scholarly journals Mikania glomerata: Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Neurochemical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena C. L. R. Santana ◽  
Maria R. M. Brito ◽  
George L. S. Oliveira ◽  
Antônia M. G. L. Citó ◽  
Clayton Q. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Methyl Cinnamate ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gaba Antagonist

The present study primarily aims to identify the relative density and the fatty acids (methyl esters) content present in the standardized ethanol extract of leaves ofM. glomerata(EPMG). Meanwhile, in a second moment, this study evaluated the effects of the EPMG on the levels of amino acids in the hippocampus, and the mechanism of sedative and anxiolytic action. Adult mice were treated with doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg and evaluated in open field, elevated plus-maze, light dark, and rotarod tests. Moreover, in the behavioral tests diazepam (GABAergic anxiolytic, 2 mg/kg) as positive control and flumazenil (GABA antagonist, 2.5 mg/kg) were used to identify mechanism of sedative and anxiolytic action produced by EPMG. The EPMG is constituted by the following compounds: methyl cinnamate, 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, (2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl propionate, (Z)-methyl-hexadec-7-enoate, methyl hexadecanoate, hexadecanoic acid, (Z)-methyl-octadec-9-enoate, octadecanoic acid, and squalene. This extract demonstrated anxiolytic effects, which may be mediated by GABAergic system, and was able to increase GABA levels and reduce of glutamate and aspartate concentrations in mice hippocampus, which can directly and/or indirectly assist in their anxiolytic effect. Although more studies are needed, the EPMG could represent an interesting therapeutical strategy in the treatment of anxiety.

scholarly journals Absence of sibutramine effect on spontaneous anxiety in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana S. Frassetto ◽  
Isis O. Alves ◽  
Marislane M. Santos ◽  
Ana E. S. Schmidt ◽  
Janaína J. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Acute And Chronic Treatments

INTRODUSTION: Sibutramine has been described as a drug recommended for treatment of obesity, since it has the ability to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline in the central nervous system, thereby increasing energy expenditure. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of acute and chronic treatment with sibutramine in rats submitted to the task of the elevated plus-maze. METHODS: Diazepam was used as a positive control for the anxiolytic effect, and the task of the elevated plus-maze showed sensitivity to detect the effect. In the chronic treatment, sibutramine was ingested for a period of two months. RESULTS: The acute and chronic treatments at the studied dose, which is described to produce a maximum effect of anti-obesity in rats, did not interfere with anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The acute and chronic administration of sibutramine is not related to anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects.

scholarly journals ANTIANXIETY EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FRUITS OF LIMONIA ACIDISSIMA IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Chouhan Vaishali ◽  
Sujane Sandhya ◽  
Bapna Rajendra ◽  
Pyathi Asharani
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Limonia Acidissima

Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental ailments exhibited by human. It is characterized by motor tension, sympathetic hyperactivity and apprehension and vigilance syndromes. A part from very few chemical remedies available like benzodiazepine and serotonin modulators, not much treatment options are at hand that safely and effectively alleviate anxiety. The ethanol extract of the fruits of plant Limonia acidissima was evaluated for its anti-anxiety activity in swiss albino mice at dose 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight. Anti-anxiety was assessed by using elevated plus maze (EPM) and light and dark model methods. The ethanolic extract exhibit anxiolytic effect in experimental mice. So it is supports the use of Limonia acidissima as anxiolytic agents. Further investigation should be made to elucidate the active constituent of responsible for the activity.

scholarly journals Effects of Simultaneous Reinforcement of Endocannabinoid and Cholinergic Systems on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Shahidi ◽  
Asghar Dindar ◽  
Alireza Komaki ◽  
Reihaneh Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Cholinergic Systems ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
High Doses

Abstract ObjectiveAnxiety behavior is regulated by different neurotransmitter systems. There has been no direct relationship between endocannabinoid and cholinergic systems on anxiety in previous studies. This study investigated the effects of each of these systems separately and simultaneously using Donepezil (Cholinesterase inhibitor) and URB-597 (endocannabinoid degrading enzyme inhibitor) on anxiety-like behavior. MethodEighty-eight male mice were divided into eleven groups (n=8) including control (saline), diazepam (0.3 mg /kg), URB-597 (0.1, 0.3, or 1 mg /kg), donepezil (0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg) and the combination of the two drugs at low, medium and high doses. All treatments were injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the elevated plus maze test. ResultsSeparate administration of URB597, donepezil or diazepam increased the number and time spent of open arms compared to the control group. Concurrent administration of URB and donepezil at low, medium and high doses did not change the number of open arms entries compared to the control group, but they reduced the number of entries to the closed arms. ConclusionsThese results suggest that strengthening any cholinergic or endocannabinoid system has anxiolytic effect similar to diazepam. However, the interaction of these two systems has fewer anxiolytic effects compared to the effects of each alone. It seems that these drugs alone may represent a strategy for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Flower of ‘Shanzhizi’ (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) and Involvement of Serotonergic System in Its Anxiolytic Effect

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4702
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Mu Luo ◽  
Lei He ◽  
Lei Yao
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptor ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is a famous fragrant flower in China. Previous pharmacological research mainly focuses on its fruit. In this study, the essential oil of the flower of ‘Shanzhizi’, which was a major variety for traditional Chinese medicine use, was extracted by hydro distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Mouse anxiety models included open field, elevated plus maze (EPM), and light and dark box (LDB), which were used to evaluate its anxiolytic effect via inhalation. The involvement of monoamine system was studied by pretreatment with neurotransmitter receptor antagonists WAY100635, flumazenil and sulpiride. The monoamine neurotransmitters contents in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus after aroma inhalation were also analyzed. The results showed that inhalation of G. jasminoides essential oil could significantly elevated the time and entries into open arms in EPM tests and the time explored in the light chamber in LDB tests with no sedative effect. WAY100635 and sulpiride, but not flumazenil, blocked its anxiolytic effect. Inhalation of G. jasminoides essential oil significantly down-regulated the 5-HIAA/5-HT in the PFC and reduced the 5-HIAA content in hippocampus compared to the control treatment. In conclusion, inhalation of gardenia essential oil showed an anxiolytic effect in mice. Monoamine, especially the serotonergic system, was involved in its anxiolytic effect.

Effects of single and combined gabapentin use in elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Sultan Kilic ◽  
Sule Ismailoglu ◽  
Bilgin Kaygisiz ◽  
Setenay Oner
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Antidepressant Effects

BackgroundGabapentin, a third-generation antiepileptic drug, is a structural analogue of γ-aminobutyric acid, which is an important mediator of central nervous system. There is clinical data indicating its effectiveness in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects and mechanisms of gabapentin in rats.Material and MethodsFemale Spraque–Dawley rats weighing 250±20 g were used. A total of 13 groups were formed, each containing 8 rats: gabapentin (5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg), amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), sertraline (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg), ketamine (10 mg/kg), gabapentin 20 mg/kg was also combined with amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), sertraline (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg). All the drugs were used intraperitoneally as single dose. Saline was administered to the control group. Elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests were used as experimental models of anxiety and depression, respectively.ResultsIt was observed that gabapentin showed an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effect in all doses in rats. Its antidepressant effect was found to be the same as the antidepressant effects of amitriptyline and sertraline. There was no change in the antidepressant effect when gabapentin was combined with amitriptyline and ketamine, but there was an increase when combined with sertraline and diazepam. Gabapentin and amitriptyline showed similar anxiolytic effect, whereas ketamine and diazepam had more potent anxiolytic effect compared with them.ConclusionsThese data suggest that gabapentin may possess antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIANXIETY EFFECT OF DRIED FRUITS OF PRUNUS AMERICANA MARSH

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Saurabh Sharma ◽  
Barinderjit Kaur ◽  
Ashish Suttee ◽  
Hayat M Mukhtar ◽  
Vandna Kalsi
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Choice Tests

Objective: To evaluate antianxiety effect of dried fruits of Prunus americana Marsh. Family Rosaceae.Methods: Phytochemical screening was performed on various extracts of the fruits. Elevated plus maze and light/dark choice tests were used for screening of antianxiety activity. Diazepam (2 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug.Results: Phytochemical screening has shown the presence of various constituents such as flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, phenols, and saponins. Different concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg) of the ethanolic extract of P. americana have shown promising results. Significant antianxiety activity was observed in ethanol extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg in both models.Conclusion: The present study suggests that ethanolic extract of P. americana contains certain chemical components that are responsible for the antianxiety effect of the fruits of the plant. The plant may be considered for the management of various disorders related to anxiety.

scholarly journals Anxiolytic effect of clonazepam in female rats: Grooming microstructure and elevated plus maze tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 684 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício S. Nin ◽  
Natividade S. Couto-Pereira ◽  
Marilise F. Souza ◽  
Lucas A. Azeredo ◽  
Marcelo K. Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Plus Maze
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