical role for this cell type in the immediate response to pneumococcal infection. LPL−/−mice demonstrated a very early clearance defect, with an almost 10-fold-higher bacterial burden in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 3 h following infection. Clearance of pneumococci from the alveolar space in LPL−/−mice was defective compared to that in Rag1−/−mice, which lack all B and T lymphocytes, indicating that innate immunity is defective in LPL−/−mice. We did not identify defects in neutrophil or monocyte recruitment or in the production of inflammatory cytokines or chemokines that would explain the early clearance defect. However, efficient alveolar macrophage regeneration following irradiation required LPL. We thus identify LPL as being key to alveolar macrophage development and essential to an effective antipneumococcal response. Further analysis of LPL−/−mice will illuminate critical regulators of the generation of alveolar macrophages and, thus, effective pulmonary innate immunity.

Immunoinformatics design of multivalent chimeric vaccine for modulation of the immune system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 104462
Author(s):  
Sargol Aminnezhad ◽  
Ahya Abdi-Ali ◽  
Tooba Ghazanfari ◽  
Mojgan Bandehpour ◽  
Mahboobe Zarrabi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection ◽  
Chimeric Vaccine

scholarly journals Overexpression of MexCD-OprJ Reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence by Increasing Its Susceptibility to Complement-Mediated Killing

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 2426-2429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Martínez-Ramos ◽  
Xavier Mulet ◽  
Bartolomé Moyá ◽  
Mariette Barbier ◽  
Antonio Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the resistance to complement-mediated killing of a collection of isogenicPseudomonas aeruginosastrains expressing different antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Only thenfxBmutant demonstrated increased susceptibility to complement compared with that for the wild-type strain. This increment was due to the overexpression of MexCD-OprJ, which led to increased C3 opsonization and a reduced ability to infect the lungs of mice. Our results show that the acquisition of antibiotic resistance may alter the interplay ofP. aeruginosawith the host immune system.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Potential Result from the Collusion between Gut Microbiota and Mucosal Immune System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Yue ◽  
Xiaoping Luo ◽  
Zhilun Yu ◽  
Sridhar Mani ◽  
Zhengtao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Control ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Host health depends on the intestinal homeostasis between the innate/adaptive immune system and the microbiome. Numerous studies suggest that gut microbiota are constantly monitored by the host mucosal immune system, and any slight disturbance in the microbial communities may contribute to intestinal immune disruption and increased susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis between microbiota composition and the mucosal immune system is an effective approach to prevent and control IBD. The overall theme of this review is to summarize the research concerning the pathogenesis of IBD, with particular focus on the factors of gut microbiota-mucosal immune interactions in IBD. This is a comprehensive and in-depth report of the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system in IBD pathogenesis, which may provide insight into the further evaluation of the therapeutic strategies for IBD.

Active hexose correlated compound enhances resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in mice in the hindlimb-unloading model of spaceflight conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan Aviles ◽  
Tesfaye Belay ◽  
Kimberly Fountain ◽  
Monique Vance ◽  
Buxiang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Natural Killer Activity ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Fluid Shift ◽  
Killer Activity ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Allergy Clin ◽  
Resistance To Infection

Previous studies have demonstrated that resistance to infection is decreased in Swiss Webster female mice maintained in the hindlimb-unloading model (Aviles H, Belay T, Fountain K, Vance M, and Sonnenfeld G. J Appl Physiol 95: 73–80, 2003; Belay T, Aviles H, Vance M, Fountain K, and Sonnenfeld G. J Allergy Clin Immunol 110: 262–268, 2002). This is a model of some of the aspects of spaceflight conditions, including lack of load bearing on hindlimbs and a fluid shift to the head. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC), extracted from Basidiomycete mushrooms, has been shown to induce enhancement of immune responses, including enhanced natural killer activity. In the present study, AHCC was orally administered to mice to determine whether the treatment could decrease immunosuppression and mortality of mice maintained in the hindlimb-unloaded model and infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results of the present study showed that administration of AHCC by gavage for 1 wk (1 g/kg body wt) before suspension and throughout the 10-day suspension period yielded significant beneficial effects for the hindlimb-unloaded group, including 1) decreased mortality, 2) increased time to death, and 3) increased ability to clear bacteria. The results suggest that AHCC can decrease the deleterious effects of the hindlimb-unloading model on immunity and resistance to infection.

Mice Deficient In MK2 Show Increased Susceptibility To Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Kerber-Momot ◽  
Antje Munder ◽  
Alexey Kotlyarov ◽  
Matthias Gaestel ◽  
Thomas Tschernig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The effect of the antiinflammatory IL-1R antagonist anakinra in mice with CF-like lung disease and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

Pneumologie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schütte ◽  
Z Zhou-Suckow ◽  
J Schatterny ◽  
S Schmidt ◽  
S Hassel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection

Assessment of Risk Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 among Iranian Patients

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Hookah Smoking ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Iranian Patients

Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a major concern for those who are more vulnerable to infections. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the most important risk factors for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This retrospective study included information on clinical and epidemiological features of 105 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized in Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Initially, the medical records of the patients were investigated, and an interview was conducted based on a pre-prepared checklist to seek information about symptoms, past medical history, medication history, and behavior before hospitalization. Results: Out of 105 participants, 76 (72.5%) cases were male, and 54 (51.4%) patients were older than 54 years old. The majority of the patients (n=18; 17.1%) had both hypertension and diabetes (n=12; 11.4%). Metformin (n=36; 34.3%) was the most used medication amongst the studied patient. In addition, 24 (22.9%) patients were recreational hookah smokers, and the majority (75%) of them were under the age of 46 years old. Eventually, 19 patients were excluded from the study, of whom 11 individuals had diabetes, and 10 cases were using metformin. Conclusion: Apparently, hookah smoking played a critical role in the spread of COVID-19 in Iran and has made younger people more susceptible. In addition to older age, the immunosuppressive effects of Metformin seem to make diabetic patients with an impaired immune system more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. More studies on the immune system of vulnerable individuals by identifying their differences can help to protect them.

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