scholarly journals Assessment of Noise and Associated Health Impacts at Selected Secondary Schools in Ibadan, Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godson R. E. E. Ana ◽  
Derek G. Shendell ◽  
G. E. Brown ◽  
M. K. C. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Day ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Background. Most schools in Ibadan, Nigeria, are located near major roads (mobile line sources). We conducted an initial assessment of noise levels and adverse noise-related health and learning effects.Methods. For this descriptive, cross-sectional study, four schools were selected randomly from eight participating in overall project. We administered 200 questionnaires, 50 per school, assessing health and learning-related outcomes. Noise levels (A-weighted decibels, dBA) were measured with calibrated sound level meters. Traffic density was assessed for school with the highest measured dBA. Observational checklists assessed noise control parameters and building physical attributes.Results. Short-term, cross-sectional school-day noise levels ranged 68.3–84.7 dBA. Over 60% of respondents reported that vehicular traffic was major source of noise, and over 70% complained being disturbed by noise. Three schools reported tiredness, and one school lack of concentration, as the most prevalent noise-related health problems.Conclusion. Secondary school occupants in Ibadan, Nigeria were potentially affected by exposure to noise from mobile line sources.

scholarly journals To what extent are GCS and AVPU equivalent to each other when assessing the level of consciousness of children with head injury? A cross-sectional study of UK hospital admissions.

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e023216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy GL Nuttall ◽  
Katie M Paton ◽  
Alison M Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Consciousness

ObjectiveTo evaluate utility and equivalence of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) scale in children with head injury.DesignCross sectional study.SettingUK hospital admissions: September 2009–February 2010.Patients<15 years with head injury.InterventionsGCS and/or AVPU at injury scene and in emergency departments (ED).Main outcomeMeasures used, the equivalence of AVPU to GCS, GCS at the scene predicting GCS in ED, CT results by age, hospital type.ResultsLevel of consciousness was recorded in 91% (5168/5700) in ED (43%: GCS/30.5%: GCS+AVPU/17.3%: AVPU) and 66.1% (1190/1801) prehospital (33%: GCS/26%GCS+AVPU/7%: AVPU). Failure to record level of consciousness and the use of AVPU were greatest for infants. Correlation between AVPU and median GCS in 1147 children <5 years: A=15, V=14, P=8, U=3, for 1163 children ≥5 years: A=15, V=13, P=11, U=3. There was no significant difference in the proportion of infants who had a CT whether AVPU=V/P/U or GCS<15. However diagnostic yield of intracranial injury or depressed fracture was significantly greater for V/P/U than GCS<15 :7/7: 100% (95% CI 64.6% to 100%) versus 5/17: 29.4% (95% CI 13.3% to 53.1%). For children >1 year significantly more had a CT scan when GCS<14 was recorded than ‘V/P/U only’ and the diagnostic yield was greater. Prehospital GCS and GCS in the ED were the same for 77.4% (705/911).ConclusionThere was a clear correlation between Alert and GCS=15 and between Unresponsive and GCS=3 but a wider range of GCS scores for responsive to Pain or Voice that varied with age. AVPU was valuable at initial assessment of infants and did not adversely affect the proportion of infants who had head CT or the diagnostic yield.

The STARK Study: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adherence to Short-Term Drug Regimens in Urban Kenya

2014 ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Ann E. Ellis, BSE ◽  
Rebecca P. Gogel, AB ◽  
Benjamin R. Roman, BA ◽  
James B. Watson, MPH (candidate) ◽  
Debbie Indyk, PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Regimens

scholarly journals Short-term complications of anesthetic technique used in hip fracture surgery in elderly people

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Norouzi ◽  
Fozhan Behrouzibakhsh ◽  
Alireza Kamali ◽  
Bijan Yazdi ◽  
Babak Ghaffari
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anesthetic Technique ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hip Fracture Surgery ◽  
American Society ◽  
Fracture Surgery

Postoperative complications of fracture are one of the main problems in older patients with hip fracture. In this study, complications were observed 48 hours after surgery in different anesthetic procedures. This prospective cross sectional study was carried out over a 12-month period. All subjects over 55 years of age undergoing hip fracture surgery were selected for study with ASA class (American Society of Anesthesiology: one, two and three). After determining the vital signs in the operating room, anesthesia type (general, spinal and epidural) and various variables were recorded. It was observed that the spinal anesthesia method had the lowest level of postoperative disturbances of consciousness and had the shortest duration in terms of duration of time. On the other hand, general anesthesia was the least in terms of blood transfusion. Finally, epidural anesthetic method showed the least amount of pain 48 hours after operation and the least changes in blood pressure and heart rate.

scholarly journals Acute, Repeated Exposure to Mobile Phone Noise and Audiometric Status of Young Adult Users in a University Community

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godson R. E. E. Ana ◽  
Anthony E. Ukhun ◽  
Derek G. Shendell ◽  
Patience A. Osisanya
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Exposure to noise from mobile devices is suspected to affect hearing. Data are limited, particularly in less developed countries. We assessed noise levels from mobile phones and user audiometric status at University of Ibadan, Nigeria, in an initial cross-sectional study. Methods. Fifty-eight staff and 45 young adult students owning mobile phones were selected. A pretested questionnaire assessed demographics, phone attributes, and predominant ear used for making and receiving calls. Noise was measured in A-weighted decibels. Pure tone audiometry was conducted at varying frequencies. Statistics computed included Chi-square and t-tests. Results. Certain phone brands used by students were commonly reported. More utilized right ears to make or receive calls. Mean reported mobile phone use duration by students was 2.9±1.7 years, lower than among staff, 3.4±1.9 years (P<0.05). There were differences in use of head phones (22.2%, 12.1%) and speakers (51.1%, 15.5%) by students and staff, respectively (P<0.05). Mean measured noise levels of phones when ringing, per user settings, were high 91.9±16.1 dBA (students) and 93.3±10.9 dBA (staff). Audiometry suggested 22.2% students and 28.0% staff had some evidence of hearing impairment. Conclusions. Mobile phones noise levels were high, but exposures though frequent were of short duration. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed on phone use and hearing impairment.

scholarly journals Meal pattern and BMI in 9–11-year-old children in Finland

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetta Lehto ◽  
Carola Ray ◽  
Marjaana Lahti-Koski ◽  
Eva Roos
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meal Pattern ◽  
School Day ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractObjectiveIn many studies it has been shown that breakfast is associated with normal weight in children and adolescents. Other meals, family meals and a regular meal pattern have been less studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine whether a regular meal pattern, or breakfast, lunch or dinner as separate regular meals, is associated with the BMI of children.DesignA cross-sectional study conducted within the Helsinki region during 2006. Study participants were measured and weighed by research staff. Children filled in a study questionnaire on their health behaviour, including the frequency of consuming meals. A regular meal was defined as one usually eaten on every school day. A regular meal pattern was defined as one consisting of a usual consumption of breakfast, school lunch and dinner on every school day. Covariance analysis was used as the statistical analysis method.SettingCapital region, Finland, 2006.SubjectsA total of 604 schoolchildren (312 girls) aged 9–11 years.ResultsIrregular breakfast and an irregular meal pattern were associated with higher BMI. Regularity of school lunch, dinner or family dinner was not associated with BMI.ConclusionsA regular breakfast and meal pattern was associated with lower BMI in children, although breakfast was the only single meal associated with BMI. We conclude that, although the association between breakfast and weight status in children is fairly consistent, the role of other meals is less convincing.

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