scholarly journals Glioblastoma Presenting with Steroid-Induced Pseudoregression of Contrast Enhancement on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus D. Mazur ◽  
Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Daniel W. Fults
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Histological Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Final Histological Diagnosis ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

Corticosteroid-induced reduction in contrast enhancement on radiographic imaging is most commonly associated with lymphoma but has been reported in other entities, including glioma. This finding may represent a diagnostic dilemma. Concern that steroid-induced cytotoxicity obscures histological diagnosis of suspected lymphoma may lead to postponement of a biopsy. If glioma is not considered in the differential diagnosis, reduction in tumor contrast enhancement may be misinterpreted as disease regression rather than a transient radiographic change. We report a case of a patient with an enhancing right temporoparietal mass adjacent to the atrium of the lateral ventricle. After treatment with dexamethasone was started, the mass exhibited marked reduction in contrast enhancement, with symptom improvement. The clinical course suggested lymphoma, and surgery was not performed. Subsequent screening for extra-axial lymphoma was negative. Two weeks later, the patient developed worsening symptoms, and repeat T1-weighted imaging showed interval increase in size and enhancement. The findings suggested a possible diagnosis of malignant glioma. The patient underwent a stereotactic-guided craniotomy for excision of the right temporoparietal mass lesion. Final histological diagnosis was glioblastoma multiforme, World Health Organization grade IV.

scholarly journals A Case of Leptomeningeal Dissemination of Pilocytic Astrocytoma in a Child

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Feng Su ◽  
Chih-Hui Chang ◽  
Shyh-Shin Chiou ◽  
Chee-Yin Chai ◽  
Shiuh-Lin Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilocytic Astrocytoma ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Tumor Seeding ◽  
Cystic Component ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Residual Lesions

AbstractWe present the case of a 2-year-old boy with progressive left-sided weakness and a cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showing a lesion with a cystic component in the right thalamus and basal ganglia. The lesion was subtotally resected and diagnosed as a pilocytic astrocytoma by histopathology. Tumor seeding along the surgical tract was seen on MRI 16 days and 10 weeks after surgery. The patient received vincristine and carboplatin, and MRI performed 4 months after chemotherapy revealed no additional or residual lesions. This case illustrated that a World Health Organization grade I astrocytoma could disseminate along the surgical tract.

scholarly journals Mosaic Pattern of H3 K27M-Mutant Protein Expression in a Diffuse Midline Glioma—A Diagnostic Dilemma for the Pathologist

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Narasimhaiah ◽  
Bejoy Thomas ◽  
Mathew Abraham ◽  
Rajalakshmi Poyuran
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mutant Protein ◽  
Histone Genes ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Diffuse Midline Glioma

AbstractDiffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant, is a World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV glioma arising in pons, thalamus, and spinal cord. They show mutations resulting in replacement of lysine at position 27 by methionine (K27M) of histone genes, H3F3A, HIST1H3B, and HIST1H3C. The H3 K27M mutant protein is identified in tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry. As these mutations are clonal and homogeneous, the mutant protein is normally identified in all tumor cells. Here we report a case of diffuse midline glioma with mosaic pattern of expression of H3 K27M mutant protein and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this unusual pattern.

Implementing the Sphere Project’s standards for patient’s healthcare rights in the disaster zone: The experience of the Israeli field hospital in post-quake Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Deganit Kobliner-Friedman, RN, MPH ◽  
Ofer Merin, MD ◽  
Eran Mashiach, MD ◽  
Reuven Kedar, MD ◽  
Shai Schul, MHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Israel Defense Forces ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality

Emergency medical teams (EMTs) encounter chaos upon arriving at the scene of a disaster. Rescue efforts are utilitarian and focus on providing the technical aspects of medical care in order to save the most lives at the expense of the individual. This often neglects the basic healthcare rights of the patient. The Sphere Project was initiated to develop universal humanitarian standards for disaster response.The increase in the number of EMTs led the World Health Organization (WHO) to organize standards for disaster response. In 2016, the WHO certified the Israel Defense Forces Field Hospital (IDF-FH) as the first to be awarded the highest level of accreditation (EMT-3). This paper presents the IDF-FH’s efforts to protect the patient’s healthcare rights in a disaster zone based on the Sphere Principles.These core Sphere Principles include the right to professional medical treatment; the right to dignity, privacy, and confidentiality; the right for information in an understandable language; the right to informed consent; the obligation to maintain private medical records; the obligation to adhere to universal ethical standards, to respect culture and custom and to care for vulnerable populations; the right to protection from sexual exploitation and violence; and the right to continued treatment.

Pulmonary Preneoplasia

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
pp. 1073-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Dacic
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Lung Carcinomas ◽  
Molecular Abnormalities ◽  
Prognostic Importance ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Context.—Improved screening techniques for lung cancer have resulted in detection of lesions that are considered to represent precursors of invasive lung carcinomas. These lesions may cause a diagnostic dilemma particularly on small biopsy or cytology specimens. Ancillary studies are usually not helpful, and diagnosis is based on morphology alone. Recognition of these lesions is very important to prevent potential diagnostic mistakes that may result in inadequate patient management. Future molecular studies may provide clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic gene markers. Objective.—To review currently proposed morphologic criteria for precursor lesions of non–small cell lung carcinomas including squamous dysplasias, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and diffuse idiopathic neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. Major molecular abnormalities are briefly discussed. Data Sources.—Published literature and recent World Health Organization classification of lung tumors. Conclusions.—Practicing surgical pathologists must be familiar with morphology of recognized pulmonary preneoplastic lesions that are more frequently detected radiographically and subjected to diagnostic procedures. Future understanding of underlying molecular abnormalities associated with progression of these lesions into invasive lung carcinoma may result in a development of molecular assays with potential diagnostic and prognostic importance.

Prognostic value of initial magnetic resonance imaging growth rates for World Health Organization grade II gliomas

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Pallud ◽  
Emmanuel Mandonnet ◽  
Hugues Duffau ◽  
Michèle Kujas ◽  
Rémy Guillevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals Lebanon Cities’ Public Spaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Nazzal ◽  
Samer Chinder
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
World Health ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

In Lebanon, the social connections are undeniable and crucial. However, meeting places remain private such as houses, restaurants, malls, and beach resorts. This is mainly due to the shortage of public spaces in Lebanon resulting from lack of planning, regulations and awareness around the right to the city and the importance of public spaces. In main cities where land prices are so expensive, common practice has prioritized the use of land in real estate development, thus trumping other uses such as public and communal spaces.In the late 1990s, Lebanon saw the emergence of malls, which have arguably acted as alternatives to public spaces. Malls, with their wealth of food courts, restaurants, cinemas, and play areas, have become the new downtown for a portion of the Lebanese population. They are also considered safe, which is another important factor.In 2015, the percentage of green spaces in Lebanon has decreased to less than 13%. While the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a minimum of 9m2 of green space per capita (UN-HABITAT, 2016), Beirut has only 0.8m2.

scholarly journals A Consensus Definition of Supratotal Resection for Anatomically Distinct Primary Glioblastoma: An AANS/CNS Section on Tumors Survey of Neurosurgical Oncologists

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Rakovec ◽  
Adham M. Khalafallah ◽  
Oren Wei ◽  
David Day ◽  
Jason P. Sheehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Primary Glioblastoma ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Tumor Section ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Supratotal Resection

Abstract Introduction: Supratotal resection (SpTR) of glioblastoma may be associated with improved survival, but published results have varied in part from lack of consensus on the definition and appropriate use of SpTR. A previous small survey of neurosurgical oncologists with expertise performing SpTR found resection 1-2 cm beyond contrast enhancement was an acceptable definition and glioblastoma involving the right frontal and bilateral anterior temporal lobes were considered most amenable to SpTR. The general neurosurgical oncology community has not yet confirmed the practicality of this definition. Methods Seventy-six general neurosurgical oncology members of the AANS/CNS Tumor Section were surveyed using a crowdsourcing approach. Participants were presented with 11 definitions of SpTR and rated each definition’s appropriateness. Participants additionally reviewed magnetic resonance imaging for 10 anatomically distinct glioblastomas and assessed the tumor location's eloquence, perceived equipoise of enrolling patients in a randomized trial comparing gross total to SpTR, and their personal treatment plans. Results Fifty-two neurosurgeons (73.2%) agreed that resection 1-2 cm beyond contrast enhancement was an acceptable definition for SpTR. Cases were divided into three anatomically distinct groups by perceived equipoise between gross total and SpTR. The best clinical trial candidates were right anterior temporal (n=58, 76.3%) and right frontal (n=55, 73.3%) glioblastomas. Conclusion Support exists within the neurosurgical oncology community to adopt the proposed consensus definition of SpTR of glioblastoma and to treat right anterior temporal and right frontal glioblastomas using SpTR. A smaller proportion of general neurosurgical oncologists than SpTR experts consider SpTR feasible in the left anterior temporal lobe.

scholarly journals THE HUMAN RIGHT TO HEALTH: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS AFTER 70 YEARS OF INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
MARÍA DALLI
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

In 1948, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the first international text recognising universal human rights for all; the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 25 recognises the right to an adequate standard of living, which includes the right to health and medical care. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Declaration, this article presents an overview of the main developments that have been made towards understanding the content and implications of the right to health, as well as an analysis of some specific advancements that aim to facilitate the enforcement thereof. These include: a) the implication of private entities as responsible for right to health obligations; b) the Universal Health Coverage goal, proposed by the World Health Organization and included as one of the Sustainable Development Goals; and c) the individual complaints mechanism introduced by the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (adopted on the 10th December 2008, 60 years after the UDHR).

scholarly journals Extended Cranial Ultrasound Views in Infants with Acute Brain Stem/Infratentorial Lesions: Diagnosis of a Progressive Midline Glioma in a 6-Week-Old Infant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. e262-e264
Author(s):  
Matthias Lange ◽  
Bernd Mitzlaff ◽  
Florian Beske ◽  
Holger Koester ◽  
Wiebke Aumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Anterior Fontanel ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Mastoid Fontanelle ◽  
Diffuse Midline Glioma

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors in children and adolescents. However, in neonates and children aged younger than a year, they are very rare. Clinical presentation in neonates is often subtle and nonspecific. When neurological symptoms are apparent at this age, cranial ultrasound (CUS) is often done as the initial evaluation, with a standard approach through the anterior fontanel (AF), followed by further imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), if necessary. We report the first neonatal case of a rapidly progressive diffuse midline glioma positive for histone H3 K27M mutation (World Health Organization [WHO] grade IV) in which using extended (transmastoid) CUS studies through the mastoid fontanelle (MF) in the second month of life defined the lesion in the brainstem.

scholarly journals Lipomatous meningioma: A rare subtype of benign metaplastic meningiomas

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 140-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Onur Yüksel ◽  
Mehmet Sabri Gürbüz ◽  
Osman Tanrıverdi ◽  
Sevilay Akalp Özmen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
World Health Organization Classification ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACTLipomatous meningiomas are extremely rare subtypes of benign meningiomas and are classified as metaplastic meningioma in the World Health Organization classification. We present a 77-year-old man presented with the history of a gradually intensifying headache for the last 3 months. A right frontoparietal mass was detected on his cranial magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was operated on via a right frontoparietal craniotomy, and histopathological diagnosis was lipomatous meningioma. Distinctive characteristics of lipomatous meningiomas were discussed with special emphasis to importance of immunohistochemical examinations, particularly for its differentiation from the tumors showing similar histology though having more aggressive character.

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