Pregnancy Sickness

Physiology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Andrews ◽  
S Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Inappropriate Response ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

The majority of women suffer from nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy, but the mechanisms and reasons for this are unknown. Based on our current understanding of the emetic response and physiological changes of early pregnancy, hypotheses are put forward to explain this apparently inappropriate response to conception.

Persistence of naturally acquired cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus during the first trimester of pregnancy

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1680-1682
Author(s):  
Edmond Rossier ◽  
Peter H. Phipps ◽  
John M. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

We studied the persistence of naturally acquired cell-mediated immunity to rubella during early pregnancy. We compared lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohemagglutinin and rubella virus in 35 naturally immune women aged 17–37 years, in the first trimester of pregnancy, with 49 naturally immune age-matched nonpregnant controls. A significant lower lymphocyte transformation response to phytohemagglutinin was observed during the first trimester of pregnancy (P = 0.008), but lymphocyte transformation responses to rubella virus were not significantly different (P = 0.901). These data indicate that, in naturally immune women, cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus is not significantly altered by the physiological changes in early pregnancy.

Evaluation of Normal Heart Rate in Early Pregnancy Corresponding to Gestational Age between Six to Eight Weeks

Med Phoenix ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Bikranta Rimal ◽  
Tarannum Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Normal Heart Rate ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Background: Ultrasonography is the reliable and safe way for the evaluation of pregnancy. Heart rate can be detected more confidently from the Ultrasonography. Heart rate is an important parameter for the evaluation of early pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal heart rate in embryos/fetuses between 6 and 8 weeks of gestation.Method: In our region people are poor and most of them do not know the benefit of regular follow up examination during pregnancy. So most of pregnant women come to our centre at late stage of pregnancy. The number of pregnancy cases is good in our centre but the number of early pregnancy cases coming to regular follow up examination is low. Thus the study was conducted in 51 normal singleton pregnancies undergoing routine ultrasound examination during the first trimester of pregnancy. The duration of study was 6 weeks.Result: Out of 51 singleton pregnancies, 20 cases (39.2%) heart rate were between 131-150 beat per minute and 25 cases (49.0 %) heart rate were between 151-170 beat per minute. However 4 cases (7.8%) were between 110-120 beat per minute and 2 cases (3.9%) were more than 171 beat per minute. There were zero cases above the 180 beat per minute.Conclusion: The result of this study will help to evaluate abnormal and normal fetal heart rate so that early clinical decision whether to continue the pregnancy or terminate it can be taken, as Ultrasonography is only the method used in screening fetal well being in most of the region of our country.Med Phoenix Vol.2(1) July 2017, 34-37

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF GARBHINI CHARDI (Emesis Gravidarum) WITH CHATURJATA CHOORNA (CHATURJATA POWDER) - A PILOT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4317-4323
Author(s):  
Priyanka 1 ◽  
Shreyes. S ◽  
Yogitha Bali M.R
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Morning Sickness ◽  
Excessive Salivation ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Single Blind

Background: During pregnancy many demands are made by growing fetus, to meet these requirements maternal system has to undergo certain changes. Garbhinichardi (Emesis Gravidarum) is one among them and this has been termed as Gruhita Garbha Lakshanas (Immediate signs of conception) in Ayurvedic clas-sics. Approximately 80 % of pregnant women experience excessive salivation, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, commonly known as “morning sickness”, which is seen frequently throughout the day. Design: This is single blind pilot study. 30 patients with complaints of Garbhinichardi (Emesis Gravidarum) in first trimester were included in this study. Patients were given Chaturjatachurna (Chatutjata powder)for a peri-od of 2 weeks in dose of 3gms thrice a day after meal with Anupana (Adjuvant) as Madhu (honey) of 5ml mixed with Tandulodaka (Raw rice water) Results: This pilot study showed statistically significant changes with Chaturjatachurna in reducing the complaints of pregnant women such as nausea (p<0.001), vomiting (p<0.001) and Aruchi (Anorexia) (p<0.001) in their first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: Chaturjata-churna was effective in the management of Garbhini Chardi (Emesis Gravidarum) and other symptoms in the first trimester of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Spontaneous rupture of an unscarred uterus in early pregnancy: a rare but life-threatening emergency

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e228493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedayah Amro ◽  
Ghassan Lotfi
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Uterine Rupture ◽  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Spontaneous Uterine Rupture ◽  
First Case ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Underlying Risk

Spontaneous uterine rupture during early pregnancy is an extremely rare occurrence and may vary in presentation and course of events, hence the clinical diagnosis is often challenging. We present our experience with two such cases of spontaneous uterine rupture in the first trimester of pregnancy without any identifiable underlying risk factors. The first case was at 12 weeks of gestation and the second case was at 6 weeks gestational age (GA). Both cases were diagnosed and managed by the laparoscopic approach. We are reporting the earliest documented GA in which spontaneous uterine rupture occurred. So far, the earliest GA reported in the literature according to our knowledge was at 7+3 weeks. Access to a laparoscopic facility is crucial in the early definitive diagnosis and prompt management of these cases, since this may significantly reduce the risk of severe morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Provisionally pregnant: uncertainty and interpretive work in accounts of home pregnancy testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ross
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Pregnancy Test ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pregnancy Testing ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Upon their availability for purchase in the 1970s, home pregnancy testing devices were hailed as a ‘revolution’ for women’s reproductive rights. Some authors, however, have described these technologies as further enabling the medicalisation of pregnancy and as contributing to the devaluing of women’s embodied knowledge. The home pregnancy test is one of many technological devices encountered by women experiencing pregnancy in the United Kingdom today. Existing literature has described how engagement with medical technologies during pregnancy might address uncertainties experienced at this time, providing women with reassurance and alleviating anxieties. Drawing on interviews with women living in Scotland, this article explores accounts of testing for a first pregnancy, and women’s descriptions of the impacts of home pregnancy testing upon experiences of early gestation. Participants engaged with pregnancy tests in varying ways, with uses shaping and shaped by their experiences of early pregnancy more broadly. Particular technical characteristics of the home pregnancy test led many participants to question their interpretation of a positive result, as well as the accuracy of the test itself. Rather than addressing the unknowns of early gestation by confirming a suspected pregnancy, a positive result could thus exacerbate uncertainty. Through participants’ accounts, this article shows how uncertainty is lived out by users of mundane techno-medical artefacts and sheds new light on women’s experiences of the first trimester of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Ginger in Treating Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ramadhanu
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Cns Side Effects ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
In Pregnancy

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is one of the common main complaint in pregnancy. NVP can be a significant burden to the patient, make a decrease in quality of life, pregnancy threatening or even worse can lead to nutritional loss and death. NVP diagnosed when in first trimester of pregnancy and the other possible cause of NVP is excluded. Management of NVP is included maintaining hydration, nutrition, and lifestyle modification. Also avoiding the smells, food, or activity that can cause nause are necessary. There are some methods to treat NVP including pharmalogical or non-pharmalogical. The non-pharmalogical approach is change nutritional habits, lifestyle and medications. Several pharmalogical agents that can be used to relief the symptoms of NVP are pyridoxine, anti- histamines, metoclopramide, pyridoxine/doxylamine, promethazine and metoclopramide. Some patients also want to try more “natural” medications for NVP like ginger. The pharmacological activity is thought to stand in the pungent principles (gingerols and shogaols) and volatile oils (sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes). The true mechanism of action of ginger is probable to be a gastric effect, to increase tone and peristaltic due to anticholinergic and antiserotonin act. Ginger acts straight to the digestive tract and avoids the CNS side effects common to centrally acting antiemetics. Ginger is available in capsule or syrup form or in candy, cookies, beer, tinctures, teas, sodas, and jam. Nowadays, true dosing is available only if one uses standardized extracts; however, women may choose to use another form of ginger.

scholarly journals Relative Risk Assessment of Intrauterine Infection of the Fetus During Cytomegalovirus Infection in Early Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Relative Risk Assessment

Background. Intrauterine fetal infection (IUI), the common cause of which is the cytomegalovirus (CMV), occupies one of the first places in the structure of perinatal morbidity and mortality. There are no data on the relative risk assessment of IUI at the exacerbation of CMV infection and its delitescent course in first trimester of pregnancy in the literature.Aim: to calculate the relative risks of fetal IUI in pregnant women with exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy.Methods. A retrospective review of the labor and delivery medical records and prenatal records of 104 CMV-seropositive women was carried out. Fifty of these women had an exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy – main group and 54 of them were with delitescent course of the disease (comparison group).Results. A comparative analysis of ultrasound and morphological markers of IUI with risk assessment depending on the course of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy has been carried out. A high risk of placental structure abnormalities, as well as amniotic fluid and fetal membranes, fetal and placental blood flow pathology, onset of  choroid plexus cyst and fetal growth restriction was found, with a statistically significant difference in the group of pregnant women with exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy.Conclusion. The findings suggest that the exacerbation of CMV infection in early pregnancy is a risk factor for IUI.

scholarly journals Blunted erythropoietin production and decreased erythropoiesis in early pregnancy [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Y Beguin ◽  
G Lipscei ◽  
H Thoumsin ◽  
G Fillet
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Erythropoietin Production ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

After decreasing in the first trimester of pregnancy, the total red blood cell mass increases in the second and third trimesters to peak at term at about 120% to 125% of nonpregnant values, but how this is brought about by changes in the rate of erythropoiesis is not known. We evaluated erythropoiesis by measuring serum transferrin receptor (TfR) levels in 406 women during normal pregnancy (N = 317), at delivery (N = 63), or in the early postpartum (N = 27). Despite the presence of the placenta and the frequent occurrence of iron deficiency, TfR levels remained low in the first two trimesters and increased in the third trimester and at delivery. To explain why erythropoiesic activity was relatively low in early pregnancy, we also measured serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (Epo) in relation to the degree of anemia. There was a very strong correlation between serum TfR and Epo levels in the entire group (r = .59, P less than .0001) as well as in each period of pregnancy. Epo levels remained low for the degree of anemia and did not correlate with hematocrit in the first two trimesters, but recovered afterwards. In the early postpartum, Epo production and erythropoiesis were normal. We conclude that: (1) erythropoiesis is decreased in the first part of pregnancy but increases afterwards; and (2) blunted Epo production in early pregnancy could be responsible for that observation.

scholarly journals Implementing standardised rhodes index to measure the efficacy of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) in pregnancy induced nausea and vomiting

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1932
Author(s):  
Asha P. Dass ◽  
Priyadarshini Deodurg ◽  
Sandhiya Rajappan
Keyword(s):  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Natural Signs ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Moderate Nausea ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Although nausea and vomiting are natural signs of pregnancy affecting about half the pregnant women during their first trimester of pregnancy, it is unpleasant and difficult symptom to deal with. Considering the fact that medication during pregnancy is not advised, we decided to study the efficacy of a natural product to control nausea and vomiting during early pregnancy. Our study was directed to estimate the efficacy of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) in pregnancy induced nausea and vomiting.Methods: A total of 30 women with pregnancy of 4-16 weeks, suffering from nausea and vomiting were included in this study (n=30). Subjects were given ginger extract 250mg, to be taken 3 times a day half an hour before food for 1 week. Severity of vomiting was assessed by Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting by the patients. Baseline scores were compared with the score at the end of 7 day. The findings were analysed statistically.Results: Effect with the ginger extract in pregnancy induced nausea and vomiting was assessed at the end of treatment (day 7) and compared with the baseline values. Four patients reported symptoms of heartburn. Otherwise, there were no other reports of any adverse effects. The results showed significance (p <0.005).Conclusions: Ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) helps in reducing severity and frequency of pregnancy induced nausea and vomiting. Therefore, we conclude that ginger extract can be used for mild to moderate nausea and vomiting induced by pregnancy during first trimester.

scholarly journals A study to identify clinical and laboratory parameters in cases of excessive vomiting in early pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4424
Author(s):  
Dyuti Dubey ◽  
Usha Agrawal ◽  
Rekha Sapkal
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Severe Nausea ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Background: Around half of all pregnant women experience vomiting, and more than 80% of women experience nausea in the first 12 weeks. Women with severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy may have hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), an entity distinct from nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), which if left untreated may lead to significant maternal and foetal morbidity. In our study, we studied, clinical and laboratory parameters in patients presenting with excessive vomiting. The study may help in evaluating what is the major clinical problem encountered during treatment and how many days of care are needed in such cases.Methods: The study design was a prospective observational study. Patients attending the ANC clinic and emergency indoor cases at Peoples college of medical sciences, Bhopal were considered as study population. 100 patients who satisfied inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Patient’s sociodemographic variables, detailed obstetric history, clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. Results obtained were analysed and tabulated.Results: Persistence of vomiting in the first trimester leading to dehydration and hospitalization was documented in 12% of patients. The 5% of then had metabolic acidosis and 1% required correction of starvation ketoacidosis, but there was not significant weight loss observed in any of the case. Liver function test were normal in almost in all cases except 9% had raised serum alkaline phosphatase levels.Conclusions: All cases with vomiting in early pregnancy should receive attention and exclusion of all emergency clinical conditions. Patient should be screened for urine tract infection and diabetes in all cases. 

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