scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of the Relationship between Face Recognition Memory and the Volume of Medial Temporal Lobe Structures in Healthy Young Males

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare E. Mackay ◽  
Neil Roberts ◽  
Andrew R. Mayes ◽  
John J. Downes ◽  
Jonathan K. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
The Right

A rigorous new methodology was applied to the study of structure function relationships in the living human brain. Face recognition memory (FRM) and other cognitive measures were made in 29 healthy young male subjects (mean age = 21.7 years) and related to volumetric measurements of their cerebral hemispheres and of structures in their medial temporal lobes, obtained using the Cavalieri method in combination with high resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI. Greatest proportional variability in volumes was found for the lateral ventricles (57%) for the cerebral hemispheres (8%) in the mean volumes of the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, temporal pole and temporal lobe on the right and left sides of the brain. The volumes of the right and left parahippocampal gyrus, temporal pole, temporal lobe, and left hippocampus were, prior to application of the Bonferroni correction to take account of 12 multiple comparisons, significantly correlated with the volume of the corresponding hemisphere (p< 0.05). The volumes of all structures were highly correlated (p< 0.0002 for all comparisons) between the two cerebral hemispheres. There were no positive relationships between structure volumes and FRM score. However, the volume of the right amygdala was, prior to application of the Bonferroni correction to take account of 38~multiple comparisons, found to be significantly smaller in the five most consistent high scorers compared to the five most consistent low scorers (t= 2.77,p= 0.025). The implications for possible relationships between healthy medial temporal lobe structures and memory are discussed.

Visuospatial memory and learning in first-episode schizophreniform psychosis and established schizophrenia: a functional correlate of hippocampal pathology?

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. WOOD ◽  
T. PROFFITT ◽  
K. MAHONY ◽  
D. J. SMITH ◽  
J.-A. BUCHANAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Visuospatial Memory ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
The Right

Background. Despite a number of studies that have indicated impaired memory function in patients with schizophrenia, there have been few that have used a sensitive measure of right medial temporal lobe pathology. Given the reported findings of reduced hippocampal volume in schizophrenia, we used a theoretically sensitive test of the right medial temporal lobe to determine the nature of the visuospatial memory deficit in the disorder.Methods. Seventy-six patients (37 with a first-episode schizophreniform psychosis, and 39 with established schizophrenia) were compared with 41 comparison subjects on a number of tests of visuospatial memory. These included spatial working memory, spatial and pattern recognition memory and a pattern-location associative learning test.Results. Both patient groups displayed recognition memory deficits when compared to the comparison group. However, only those patients with established schizophrenia (of 9 years duration on average) were impaired on the associative learning test.Conclusions. The results indicate either a progressive decline in visuospatial associative learning ability over the course of the disorder, or that poor visuospatial associative learning is a marker for poor prognosis. In addition, these results have implications for our understanding of the role of the right medial temporal lobe in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Use of an anteromedial subdural strip electrode in the evaluation of medial temporal lobe epilepsy

2003 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol ◽  
Dennis D. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strip Electrode ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
Method Of Placement ◽  
Adequate Coverage ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

✓ The temporal lobe is the most common site of partial epilepsy that is amenable to surgical therapy, and therefore ictal localization in this region is important. The authors describe the application of an anteromedial subdural strip electrode for the evaluation of epilepsy originating from the medial temporal lobe. This strip is advanced around the temporal pole and underneath the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone as it follows the medial temporal lobe contour. The advantages of this method of placement are the consistent path and reliable final position of the strip along the medial basal temporal lobe surface. This method allows adequate coverage of the parahippocampal gyrus along its long axis extending posterior to the level of the collicular plate. This technique has been used with no complications during intracranial monitoring of more than 100 patients with presumed temporal lobe epilepsy.

scholarly journals Differences in Mnemonic Processing by Neurons in the Human Hippocampus and Parahippocampal Regions

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1654-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indre V. Viskontas ◽  
Barbara J. Knowlton ◽  
Peter N. Steinmetz ◽  
Itzhak Fried
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Psychological Review ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Human Hippocampus

Different structures within the medial-temporal lobe likely make distinct contributions to declarative memory. In particular, several current psychological and computational models of memory predict that the hippocampus and parahippocampal regions play different roles in the formation and retrieval of declarative memories [e.g., Norman, K. A., & O'Reilly, R. C. Modeling hippocampal and neocortical contributions to recognition memory: A complementary-learning systems approach. Psychological Review, 110, 611–646, 2003]. Here, we examined the neuronal firing patterns in these two regions during recognition memory. Recording directly from neurons in humans, we find that cells in both regions respond to novel stimuli with an increase in firing (excitation). However, already on the second presentation of a stimulus, neurons in these regions show very different firing patterns. In the parahippocampal region there is dramatic decrease in the number of cells responding to the stimuli, whereas in the hippocampus there is recruitment of a large subset of neurons showing inhibitory (decrease from baseline firing) responses. These results suggest that inhibition is a mechanism used by cells in the human hippocampus to support sparse coding in mnemonic processing. The findings also provide further evidence for the division of labor in the medial-temporal lobe with respect to declarative memory processes.

P3-373: STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE AND RECOGNITION MEMORY FOLLOWING NATURAL AND SURGICAL MENOPAUSE

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_23) ◽  
pp. P1234-P1234
Author(s):  
Nicole J. Gervais ◽  
Elizabeth Baker-Sullivan ◽  
Cheryl Grady ◽  
Rosanna Olsen ◽  
Laura Gravelsins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Surgical Menopause

scholarly journals Retrograde episodic and semantic memory impairment correlates with side of temporal lobe damage

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVANA BUCCIONE ◽  
LUCIA FADDA ◽  
LAURA SERRA ◽  
CARLO CALTAGIRONE ◽  
GIOVANNI A. CARLESIMO
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Herpes Encephalitis ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
First Case ◽  
Retrograde Memory ◽  
The Right

AbstractPatients with damage to the mesial and anterior portions of the temporal lobes suffer from a memory impairment involving both anterograde and retrograde amnesia. In the retrograde domain, it has been suggested that the relative severity of autobiographical and nonautobiographical memory impairment may depend on the prevalent side of the temporal damage. Here we present two patients suffering from damage to the mesial and anterior portions of the temporal lobes (hippocampal formation, parahippocampal gyrus and polar cortex) as a result of herpes encephalitis. In the first case, A.S., damage predominantly affected the right temporal lobe, whereas in the second patient, R.S., the damage was bilateral but more severe on the left side. A detailed investigation of the retrograde memory deficit demonstrated a partial double dissociation between the two patients, with A.S. almost exclusively impaired in the autobiographical domain (both episodic and semantic) and R.S. with poor performances in all domains, but much more severe in the nonautobiographical (both public events and general semantic knowledge) than in the autobiographical one. These findings reinforce the view of specialization of right and left temporal lobes in the retrieval of retrograde autobiographical and nonautobiographical memories, respectively. (JINS, 2008, 14, 1083–1094.)

scholarly journals Patterns of single-neuron activity during associative recognition memory in the human medial temporal lobe

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 117214
Author(s):  
M. Derner ◽  
G. Dehnen ◽  
L. Chaieb ◽  
T.P. Reber ◽  
V. Borger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Associative Recognition ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Single Neuron Activity

Phase/amplitude reset and theta-gamma interaction in the human medial temporal lobe during a continuous word recognition memory task

Hippocampus ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 890-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Mormann ◽  
Juergen Fell ◽  
Nikolai Axmacher ◽  
Bernd Weber ◽  
Klaus Lehnertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Memory Task ◽  
Phase Amplitude
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