scholarly journals Spatial Divisions and Fertility in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vijayan Pillai ◽  
Mashooq Salehin
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Northern Plains ◽  
Child Loss ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Deccan Plateau ◽  
Organization Of Production

The Indian subcontinent can be divided into four geographical divisions. In this paper, we characterize three of the four divisions; the Northern Plains, the Deccan Plateau, and the Northern Mountains or the Himalayan as regions with dissimilar climatic and physical resources. It is argued that human adaptations to these variations would be varied by differences in social organization of production and consumption resulting in differences in fertility differences across the three divisions. We found significant differences in the median age at motherhood as well as in the total family size. The effects of the three selected fertility determinants, age at marriage, years of woman's education, and level of child loss on family size also varied significantly across the three divisions. There is considerable homogeneity with respect to fertility levels within the zones considered in this study.

The lens of firstness: Shamanic/Aboriginal culture as cosmos-sign

Semiotica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (221) ◽  
pp. 143-173
Author(s):  
Steven Bonta
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
New World ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aboriginal Culture

AbstractHaving identified previously (Bonta 2015) the Peircean Category Firstness as the semiotic basis (or cultural Prime Symbol) for Australian Aboriginal culture, this paper examines the “lens” of Firstness as it is manifest in a variety of aboriginal (or “Shamanic”) cultures worldwide. By studying the semiotic contours of religion, language, social organization, and art, we find systemic prioritization of Firstness in its various manifestations, across a wide range of aboriginal cultures from Australia to the Indian Subcontinent to aboriginal Siberia and the New World. Shamanic culture, despite its ethnic and geographic variety, may therefore be represented as a semiotic type – and, in addition, one that, in its pristine form, is nearly extinct.

Multidisciplinary perspectives on the origins of past foodways and farming practice in South Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayushi Nayak ◽  
Nicole Boivin ◽  
Patrick Roberts
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Radiometric Dating ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
The People ◽  
Production And Consumption

Today, over half of the people living in South Asia are employed in an agricultural sector that supports one of the most densely populated regions on Earth. Yet the origins of agriculture in this environmentally and culturally diverse region have received relatively little attention compared to other parts of the Old World. Narratives of agricultural origins have frequently been monocausal, treating this massive landmass as a single entity. Recently, multidisciplinary applications of diverse methods (including archaeobotany, systematic radiometric dating, stable isotope analysis, and ancient DNA) have facilitated more nuanced insights into the origins, as well as the social and environmental consequences, of different farming foodways in prehistory. Here, we review the current application of these techniques across the Indian Subcontinent, focusing on the insights they have provided into cultivation and herding practices, dietary reliance on particular foods and culinary techniques, demographic turnover, changing settlement patterns, and the environmental impacts of agricultural practice in the Holocene. We argue that such approaches are essential if we are to properly understand the diverse drivers of different farming practices, as well as their demographic, ecological and dietary outcomes on the production and consumption of food in different parts of South Asia. Only then can we begin to discuss the prehistoric origins of the culinary and agronomic diversity that characterises this region today.

Sustainable Food Consumption

2016 ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amzad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Negative Implication

It is difficult to separate western consumerism from excessive meat consumption and through globalization this culture is spreading through the planet to traditional places, such as Bangladesh and the Indian subcontinent. The chapter argues that the socio-economic and planetary cost of increasing meat consumption is clearly untenable and initiating a process that restores natural resources is imperative. A major objective of this chapter is to raise awareness about the consequences from unsustainable meat production and consumption and the negative implication from a Western type of diet. Drawing on the spiritual messages from the Baul philosophers, it makes the case that preserving traditional flexitarianism, defined here as meat in the absence of any other food options or rare ceremonial meat consumption, is essential for the health of the planet and its inhabitants.

The decline in fertility in England and Wales since 1964

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
G. N. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Interaction Component ◽  
Number Of Births

SummaryThe decline in the number of legitimate live births in England and Wales from the peak in 1964 has been partitioned into components due to changes in fertility rates, components due to changes in the composition of the population exposed to risk, and an interaction component. Fertility rates specific for age of mother at birth of child, duration of marriage, parity and age of mother at marriage were considered but in all cases it was found that the decline was not as great as the change in fertility rates implied. This was due to increases in the number of births due to changes in the composition of the population exposed to risk.The decline in the number of births due to changes in fertility rates specific for age of mother/duration of marriage/parity/age at marriage has been expressed as a percentage of the number of births to each specific group and it was found that generally the percentage decline became greater as age of mother/duration of marriage/parity/age at marriage increased. However this did not apply for the youngest age groups, the shortest durations of marriage, the youngest ages at marriage and the lowest parity. This result needs further investigation. Is this evidence of a deferment of births by young mothers (with short durations, low parities and young ages at marriage)? Alternatively, is this evidence of the beginning of a really significant and widespread change of attitude to family size?

Age at marriage and family size: social causation and social selection hypotheses

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Busfield
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Social Selection ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Group

The familiar and well-established negative association between a woman's age at marriage and family size has received somewhat less attention in recent years. No doubt this is because, with the reduction in fertility of the past century, the observed differentials appear less striking and seem less significant. Age at marriage is a less obvious determinant of family size than in the past. Glass & Grebenik (1954), commenting on the data produced by the 1946 Family Census, emphasized the decreasing importance of the association both absolutely and relatively. Contrasting the completed fertility of the 1900–09 and the 1925 marriage cohorts in Great Britain (Table 1), they argued that, though for all, married women the relative influence of age at marriage was unchanged, the figures for fertile marriages only (those where the wife had at least one child) appeared to indicate ‘that age at marriage and fertility were not quite so tightly linked for the more recent group’. And they added ‘this is the kind of development which would be expected with the increasing spread of family planning’.

Southeast Asian Society: Dual or Multiple

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manning Nash
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Asian Society ◽  
Social Unity

In the study of social integration, there is continual interplay between fact and concept. As new societies come into the ken of social science, theory and method are stretched or hammered to take account of the novel modes of social solidarity. We have not yet come to terms with the diversity, the breaks in social organization, or the social norms that give Southeast Asian societies their particular forms of integration.One of the earliest general apprehensions of the nature of social organization in Southeast Asia was put forth in 1910 by J. H. Boeke. This keenly observant Dutch administrator held that there existed from the Indian subcontinent to Japan a special sort of Asian society and culture, the dual society, based on die following major features: it was governed by tradition, and its people were spatially immobile; it was a rural society based on a corporate land tenure system; it was a consumer economy; and it was integrated by religious norms. In Boeke's widely known one-line summary, Asian society is essentially a “religious community of food-crop cultivators all belonging to the same clan or social unity.” There is a sort of Gemeinschaft, an organic unity of peasant cultivators, held togetlier by a value system of a sacred order and subordinating economic activity to the continuity of the social structure.

Income and Family Size in Three Eighteenth-Century Lancashire Parishes: A Reconstitution Study

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Loschky ◽  
Donald F. Krier
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Mother’S Age

Since the time of Malthus and possibly earlier the prevailing theory of the birth rate has connected births to the’ mother's age at marriage, which in turn is related to current economic and social conditions. In this manner changes in the economy are tied to changes in the birth rate and thus, even more indirectly, to changes in the rate of growth of the population.

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