scholarly journals Evidence in Support of Potential Applications of Lipid Peroxidation Products in Cancer Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omotayo O. Erejuwa ◽  
Siti A. Sulaiman ◽  
Mohd S. Ab Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Products ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Potential Applications

Cancer cells generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction, stimulation of oncogenes, abnormal metabolism, and aggravated inflammatory activities. Available evidence also suggests that cancer cells depend on intrinsic ROS level for proliferation and survival. Both physiological and pathophysiological roles have been ascribed to ROS which cause lipid peroxidation. In spite of their injurious effects, the ROS and the resulting lipid peroxidation products could be beneficial in cancer treatment. This review presents research findings suggesting that ROS and the resulting lipid peroxidation products could be utilized to inhibit cancer growth or induce cancer cell death. It also underscores the potential of lipid peroxidation products to potentiate the antitumor effect of other anticancer agents. The review also highlights evidence demonstrating other potential applications of lipid peroxidation products in cancer treatment. These include the prospect of lipid peroxidation products as a diagnostic tool to predict the chances of cancer recurrence, to monitor treatment progress or how well cancer patients respond to therapy. Further and detailed research is required on how best to successfully, effectively, and selectively target cancer cells in humans using lipid peroxidation products. This may prove to be an important strategy to complement current treatment regimens for cancer patients.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation Products in Cancer Progression and Therapy

ISRN Oncology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Products

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an altered redox status are common biochemical aspects in cancer cells. ROS can react with the polyunsaturated fatty acids of lipid membranes and induce lipid peroxidation. The end products of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), have been considered to be a second messenger of oxidative stress. Beyond ROS involvement in carcinogenesis, increased ROS level can inhibit tumor cell growth. Indeed, in tumors in advanced stages, a further increase of oxidative stress, such as that occurs when using several anticancer drugs and radiation therapy, can overcome the antioxidant defenses of cancer cells and drive them to apoptosis. High concentrations of HNE can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, some cells escape the apoptosis induced by chemical or radiation therapy through the adaptation to intrinsic oxidative stress which confers drug resistance. This paper is focused on recent advances in the studies of the relation between oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation products, and cancer progression with particular attention to the pro-oxidant anticancer agents and the drug-resistant mechanisms, which could be modulated to obtain a better response to cancer therapy.

Current practices in 1st- (1L), 2nd- (2L), and 3rd-line (3L) treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14028-e14028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F Thompson ◽  
Sheikh Usman Iqbal ◽  
Sarah Naoshy ◽  
Daniel B Ng ◽  
Michael L Andria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Nccn Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Advanced Therapies ◽  
Line Of Therapy ◽  
To Receive

e14028 Background: Up-to-date information concerning the optimal regimen assignment and sequencing of therapies is lacking for the treatment of mCRC patients. By tracking trends in treatment choice, this retrospective, observational study assesses current treatment patterns in mCRC patients by line of therapy. Methods: Using electronic medical record data from one of the largest US oncology databases (SDI), treatment regimens for 1L, 2L, and 3L were assessed for patients age ≥18 yrs diagnosed with mCRC from 1/1/04-7/31/11 who received anticancer agents. Results: 1,793 stage IV patients were identified in 1L, 1,050 in 2L, and 504 in 3L. Overall mean age was 60.4 yrs, and 54.6% were men. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (18.0%), lipid metabolism disorders (10.6%), and diabetes (8.6%). 47.8% had commercial insurance, 37.2% Medicare, 8.5% Medicaid, and 4.6% self pay. 1,026 patients received bevacizumab (B) in 1L, 583 in 2L, and 204 in 3L. Patients were more likely to receive FOLFOX (FX) + B in 1L and 2L. The top 3 regimens are shown in the table below. For patients who began treatment with B and continued B in a subsequent regimen, mean dose of B increased from 443.7 mg/kg (1L) to 567.0 mg/kg (2L) and 618.1 mg/kg (3L). Conclusions: FX is the regimen of choice in mCRC. In terms of biologics, B is more commonly used in 1L/2L than 3L. Given that approximately half the mCRC patients progressed to 2L/3L treatment, this likely reflects an unmet need for advanced therapies for the effective treatment of the disease. Furthermore, consistent dose escalation with continued B use across 2L/3L was seen despite that use of B in 3L mCRC is inconsistent with NCCN guidelines. Additional research on outcomes implications is needed, including mortality, patient toxicity, and costs. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Targeting CA-125 Transcription by Development of a Conditionally Replicative Adenovirus for Ovarian Cancer Treatment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4265
Author(s):  
Er Yue ◽  
Guangchao Yang ◽  
Yuanfei Yao ◽  
Guangyu Wang ◽  
Atish Mohanty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Dna Fragment

CA-125, encoded by the MUC16 gene, is highly expressed in most ovarian cancer cells and thus serves as a tumor marker for monitoring disease progression or treatment response in ovarian cancer patients. However, targeting MUC16/CA-125 for ovarian cancer treatment has not been successful to date. In the current study, we performed multiple steps of high-fidelity PCR and obtained a 5 kb DNA fragment upstream of the human MUC16 gene. Reporter assays indicate that this DNA fragment possesses transactivation activity in CA-125-high cancer cells, but not in CA-125-low cancer cells, indicating that the DNA fragment contains the transactivation region that controls specific expression of the MUC16 gene in ovarian cancer cells. We further refined the promoter and found a 1040 bp fragment with similar transcriptional activity and specificity. We used this refined MUC16 promoter to replace the E1A promoter in the adenovirus type 5 genome DNA, where E1A is an essential gene for adenovirus replication. We then generated a conditionally replicative oncolytic adenovirus (CRAd) that replicates in and lyses CA-125-high cancer cells, but not CA-125-low or -negative cancer cells. In vivo studies showed that intraperitoneal virus injection prolonged the survival of NSG mice inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) with selected ovarian cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the CRAd replicates in and lyses primary ovarian cancer cells, but not normal cells, collected from ovarian cancer patients. Collectively, these data indicate that targeting MUC16 transactivation utilizing CRAd is a feasible approach for ovarian cancer treatment that warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific cancer stem cells: reality or a mirage?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Regad
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Specific Cancer

<em>Equo ne credite, Teucri. Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes</em> (<em>Do not trust the horse, Trojans! Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks, even bringing gifts</em>) said Laocoön (Virgil, the <em>Aeneid book</em>). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are populations of cancer cells that can be found in different cancerous tissues and organs, and have properties that are similar to normal stem cells. They are thought to be chemo-resistant and radioresistant and are therefore responsible for cancer recurrence and relapse encountered in cancer patients following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although significant progress has been made to characterise CSCs, it is becoming clear that the failure of cancer therapies directed against certain types of aggressive cancers is due to the presence of these malignant cells. Cancer therapies that will rely on a combination of CSCs-targeted therapies, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are more likely to succeed in eradicating aggressive cancers and prevent recurrence in treated patients.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Mitochondria-Targeting Nanosystems for Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Hu ◽  
Zhou Qin ◽  
Chao Shen ◽  
Han-Lin Gong ◽  
Zhi-Yao He
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Subcellular Organelle ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Mitochondria Targeting

Mitochondria, a kind of subcellular organelle, play crucial roles in cancer cells as an energy source and as a generator of reactive substrates, which concern the generation, proliferation, drug resistance, and other functions of cancer. Therefore, precise delivery of anticancer agents to mitochondria can be a novel strategy for enhanced cancer treatment. Mitochondria have a four-layer structure with a high negative potential, which thereby prevents many molecules from reaching the mitochondria. Luckily, the advances in nanosystems have provided enormous hope to overcome this challenge. These nanosystems include liposomes, nanoparticles, and nanomicelles. Here, we summarize the very latest developments in mitochondria-targeting nanomedicines in cancer treatment as well as focus on designing multifunctional mitochondria-targeting nanosystems based on the latest nanotechnology.

scholarly journals REV1 Inhibition Enhances Radioresistance and Autophagy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanayo Ikeh ◽  
Erica Lamkin ◽  
Andrew Crompton ◽  
Jamie Deutsch ◽  
Kira Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Enhance Tumor Cell ◽  
Significant Bearing

Cancer therapy resistance is a persistent clinical challenge. Recently, inhibition of the mutagenic translesion synthesis (TLS) protein REV1 was shown to enhance tumor cell response to chemotherapy by triggering senescence hallmarks. These observations suggest REV1&rsquo;s important role in determining cancer cell response to chemotherapy. Whether REV1 inhibition would similarly sensitize cancer cells to radiation treatment is unknown. This study reports a lack of radiosensitization in response to REV1 inhibition by small molecule inhibitors in ionizing radiation-exposed cancer cells. Instead, REV1 inhibition unexpectedly triggers autophagy, which is a known biomarker of radioresistance. Collectively, we report a possible role of REV1 TLS protein in determining cancer treatment outcomes depending upon the type of DNA damage inflicted. Furthermore, we discover REV1 inhibition directly triggers autophagy, an uncharacterized REV1 phenotype, with significant bearing on cancer treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Recent Progress of Stem Cell Therapy in Cancer Treatment: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Applications

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh-Toi Chu ◽  
Tiep Tien Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Le Bao Tien ◽  
Dang-Khoa Tran ◽  
Jee-Heon Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Potential Applications

The insufficient and unspecific target of traditional therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment often leads to therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Over the past decades, accumulating discoveries about stem cell biology have provided new potential approaches to cure cancer patients. Stem cells possess unique biological actions, including self-renewal, directional migration, differentiation, and modulatory effects on other cells, which can be utilized as regenerative medicine, therapeutic carriers, drug targeting, and generation of immune cells. In this review, we emphasize the mechanisms underlying the use of various types of stem cells in cancer treatment. In addition, we summarize recent progress in the clinical applications of stem cells, as well as common risks of this therapy. We finally give general directions for future studies, aiming to improve overall outcomes in the fight against cancer.

scholarly journals Phytotherapeutics Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Lipid Peroxidation in Severe and Chronic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavondo-Nyajena Mukuwa Greanious Alfred ◽  
Ncube Nesisa ◽  
Sibanda Alfred ◽  
Dube Delton ◽  
Chikuse Francis Farai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Reaction Cell ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Disease States

Lipid peroxidation is an end process of cellular injury driven by oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation through several molecular changes. Metabolism-generated reactive oxygen species avidly attack the polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipid cell membranes, initiating a self-propagating chain-reaction. Cell membrane destruction, lipids and the end-products of lipid peroxidation reactions are hostile to the viability of cells, even tissues causing and exacerbating Diabetes Mellitus (DM), neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Current treatment regimens have untoward side effects in the long-term necessitating phytochemical use as these are part of natural food sources. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms may be over run causing lipid peroxidation to take place. In disease states, oxidative stress may increase with subsequent production of increased free radicals which may over run the antioxidant capacity of the body with resultant oxidative damage on polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell fluid membranes with cellular and tissue damage. Phytochemicals, have been shown to ameliorate diseases through attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, causing tissue regeneration by regulating signaling systems and neuroprotective processes. Involvement of polyphenolic and non-phenolic phytochemical in the attenuation of OS, inflammation and lipid peroxidation remain areas of critical importance in combating DM, CVDA, NDD and RA.

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