scholarly journals Effects of Walking Direction and Cognitive Challenges on Gait in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Wajda ◽  
Brian M. Sandroff ◽  
John H. Pula ◽  
Robert W. Motl ◽  
Jacob J. Sosnoff
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Backward Walking ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
Testing Condition

Declines in walking performance are commonly seen when undergoing a concurrent cognitive task in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walking direction and simultaneous cognitive task on the spatiotemporal gait parameters in persons with MS compared to healthy controls. Ten persons with MS (Median EDSS, 3.0) and ten healthy controls took part in this pilot study. Participants performed 4 walking trials at their self-selected comfortable pace. These trials included forward walking, forward walking with a cognitive task, backward walking, and backward walking with a cognitive task. Walking performance was indexed with measures of velocity, cadence, and stride length for each testing condition. The MS group walked slower with significantly reduced stride length compared to the control group. The novel observation of this investigation was that walking differences between persons with MS and healthy controls were greater during backward walking, and this effect was further highlighted during backward walking with added cognitive test. This raises the possibility that backward walking tests could be an effective way to examine walking difficulties in individuals with MS with relatively minimal walking impairment.

Association between circulating leptin levels and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1111) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Feng Xie ◽  
Xiao-Hui Huang ◽  
Ai-Zong Shen ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Ye-Huan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Healthy Control

AimLeptin, synthesised by adipocytes, has been identified as a hormone that can influence inflammatory activity. Several studies have investigated leptin levels in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the results are not consistent. This study aims to derive a more precise evaluation on the relationship between circulating leptin levels and MS.DesignA comprehensive literature searched up to July 2017 was conducted to evaluate the association of circulating leptin levels and MS. The random-effect model was applied to calculate pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) and its 95% CI.Main outcome measuresCirculating leptin levels of patients with MS and healthy controls.ResultsOf 2155 studies identified, 33 met eligibility criteria and 9 studies with 645 patients with MS and 586 controls were finally included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that, compared with the healthy control group, the MS group had significantly higher plasma/serum leptin levels, with the SMD of 0.70% and 95% CI (0.24 to 1.15). Subgroup analyses suggested that the leptin levels of patients with MS were associated with region, age, study sample size, measurement type, gender and blood sample type.ConclusionOverall, our study suggests that patients with MS have a significantly higher leptin level than in healthy controls. Further mechanism studies and longitudinal large cohort studies are still needed to further reveal the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of MS.

scholarly journals Changes in Amino Acid and Acylcarnitine Plasma Profiles for Distinguishing Patients with Multiple Sclerosis from Healthy Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marat F. Kasakin ◽  
Artem D. Rogachev ◽  
Elena V. Predtechenskaya ◽  
Vladimir J. Zaigraev ◽  
Vladimir V. Koval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric

McDonald criteria and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS); nevertheless, it takes a considerable amount of time to make a clinical decision. Amino acid and fatty acid metabolic pathways are disturbed in MS, and this information could be useful for diagnosis. The aim of our study was to find changes in amino acid and acylcarnitine plasma profiles for distinguishing patients with multiple sclerosis from healthy controls. We have applied a targeted metabolomics approach based on tandem mass-spectrometric analysis of amino acids and acylcarnitines in dried plasma spots followed by multivariate statistical analysis for discovery of differences between MS (n=16) and control (n=12) groups. It was found that partial least square discriminant analysis yielded better group classification as compared to principal component linear discriminant analysis and the random forest algorithm. All the three models detected noticeable changes in the amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles in the MS group relative to the control group. Our results hold promise for further development of the clinical decision support system.

scholarly journals A reduced somatosensory gating response in individuals with multiple sclerosis is related to walking impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 2052-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Arpin ◽  
James E. Gehringer ◽  
Tony W. Wilson ◽  
Max J. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Sensory Gating ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Tactile Discrimination ◽  
Mobility Impairments ◽  
Gait Kinematics ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
Somatosensory Gating

When identical stimuli are presented in rapid temporal succession, neural responses to the second stimulation are often weaker than those observed for the first. This phenomenon is termed sensory gating and is believed to be an adaptive feature that helps prevent higher-order cortical centers from being flooded with unnecessary information. Recently, sensory gating in the somatosensory system has been linked to deficits in tactile discrimination. Additionally, studies have linked poor tactile discrimination with impaired walking and balance in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we examine the neural basis of somatosensory gating in patients with MS and healthy controls and assess the relationship between somatosensory gating and walking performance. We used magnetoencephalography to record neural responses to paired-pulse electrical stimulation applied to the right posterior tibial nerve. All participants also walked across a digital mat, which recorded their spatiotemporal gait kinematics. Our results showed the amplitude of the response to the second stimulation was sharply reduced only in controls, resulting in a significantly reduced somatosensory gating in the patients with MS. No group differences were observed in the amplitude of the response to the first stimulation nor the latency of the neural response to either the first or second stimulation. Interestingly, the altered somatosensory gating responses were correlated with aberrant spatiotemporal gait kinematics in the patients with MS. These results suggest that inhibitory GABA circuits may be altered in patients with MS, which impacts somatosensory gating and contributes to the motor performance deficits seen in these patients. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We aimed to determine whether somatosensory gating in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) differed compared with healthy controls and whether a relationship exists between somatosensory gating and walking performance. We found reduced somatosensory gating responses in patients with MS, and these altered somatosensory gating responses were correlated with the mobility impairments. These novel findings show that somatosensory gating is impaired in patients with MS and is related to the mobility impairments seen in these patients.

scholarly journals Quantification of human plasma metalloproteins in multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke and healthy controls reveals an association of haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes with age

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262160
Author(s):  
Sophia Sarpong-Kumankomah ◽  
Katherine B. Knox ◽  
Michael E. Kelly ◽  
Gary Hunter ◽  
Bogdan Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference

Advanced analytical methods play an important role in quantifying serum disease biomarkers. The problem of separating thousands of proteins can be reduced by analyzing for a ‘sub-proteome’, such as the ‘metalloproteome’, defined as all proteins that contain bound metals. We employed size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) to analyze plasma from multiple sclerosis (MS) participants (n = 21), acute ischemic stroke (AIS) participants (n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 21) for Fe, Cu and Zn-metalloproteins. Using ANOVA analysis to compare the mean peak areas among the groups revealed no statistically significant differences for ceruloplasmin (p = 0.31), α2macroglobulin (p = 0.51) and transferrin (p = 0.31). However, a statistically significant difference was observed for the haptoglobin-hemoglobin (Hp-Hb) complex (p = 0.04), being driven by the difference between the control group and AIS (p = 0.012), but not with the MS group (p = 0.13), based on Dunnes test. A linear regression model for Hp-Hb complex with the groups now adjusted for age found no statistically significant differences between the groups (p = 0.95), but was suggestive for age (p = 0.057). To measure the strength of association between the Hp-Hb complex and age without possible modifications due to disease, we calculated the Spearman rank correlation in the healthy controls. The latter revealed a positive association (r = 0.39, 95% Confidence Interval = (-0.05, 0.83), which suggests that either the removal of Hp-Hb complexes from the blood circulation slows with age or that the release of Hb from red blood cells increases with age. We also observed that the Fe-peak corresponding to the Hp-Hb complex eluted ~100 s later in ~14% of all study samples, which was not correlated with age or disease diagnosis, but is consistent with the presence of the smaller Hp (1–1) isoform in 15% of the population.

scholarly journals Estimation of temporal gait parameters of multiple sclerosis patients in clinical setting using inertial sensors

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Griškevičius ◽  
Vigita Apanskienė ◽  
Jurgita Žižienė ◽  
Kristina Daunoravičienė ◽  
Agnė Ovčinikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent neurological disease causing permanent disability in young adults. Subtle walking difficulties, such as reduced walking speed, step length, cadence and increased step width can be detected at an early stage of the disease. Main goal of this research is by using non-invasive wireless inertial sensors measure gait of MS patients in clinical setting and extract temporal biomechanical parameters that would allow objectively evaluate level of disability in MS patients. Analysis of 25-Foot walk showed that the duration of stance phase is approximately 1.6 times greater in MS group than in healthy control group, while the duration of swing phase in MS group is 1.3 times longer. In general, the MS patients are walking approximately 1.6 times slower.

scholarly journals Expression and clinical significance of IL7R, NFATc2, and RNF213 in familial and sporadic multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini Imani ◽  
Zohreh Hojati ◽  
Sheyda Khalilian ◽  
Fariba Dehghanian ◽  
Majid Kheirollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Axonal Dysfunction

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by myelin loss and axonal dysfunction. Increased production of inflammatory factors such as cytokines has been implicated in axon destruction. In the present study, we compared the expression level of IL7R, NFATc2, and RNF213 genes in the peripheral blood of 72 MS patients (37 familial MS, 35 sporadic MS) and 74 healthy controls (34 individuals with a family history of the disease, 40 healthy controls without a family history) via Real-time PCR. Our results showed that the expression level of IL7R was decreased in the sporadic patients in comparison with other groups. Additionally, there was an increased NFATc2 expression level in MS patients versus healthy controls. Increased expression of NFATc2 in sporadic and familial groups compared to the controls, and familial group versus FDR was also seen. Our results also represented an increased expression level of RNF213 in familial patients as compared to the control group. The similar RNF213 expression between sporadic and control group, as well as FDR and familial group was also seen. Diagnostic evaluation was performed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) calculation. The correlation of clinical parameters including onset age and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) with our gene expression levels were also assessed. Overall, decreased expression level of IL7R in the sporadic cases and increased expression level of NFATc2 may be associated with the pathogenesis of MS disease. Confirmation of the effects of differential expression of RNF213 gene requires further studies in the wider statistical populations.

Gait Mechanics Are Different Between Healthy Controls and Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie M. Huisinga ◽  
Kendra K. Schmid ◽  
Mary L. Filipi ◽  
Nicholas Stergiou
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Gait Mechanics ◽  
Walking Velocity

Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes severe gait problems in relatively young individuals, yet there have been limited studies to quantitatively identify the specific gait parameters that are affected. The purpose of this study was to define any differences in biomechanical gait parameters between patients with MS and healthy controls. A total of 31 MS patients and 31 healthy controls were evaluated: joint torques and joint powers were calculated at the ankle, knee, and hip during the stance phase of gait. The self-selected walking velocity was used as a covariate in the analysis to ensure that group differences were not due to differences in walking velocity between the MS and healthy control groups. Reduced angular range, less joint torque, and reduced joint power were seen in patients with MS. We also found significant correlations between biomechanical gait parameters and EDSS score, which provides a clinical rating of disease severity. Our findings provide a quantitative assessment of the gait mechanics employed in patients with MS. The altered lower extremity mechanics observed in patients with MS reflect both a neurological and strength deficit compared with healthy controls during walking.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Serum Concentrations of AGEs and Their Soluble Receptor (sRAGE) in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Damasiewicz-Bodzek ◽  
Beata Łabuz-Roszak ◽  
Bartłomiej Kumaszka ◽  
Bartosz Tadeusiak ◽  
Krystyna Tyrpień-Golder
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Soluble Receptor ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the study was to determine serum concentrations of AGEs and their soluble receptor (sRAGE) in MS patients and healthy controls and to investigate their possible influence on disease activity. Methods: Serum concentrations of AGE and sRAGE in patients with MS and healthy controls were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The mean serum AGE concentration in patients with MS was higher than in healthy controls, whereas the mean serum sRAGE concentration was lower than in the control group. However, the differences were not statistically significant. In MS patients, serum AGE and sRAGE concentrations did not differ significantly, depending on the duration of the disease and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. Conclusions: Multiple sclerosis may be accompanied by disturbances of the AGE-sRAGE axis. However, further studies are warranted to confirm it. The duration of the disease and the degree of disability do not seem to affect the progression of the glycation process, particularly in the stable phase of the disease.

Effects of dual-task gait treadmill training on gait ability, dual-task interference, and fall efficacy in people with stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yoon Baek ◽  
Woo Nam Chang ◽  
Beom Yeol Park ◽  
Kyoung Bo Lee ◽  
Kyoung Yee Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Task Training ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of dual-task gait training using a treadmill on gait ability, dual-task interference, and fall efficacy in people with stroke. Methods Patients with chronic stroke (N = 34) were recruited and randomly allocated to the experimental or control group. Both groups underwent gait training on a treadmill and a cognitive task. In the experimental group, gait training was conducted in conjunction with the cognitive task, whereas in the control group, the training and the cognitive task were conducted separately. Each intervention was provided for 60 minutes, twice a week, for a period of 6 weeks for both groups. The primary outcomes were as follows: gait parameters (speed, stride, variability, and cadence) under single-task and dual-task conditions, correct response rate (CRR) under single-task and dual-task conditions, and dual-task cost (DTC) in gait parameters and CRR. The secondary outcome was the fall efficacy scale. Results Dual-task gait training using a treadmill improved all gait parameters in the dual-task condition, speed, stride, and variability in the single-task condition, and CRR in both conditions. Difference between the groups was observed in speed, stride, and variability in the dual-task condition. Furthermore, dual-task gait training on a treadmill improved DTC in speed, variability, and cadence along with that in CRR, indicating true improvement of DTC, which led to significant improvement in DTC in speed and variability compared with single-task training. Conclusions Dual-task gait treadmill training was more effective in improving gait ability in dual-task training and DTI than single-task training involving gait and cognitive task separately in people with chronic stroke.

scholarly journals Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Multiple Sclerosis With and Without Optic Neuritis: a Four-year Follow-up Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah S. Al-Mujaini ◽  
Maiysa S. Al-Mujaini ◽  
Buthaina I. Sabt
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Nerve Fiber Layer ◽  
Rnfl Thickness

Abstract Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system, with optic neuritis (ON) being a common early manifestation. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness may be a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage in MS patients. We sought to evaluate changes in RNFL thickness over four years in Omani MS patients with or without ON in comparison to a healthy control group. Methods: This retrospective case-control study involved 27 MS patients and 25 healthy controls. Optical coherence tomography was performed upon first diagnosis and at a four-year follow-up. Differences in mean RNFL thickness were calculated. Results: A total of 51 eyes from the MS group and 50 eyes from the control group were evaluated. There was a significant reduction in mean RNFL thickness among MS patients with ON at follow-up (81.21 versus 72.14 µm; P = .003), whereas no significant RNFL thinning was observed among MS patients without ON. However, there was a significant reduction in RNFL thickness among MS patients compared to healthy controls (76.79 versus 93.72 µm; P = .009), regardless of ON presence/absence. Conclusions: Axonal damage was seen in the optic nerves of Omani MS patients. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in RNFL thickness among MS patients with ON as the disease progressed; however, while there was evidence of RNFL thinning in MS patients without ON, this difference lacked statistical significance. Evaluation of RNFL thickness may represent a useful biomarker for monitoring disease progression in MS and its association with ON.

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