scholarly journals Adipocytokine Associations with Insulin Resistance in British South Asians

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Webb ◽  
K. Khunti ◽  
S. Chatterjee ◽  
J. Jarvis ◽  
M. J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Glucose Dysregulation

Aims. Adipocytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and may represent identifiable precursors of metabolic disease within high-risk groups. We investigated adiponectin, leptin, and TNF-αand assessed the contribution of these molecules to insulin resistance in south Asians.Hypothesis. South Asians have adverse adipocytokine profiles which associate with an HOMA-derived insulin resistance phenotype.Methods. We measured adipocytokine concentrations in south Asians with newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a case-control study. 158 (48.5% males) volunteers aged 25–75 years with risk factors for diabetes but no known vascular or metabolic disease provided serum samples for ELISA and bioplex assays.Results. Total adiponectin concentration progressively decreased across the glucose spectrum in both sexes. A reciprocal trend in leptin concentration was observed only in south Asian men. Adiponectin but not leptin independently associated with HOMA-derived insulin resistance after logistic multivariate regression.Conclusion. Diasporic south Asian populations have an adverse adipocytokine profile which deteriorates further with glucose dysregulation. Insulin resistance is inversely associated with adiponectin independent of BMI and waist circumference in south Asians, implying that adipocytokine interplay contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease in this group.

Diabetes in South Asians

2011 ◽  
pp. 1799-1803
Author(s):  
A. Ramachandran ◽  
C. Snehalatha
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Diabetic Population

Developing countries, mainly in the Indian subcontinent and China, contribute nearly 80% to the rising global diabetic population. Conservative estimates, based on population growth, ageing of population, and rate of urbanization in Asia, show that India and China will remain the top two countries with the highest number of people with diabetes by 2025: 71 and 38 million, respectively. Two other South Asian countries, Pakistan and Bangladesh, also are in the top ten list. The South Asian populations of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka are racially heterogeneous, but all have high risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Type 1 diabetes is relatively less common, and nearly 95% of all diabetic cases in these regions are type 2 diabetes. The steady rise in the prevalence of diabetes seen in last three decades coincides with rapid urbanization and industrialization, and associated sociological and political changes, occurring in these countries (1). Among the populations, physical activity has reduced significantly, intake of energy-dense food has increased, and mental and physical stress factors associated with urban living have also increased. A tilt in the energy balance towards conservation and fat deposition has contributed to the alarming increase in the rate of obesity, both in adults and children.

scholarly journals Metabolic signature of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haya Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Ilhame Diboun ◽  
Maha V. Agha ◽  
Fatima F. S. Mohamed ◽  
Stephen Atkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Prospective Cohorts

Abstract Background Obesity is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, some obese individuals maintain their insulin sensitivity and exhibit a lower risk of associated comorbidities. The underlying metabolic pathways differentiating obese insulin sensitive (OIS) and obese insulin resistant (OIR) individuals remain unclear. Methods In this study, 107 subjects underwent untargeted metabolomics of serum samples using the Metabolon platform. Thirty-two subjects were lean controls whilst 75 subjects were obese including 20 OIS, 41 OIR, and 14 T2DM individuals. Results Our results showed that phospholipid metabolites including choline, glycerophosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphorylcholine were significantly altered from OIS when compared with OIR and T2DM individuals. Furthermore, our data confirmed changes in metabolic markers of liver disease, vascular disease and T2DM, such as 3-hydroxymyristate, dimethylarginine and 1,5-anhydroglucitol, respectively. Conclusion This pilot data has identified phospholipid metabolites as potential novel biomarkers of obesity-associated insulin sensitivity and confirmed the association of known metabolites with increased risk of obesity-associated insulin resistance, with possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Further studies are warranted to confirm these associations in prospective cohorts and to investigate their functionality.

Delivering a community intervention on Type 2 Diabetes with UK Punjabi South Asians via radio

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Kaur Bains
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Culturally Relevant ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Prevention

• To devise evidence-based talks about Type 2 diabetes prevention and management for a Punjabi speaking UK South Asian audience • To focus on the psychological aspects of diabetes prevention and management, as well as coping with the illness • To deliver these talks in Punjabi using accessible and culturally relevant communication

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Different Hypercaloric Diets on Weight Gain, Insulin Resistance, Glucose Intolerance, and its Comorbidities in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardete F. Melo ◽  
Joana F. Sacramento ◽  
Maria J. Ribeiro ◽  
Claudia S. Prego ◽  
Miguel C. Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Zucker Fatty Rat ◽  
High Sucrose

Animal experimentation has a long history in the study of metabolic syndrome-related disorders. However, no consensus exists on the best models to study these syndromes. Knowing that different diets can precipitate different metabolic disease phenotypes, herein we characterized several hypercaloric rat models of obesity and type 2 diabetes, comparing each with a genetic model, with the aim of identifying the most appropriate model of metabolic disease. The effect of hypercaloric diets (high fat (HF), high sucrose (HSu), high fat plus high sucrose (HFHSu) and high fat plus streptozotocin (HF+STZ) during different exposure times (HF 3 weeks, HF 19 weeks, HSu 4 weeks, HSu 16 weeks, HFHSu 25 weeks, HF3 weeks + STZ) were compared with the Zucker fatty rat. Each model was evaluated for weight gain, fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, lipid profile and liver lipid deposition, blood pressure, and autonomic nervous system function. All animal models presented with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia except the HF+STZ and HSu 4 weeks, which argues against the use of these models as metabolic syndrome models. Of the remaining animal models, a higher weight gain was exhibited by the Zucker fatty rat and wild type rats submitted to a HF diet for 19 weeks. We conclude that the latter model presents a phenotype most consistent with that observed in humans with metabolic disease, exhibiting the majority of the phenotypic features and comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes in humans.

scholarly journals Telomere Length Attrition, a Marker of Biological Senescence, Is Inversely Correlated with Triglycerides and Cholesterol in South Asian Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Harte ◽  
Nancy F. da Silva ◽  
Michelle A. Miller ◽  
Francesco P. Cappuccio ◽  
Ann Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Biological Ageing

South Asians have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) than white Caucasians, for a given BMI. Premature biological ageing, assessed by reduction in telomere length (TL), may be mediated by factors resulting from altered metabolic profiles associated with obesity. We hypothesise that ethnicity and metabolic status represent detrimental factors contributing to premature biological ageing. Therefore we assessed TL in two South Asian, age and BMI-matched cohorts [T2DM (n=142) versus non-T2DM (n=76)] to determine the effects of BMI, gender, lipid and CVD profile on biological ageing. Genomic DNA was obtained from the UKADS cohort; biochemical and anthropometric data was collected and TL was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Our findings indicated a gender-specific effect with reduced TL in T2DM men compared with non-T2DM men (P=0.006). Additionally, in T2DM men, TL was inversely correlated with triglycerides and total cholesterol (r=−0.419,P<0.01;r=−0.443,P<0.01). In summary, TL was reduced amongst South Asian T2DM men and correlated with triglycerides and total cholesterol. This study highlights enhanced biological ageing among South Asian, T2DM men, which appears to be tracked by changes in lipids and BMI, suggesting that raised lipids and BMI may directly contribute to premature ageing.

scholarly journals An FTO variant is associated with Type 2 diabetes in South Asian populations after accounting for body mass index and waist circumference

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Rees ◽  
M. Islam ◽  
M. Z. I. Hydrie ◽  
B. Chaudhary ◽  
S. Bellary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Populations

scholarly journals The Ratio of Unsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acids is a Distinguishing Feature of NAFLD in Subjects With Metabolic Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A421-A421
Author(s):  
John N Falcone ◽  
Maurice A Hurd ◽  
Sonal Kumar ◽  
Michele Yeung ◽  
Carolyn Newberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Index

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disease affecting at least a quarter of the world’s population. NAFLD is commonly associated with other metabolic conditions such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Given the liver’s prominent role in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis, we hypothesized that subjects with NAFLD have a distinct profile of blood analytes. This investigation examines the association between NAFLD and circulating markers of glucose and lipid metabolism in order to identify a NAFLD-specific metabolite panel that can be used as a predictive biomarker in future studies. We are performing a cross-sectional study in 500 subjects to identify genetic and hormonal factors that correlate with the presence of NAFLD. This abstract reports a preliminary analysis of the results from the first 45 subjects enrolled. Fasting blood samples were collected from 31 subjects with NAFLD and 14 subjects with other metabolic diseases (‘Other’) and without radiologic evidence of NAFLD. The following analytes were measured: serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol, direct-LDL, HDL, triglycerides, ApoB, small dense LDL-C (sdLDL), VLDL, Lp(a), cholesterol absorption/production markers (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, lathosterol, and desmosterol), glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1C, adiponectin, hs-CRP, and fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from glucose and insulin levels, and fatty acids were batched together by structural similarity and reported as indices. The groups were compared using multiple t-tests or the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test when data were non-parametric. The NAFLD group had a mean age 48.4 ± 12.9 yrs and BMI 32.9 ± 6.6 kg/m2. These participants were 61% female and 58% had dyslipidemia, 25% pre-diabetes, and 25% type 2 diabetes. The Other group had a mean age 49.9 ± 12.9 yrs and BMI 39.1 ± 15.6 kg/m2. They were 64% female and 57% had dyslipidemia, 14% pre-diabetes, and 21% type 2 diabetes. ALT was higher in the NAFLD group (55 ± 40 vs 27 ± 22 IU/L, P&lt;0.001). Intriguingly, the saturated fatty acid index was elevated in the NAFLD group (32.5 ± 1.9 vs 30.1 ± 2.2 %, P&lt;0.05), and the omega-6 fatty acid index was elevated in the Other group (42.9 ± 3.7 vs 38.5 ± 4.7 %, P&lt;0.05). These changes led to an unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio that was significantly lower in the NAFLD group (2.0 ± 0.1 vs 2.3 ± 0.2, P&lt;0.01). There were no other significant differences in the blood metabolites and hormones. In this small sample comparing subjects with metabolic disease with and without NAFLD, levels of ALT and the ratio of circulating unsaturated/saturated fatty acids are distinguishing features of NAFLD. These may be helpful measures to identify subjects with metabolic disease that require further evaluation for NAFLD.

scholarly journals Culturally tailored DSMES: A new key for South Asian patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
HongXiu Luo ◽  
Annah Kuriakose ◽  
Geethika Thota ◽  
Naveen Naveen Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Culturally Tailored

South Asians have an exceptionally high risk for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is very challenging for healthcare providers to successfully manage diabetes and control glucose levels at target due to the unique lifestyle of the South Asian population. Culturally tailored diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) can be more effective in guiding South Asian patients with Type 2 diabetes. Unique considerations to address lifestyle modification for South Asians include a diet that typically consists of a high carbohydrate to lipids/proteins ratio, preference for high glucose index fruits, regular intake of traditional sweets or desserts, late afternoon tea break followed by late dinner, lack of vigorous exercise (yoga or walking being the preferred activity), lack of DSMES knowledge and skills, and poor access to culturally appropriate resources for diabetes care. We present a 38-year-old male diagnosed with diabetes four years ago who showed poor glucose control before our intervention. Our interventions included education on the importance of blood glucose monitoring, exercise, and diet. Based on our experience with this case, we propose the following recommendations for a tailored approach to DSMES for South Asian patients with Type 2 diabetes: make appropriate dietary changes (decrease total daily caloric intake, decrease the percentage of carbohydrates, addlow glucose index fruits and vegetables, avoid late afternoon tea breaks, eat dinner before 8 PM); incorporate appropriate daily physical activity; and monitor blood glucose daily for prompt feedback.

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