scholarly journals Effects of Monoculture, Crop Rotation, and Soil Moisture Content on Selected Soil Physicochemical and Microbial Parameters in Wheat Fields

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marais ◽  
M. Hardy ◽  
M. Booyse ◽  
A. Botha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Soil Microbial

Different plants are known to have different soil microbial communities associated with them. Agricultural management practices such as fertiliser and pesticide addition, crop rotation, and grazing animals can lead to different microbial communities in the associated agricultural soils. Soil dilution plates, most-probable-number (MPN), community level physiological profiling (CLPP), and buried slide technique as well as some measured soil physicochemical parameters were used to determine changes during the growing season in the ecosystem profile in wheat fields subjected to wheat monoculture or wheat in annual rotation with medic/clover pasture. Statistical analyses showed that soil moisture had an over-riding effect on seasonal fluctuations in soil physicochemical and microbial populations. While within season soil microbial activity could be differentiated between wheat fields under rotational and monoculture management, these differences were not significant.

scholarly journals Soil Microbial Activity and Diversity in Response to Soil Chemical Factors in Agricultural Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Lily Ishak ◽  
Philip Hugh Brown
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Responses ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Microbial Groups

The role of microbial communities in maintaining soil health is mostly influenced by chemical condition of soil. Microbial communities vary in response to soil chemical factors. The contradictive results from previous findings emphasise that it is difficult to define a pattern of the influence of soil chemical factors on soil microbial diversity and activity. The aim of the study was to assess soil microbial responses to soil chemical factors in agricultural soils. Composite soil (Dermosol order) samples taken from 16 commercial crop sites in Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia, were chemically and biologically analysed. It was found that bacterial and fungal activity and diversity were significantly affected by soil EC, SOM and NO3-N content, but were not influenced by soil pH, CEC, and Ca:Mg ratio. The diversity of bacterial and fungal communities displayed a positive linear relationship with soil EC, whereas the activity and diversity of these two microbial groups and SOM displayed a significant quadratic relationship. The finding suggested that microbial community was predominantly influenced by SOM content.

scholarly journals Continuous monocropping highly affect the composition and diversity of microbial communities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12532
Author(s):  
Ali I. MALLANO ◽  
Xianli ZHAO ◽  
Yanling SUN ◽  
Guangpin JIANG ◽  
Huang CHAO
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Soil Microbial

Continuous cropping systems are the leading cause of decreased soil biological environments in terms of unstable microbial population and diversity index. Nonetheless, their responses to consecutive peanut monocropping cycles have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the structure and abundance of microbial communities were characterized using pyrosequencing-based approach in peanut monocropping cycles for three consecutive years. The results showed that continuous peanut cultivation led to a substantial decrease in soil microbial abundance and diversity from initial cropping cycle (T1) to later cropping cycle (T3). Peanut rhizosphere soil had Actinobacteria, Protobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes as the major bacterial phyla. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota were the major fungal phylum, while Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were the most dominant phyla of archaea. Several bacterial, fungal and archaeal taxa were significantly changed in abundance under continuous peanut cultivation. Bacterial orders, Actinomycetales, Rhodospirillales and Sphingomonadales showed decreasing trends from T1>T2>T3. While, pathogenic fungi Phoma was increased and beneficial fungal taxa Glomeraceae decreased under continuous monocropping. Moreover, Archaeal order Nitrososphaerales observed less abundant in first two cycles (T1&T2), however, it increased in third cycle (T3), whereas, Thermoplasmata exhibit decreased trends throughout consecutive monocropping. Taken together, we have shown the taxonomic profiles of peanut rhizosphere communities that were affected by continuous peanut monocropping. The results obtained from this study pave ways towards a better understanding of the peanut rhizosphere soil microbial communities in response to continuous cropping cycles, which could be used as bioindicator to monitor soil quality, plant health and land management practices.

scholarly journals Visualizing Microbial Community Dynamics via a Controllable Soil Environment

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunima Bhattacharjee ◽  
Dusan Velickovic ◽  
Thomas W. Wietsma ◽  
Sheryl L. Bell ◽  
Janet K. Jansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Microbial Community Dynamics

ABSTRACT Understanding the basic biology that underpins soil microbiome interactions is required to predict the metaphenomic response to environmental shifts. A significant knowledge gap remains in how such changes affect microbial community dynamics and their metabolic landscape at microbially relevant spatial scales. Using a custom-built SoilBox system, here we demonstrated changes in microbial community growth and composition in different soil environments (14%, 24%, and 34% soil moisture), contingent upon access to reservoirs of nutrient sources. The SoilBox emulates the probing depth of a common soil core and enables determination of both the spatial organization of the microbial communities and their metabolites, as shown by confocal microscopy in combination with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Using chitin as a nutrient source, we used the SoilBox system to observe increased adhesion of microbial biomass on chitin islands resulting in degradation of chitin into N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and chitobiose. With matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MSI, we also observed several phospholipid families that are functional biomarkers for microbial growth on the chitin islands. Fungal hyphal networks bridging different chitin islands over distances of 27 mm were observed only in the 14% soil moisture regime, indicating that such bridges may act as nutrient highways under drought conditions. In total, these results illustrate a system that can provide unprecedented spatial information about interactions within soil microbial communities as a function of changing environments. We anticipate that this platform will be invaluable in spatially probing specific intra- and interkingdom functional relationships of microbiomes within soil. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities are key components of the soil ecosystem. Recent advances in metagenomics and other omics capabilities have expanded our ability to characterize the composition and function of the soil microbiome. However, characterizing the spatial metabolic and morphological diversity of microbial communities remains a challenge due to the dynamic and complex nature of soil microenvironments. The SoilBox system, demonstrated in this work, simulates an ∼12-cm soil depth, similar to a typical soil core, and provides a platform that facilitates imaging the molecular and topographical landscape of soil microbial communities as a function of environmental gradients. Moreover, the nondestructive harvesting of soil microbial communities for the imaging experiments can enable simultaneous multiomics analysis throughout the depth of the SoilBox. Our results show that by correlating molecular and optical imaging data obtained using the SoilBox platform, deeper insights into the nature of specific soil microbial interactions can be achieved.

scholarly journals Responses of Bacterial and Fungal Community Structure to Different Rates of 1,3-Dichloropropene Fumigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
Zaid Abdo ◽  
Amy Charkowski ◽  
Jane E. Stewart ◽  
Kenneth Frost
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Sample Depth

1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D) is a well-known nematicidal soil fumigant on many crop species. Currently, little is known about its impact on soil microbial communities using culture-free methods. In this study, we investigated changes in soil bacterial and fungal diversity and composition at two depths (30.5 and 61 cm) in response to management practices of applying 1,3-D at four different rates (103, 122, 140, and 187 liters/ha) relative to an untreated control in potato production fields using 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon sequencing. A total of 12,783 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for 16S and 1,706 OTUs for ITS were obtained. Sequencing revealed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Ascomycota were dominant phyla in soils. Comparing alpha diversity of microbial communities at the different chemical rates with untreated plots showed that bacterial communities in plots treated with 1,3-D fumigation at 140 liters/ha were richer, which was supported by higher richness indices. Other diversity indices and overall soil microbial community structure were not significantly influenced by any rates of 1,3-D fumigation, although higher bacterial and fungal richness and diversity were observed in posttreatment soils and/or at 30.5 cm. Of the identified microbial families, the differential abundance of 45 bacterial and 24 fungal families was affected by sample depth, 1,3-D rate, or the interaction of sample depth and 1,3-D. The bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae, which includes species that specialize in decay of complex carbohydrates, increased in abundance post-1,3-D fumigation, and the fungal family Ophiocordycipitaceae, which includes nematode and insect pathogens, decreased, suggesting that the nematode and soil insect death caused by fumigation may selectively impact specific fungal and bacterial families.

Functional and molecular responses of soil microbial communities under differing soil management practices

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1873-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Crecchio ◽  
Antonio Gelsomino ◽  
Roberto Ambrosoli ◽  
José Luis Minati ◽  
Pacifico Ruggiero
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
Soil Microbial
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