scholarly journals Limited Transmission of the Ectoparasitic FungusHesperomyces virescensbetween Lady Beetles

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted E. Cottrell ◽  
Eric W. Riddick
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Aphidophagous Lady Beetles ◽  
Bodily Contact

The ectoparasitic fungusHesperomyces virescensThaxter (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales) commonly infects the invasive lady beetleHarmonia axyridis(Pallas) and several other aphidophagous lady beetles in North America and Europe. We tested the hypothesis that bodily contact between adults of different lady beetle species supports horizontal transmission ofH. virescens. We used laboratory assays to determine whetherH. axyridisorOlla v-nigrum(Mulsant) harboringH. virescens(i.e., source beetles) transmit the fungus to noninfected target beetlesH. axyridis,O. v-nigrum,Coccinella septempunctataL.,Coleomegilla maculata(De Geer), orHippodamia convergensGuerin-Meneville. Results indicate that intraspecific transmission (i.e., for the source beetlesH. axyridisandO. v-nigrum) was common but interspecific transmission (i.e., from sourceH. axyridisorO. v-nigrumto target species) was low. Interspecific transmission occurred at low rates fromH. axyridisto bothC. septempunctataandO. v-nigrumand fromO. v-nigrumto bothC. septempunctataandH. convergens. Based upon our laboratory assays of forced pairings/groupings of source and target beetles, we predict that horizontal transmission ofH. virescensbetween species of aphidophagous coccinellids is possible but likely rare.

scholarly journals Competition for Aphid Prey between Different Lady Beetle Species in a Laboratory Arena

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Leppanen ◽  
Andrei Alyokhin ◽  
Serena Gross
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Aphid Prey ◽  
Aphid Consumption ◽  
Asymmetric Interactions

Direct competition for aphid prey (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was evaluated between and among several lady beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The behavior of three native (Coccinella trifasciata, Coleomegilla maculata,andHippodamia convergens) and four nonnative (Coccinella septempunctata,Harmonia axyridis,Hippodamia variegata,andPropylea quatuordecimpunctata) lady beetles was observed in laboratory arenas. The beetles were kept alone, paired with conspecifics or paired with heterospecifics, and presented with potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae).Harmonia axyridiswas the most successful aphid predator in our study, being able to find aphids more quickly and consume more of them compared to most other lady beetle species. It was also by far the most aggressive of the tested species.Coccinella septempunctata, C. trifasciata,andC. maculatagenerally followedH. axyridisin aphid consumption. Prey discovery, consumption, and aggressive behaviors were dependent on which species were present in the arena. Except for the generally superiorH. axyridis, there was no obvious dominance hierarchy among the other tested species and no dichotomy between the native and non-native species. Asymmetric interactions between lady beetle species may affect their abilities to coexist in the same habitat.

scholarly journals Interactions of ants with native and invasive lady beetles and the role of chemical cues in intraguild interference

Chemoecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Bucher ◽  
Laura M. Japke ◽  
Ayse Gül Ünlü ◽  
Florian Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Beetle Elytra ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Ant Aggression

AbstractThe predator-predator naïveté hypothesis suggests that non-native predators benefit from being unknown to native predators, resulting in reduced intraguild interference with native predators. This novelty advantage should depend on the ability of native predators to recognize cues of non-native predators. Here, we compared ant aggression and lady beetle reaction in four native and the invasive lady beetle species Harmonia axyridis. In addition, we tested whether lady beetle cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are involved in species recognition, which might explain naïveté if the invasive species has a specific CHC profile. To this end, we conducted behavioral assays confronting two native ant species with both living lady beetles and lady beetle elytra bearing or lacking CHCs of different lady beetle species. Finally, we characterized CHC profiles of the lady beetles using GC–MS. In general, the aggression of Lasius niger was more frequent than that of Myrmica rubra and L. niger aggression was more frequent towards most native lady beetle species compared to H. axyridis. The removal of CHCs from lady beetle elytra reduced aggression of both ant species. If CHCs of respective lady beetle species were added on cue-free elytra, natural strength of L. niger aggression could be restored. CHC analyses revealed a distinct cue composition for each lady beetle species. Our experiments demonstrate that the presence of chemical cues on the surface of lady beetles contribute to the strength of ant aggression against lady beetles. Reduced aggression of L. niger towards H. axyridis and reduced avoidance behavior in H. axyridis compared to the equally voracious C. septempunctata might improve the invasive lady beetle’s access to ant-tended aphids.

Assemblage structure and altitudinal distribution of lady beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the mountain spruce forests of Pol’ana Mountains, the West Carpathians

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Selyemová ◽  
Peter Zach ◽  
Danka Némethová ◽  
Ján Kulfan ◽  
Miroslav Úradník ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
The West ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
West Carpathians

AbstractIn two successive years we recorded a total of 3,636 individuals and 17 species of adult lady beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the spruce forests of Pol’ana Mts (the West Carpathians) at altitudes ranging from 600 m to 1,300 m a.s.l. Four lady beetle species were documented as predominating (dominance of abundance > 5%) over the study period. They were the following: Aphidecta obliterata (1,828 individuals and 50.3%), Coccinella septempunctata (634 individuals and 17.4%), Adalia conglomerata (594 individuals and 16.3%) and Anatis ocellata (279 individuals and 7.7%). The assemblages of lady beetles differed among the areas and also between the years. The season revealed neglegible effect on distribution of lady beetles, whereas the effect of altitude was more pronounced. A. conglomerata preferred the areas at lower altitude (600–725 m) to those at middle (900–925 m) and/or upper altitude (1,250–1,300 m). In contrast, A. obliterata and C. septempuctata were most abundant in the area at middle altitude. The altitudinal location of area partly explained the variability in abundance of lady beetles. The first ordination axis constructed by means of correspondence analysis (CA) represented an altitudinal gradient and accounted for 19.4% of the total variance of the species data. The great proportion of lady beetle species not typically associated with spruce and/or other coniferous trees than spruce (70.6%, n = 17) may be explained by an ecotonal effect.

scholarly journals Incorporating a Sorghum Habitat for Enhancing Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Cotton

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Tillman ◽  
T. E. Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Hippodamia Convergens ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) prey on insect pests in cotton. The objective of this 2 yr on-farm study was to document the impact of a grain sorghum trap crop on the density of Coccinellidae on nearby cotton.Scymnusspp.,Coccinella septempunctata(L.),Hippodamia convergensGuérin-Méneville,Harmonia axyridis(Pallas),Coleomegilla maculata(De Geer),Cycloneda munda(Say), andOlla v-nigrum(Mulsant) were found in sorghum over both years. Lady beetle compositions in sorghum and cotton and in yellow pyramidal traps were similar. For both years, density of lady beetles generally was higher on cotton with sorghum than on control cotton. Our results indicate that sorghum was a source of lady beetles in cotton, and thus incorporation of a sorghum habitat in farmscapes with cotton has great potential to enhance biocontrol of insect pests in cotton.

scholarly journals Review of lady beetles in the Cycloneda germainii species complex (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae: Coccinellinae: Coccinellini) with descriptions of new and unusual species from Chile and surrounding countries

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1311 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILLERMO GONZÁLEZ ◽  
NATALIA J. VANDENBERG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Three New Species

A complex of lady beetle species including Cycloneda germainii (Crotch) is reviewed and seven valid species recognized, including C. germainii, C. eryngii (Mulsant), C. sicardi (Brèthes), C. boliviana (Mulsant), and three new species, C. lacrimosa González & Vandenberg, n. sp., C. disconsolata Vandenberg & González, n. sp., and C. patagonica González & Vandenberg, n. sp.

Effect of cotton genotypes on numbers of adult lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-689
Author(s):  
H. L. Bhardwaj ◽  
J. B. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Cotton Pests ◽  
Calcium Arsenate ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
Small Container ◽  
Cotton Fields

Predatory arthropods can play an important role in the natural control of cotton pests, including bollworms (Heliothis zea Boddie and H. virescens F.). Smith & Fontenot (1942) reported that widespread use of calcium arsenate in cotton fields reduced the number of coccinellids, which resulted in increased damage by pests. Ewing & Ivy (1943) confined several predacious insects collected from cotton (individually in jelly glasses fitted with slightly moistened blotting paper) and supplied them daily with eggs deposited by insectary-reared bollworm moths. The maximum number of eggs destroyed in a day by a single adult of the convergent lady beetle (Hippodama convergent Guerin-Meneville) was 275. Adults of another species of lady beetle (Coleomegilla fuscilabris Muls.) frequently consumed all the eggs given them, an adult on average consuming 22 eggs per day. All the 12 species of predacious insects found in cotton fields survived on bollworm eggs. Whitcomb & Bell (1964) showed that the three most common lady beetles in cotton fields in Arkansas were: (1) spotted lady beetles (Coleomegilla maculata De Geer), (2) convergent lady beetles, and (3) ninespotted lady beetles (Ciccinella novemnotata Herbst). They recorded 24 species of lady beetles, all feeding on lepidopterous eggs including those of bollworms. Many of these predators were captured while feeding on small bollworm larvae. Van den Bosch & Kagen (1966) proposed guidelines for the mass releases of convergent lady beetle adults as a pest control measure in cotton. Lingren, Ridgway & Jones (1968) reported from small-container experiments that adult females of convergent lady beetles consumed an average of 129·9 bollworm eggs per day.

scholarly journals PERENNIAL LEGUME GROUND COVERS INCREASE BENEFICIAL ARTHROPODS AND SUPPLY NITROGEN IN PECAN ORCHARDS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 739e-739
Author(s):  
A. Shiferaw ◽  
M.W. Smith ◽  
R.D. Eikenbary ◽  
Don C. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Lady Beetle ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Tree Canopies

Perennial legumes ground covers were evaluated in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) orchards to supply nitrogen and increase beneficial arthropods. Ground covers were `Kenland' red clover (Trifolium pratense), `Louisiana S-1' white clover (Trifolium repens), a mixture of these two legumes, or bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), each in 5 ha plots. Nitrogen was applied at 0-200 kg·ha-1 N in 50 kg intervals to bermuda grass plots, and was omitted on the legumes. Aphids feeding on the legumes attracted lady beetles; however, lady beetle populations in the tree canopies were not affected by ground cover treatment. The most abundant lady beetle species in legumes were Coleomegilla maculata lengi (77%) and Coccinella septempunctata (13%); whereas, dominant species in tree canopies were Coleomegilla maculata lengi (33%). Olla v-nigrum (20%). Cycloneda munda (18%) and Coccinella septempunctata (15%). Several other beneficial arthropods were sampled in legumes and tree canopies. Aphid populations feeding on pecans were low (peak population ≈ 2 aphids/leaf), and not affected by ground cover treatment. Legumes supplied the equivalent of applying 68-156 kg·ha-1 N.

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