scholarly journals Assessment of Electrical Load in Water Distribution Systems Using Representative Load Profiles-Based Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Grigoras
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Electrical Load ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption

The problem of optimal management of a water distribution system includes the determination of the operation regime for each hydrophore station. The optimal operation of a water distribution system means a maximum attention to assess the demands of the water, with minimum electrical energy consumption. The analysis of load profiles corresponding to a water distribution system can be the first step that water companies must make to assess the electrical energy consumption. This paper presents a new method to assess the electrical load in water distribution systems, taking into account the time-dependent evolution of loads from the hydrophore stations. The proposed method is tested on a real urban water distribution system, showing its effectiveness in obtaining the electrical energy consumption with a relatively low computational burden.

Risk Assessment Modeling for Water Distribution Systems in Mega Cities

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 2957-2960
Author(s):  
Jia Sun ◽  
Guo Ping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Mega Cities

In study of a series of damages to water distribution systems caused by urban land subsidence, risk assessment modeling is necessary for risk management especially in Mega-cities. First of all, the Catastrophe Theory was employed to analyze the Catastrophe mechanism, and a function catastrophe simulation model was established accordingly to get the vulnerability index of water distribution system. Secondly, risk entropy model was used to analyze the risk of pipe network suffering the land subsidence with the disorder and uncertainty features according to risk theory. Finally, to get the risk index the water distribution system of Guangzhou city was taken to the risk assessment model utilizing the level of land subsidence identified by the dimensional analytical method. The results showed that the risk of land subsidence under the city water distribution system security upgrade is feasible to provide a risk assessment of the strategic decision-making model.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF WATER SPEED INFLUENCE IN HOT-WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ON THE AMOUNT OF HEAT LOSS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Peter Kapalo ◽  
◽  
Khrystyna Kozak ◽  
Khrystyna Myroniuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Hot Water Supply System

One of the main tasks around the world is to reduce energy consumption with constant consumer comfort. The hot water supply system uses a significant part of thermal energy and requires no less attention than the heating or ventilation system. The amount of heat loss from hot water distribution systems is of great importance for the energy consumption of buildings. In winter, part of this heat is used for space heating, in summer they are unused and is considered as lost heat. For this reason, this paper considers the influence of water velocity in the pipe, pipe size, and water temperature on the total heat losses in the insulated hot-water distribution system. The data are presented in tabular and graphical form. A graph of the dependence of the amount of heat loss on the temperature and velocity of hot water is obtained.

scholarly journals Analisis Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih di Perumahan Ciomas Permai Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Kiki Rizky Fauziah ◽  
Nora Pandjaitan ◽  
Titiek Ujianti Karunia
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Customer Requirements

Water distribution systems are often problematic in terms of quantity, pressure, continuity and quality. The research aimed to analyze water distribution system of PDAM Tirta Kahuripan Kabupaten Bogor in Ciomas Permai Residence. The research was conducted by collecting primary and secondary data. Analysis of clean water distribution system was carried out using the EPANET 2.0. Ciomas Permai Residence was located in zone 6 of PDAM Tirta Kahuripan servive areas. The result showed that the quality of the distributed water was in accordance with the applicable standard and continuous for 24 hours even though there were significant discharge differences during peak hours. Based on the measurement on Sunday and Monday, the minimum discharge were 14.4 l/sec and 13.8 l/sec respectively, higher than customer requirements of 7.34 l/sec, The water distribution pressure ranged from 0.7 - 1.35 bar. The result of clean water distribution simulation using EPANET 2.0 showed that the velocity of water and headloss were not accordance with the applicable standards.

A New Energy Optimization Strategy for Pumping Operation in Water Distribution Systems

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhafar Al-Ani ◽  
Saeid Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Multi Objective

As time goes on, more and more operating-modes based on changing demand profiles will be compiled to enrich the range of feasible solutions for a water distribution system. This implies the conservation of energy consumed by a water pumping station and improves the ability for energy optimization. Another important goal was improving safety, reliability, and maintenance cost. In this paper, three important goals were addressed: cost-effectives, safety, and self-sustainability operations of water distribution systems. In this work, the objective functions to optimize were total electrical energy cost, maintenance costs, and reservoir water level variation while preserving the service provided to water clients. To accomplish these goals, an effective Energy Optimization Strategy (EOS) that manages trade-off among operational cost, system safety, and reliability was proposed. Moreover, the EOS aims at improving the operating conditions (i.e., pumping schedule) of an existing network system (i.e., with given capacities of tanks) and without physical changes in the infrastructure of the distribution systems. The new strategy consisted of a new Parallel Multi-objective Particle Swarm optimization with Adaptive Search-space Boundaries (P-MOPSO-ASB) and a modified EPANET. This has several advantages: obtaining a Pareto-front with solutions that are quantitatively equally good and providing the decision maker with the opportunity to qualitatively compare the solutions before their implementation into practice. The multi-objective optimization approach developed in this paper follows modern applications that combine an optimization algorithm with a network simulation model by using full hydraulic simulations and distributed demand models. The proposed EOS was successfully applied to a rural water distribution system, namely Saskatoon West. The results showed that a potential for considerable cost reductions in total energy cost was achieved (approximately % 7.5). Furthermore, the safety and the reliability of the system are preserved by using the new optimal pump schedules.

scholarly journals Reliability analysis of water distribution systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
The Many ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Reliability is an integral part of all decisions regarding water distribution system layout, design, operation and maintenance. Providing reliability for water distribution systems is complicated due to the many factors that affect reliability, the inherent nonlinear behavior of the system and its consumers, and due to the different conflicting objectives facing a water distribution system utility. Although the reliability of water distribution systems has received considerable attention over the last two decades, there is still no common, acceptable, reliability measure or reliability assessment methodology. This paper describes the classification and reliability analysis methodologies of water distribution systems and compares two previously published algorithms for reliability evaluation of water distribution systems: a tailor-made ‘lumped supply–lumped demand’ approach used most commonly in regional water distribution systems and a general stochastic (Monte Carlo) framework suitable for any generic network.

Investigation into biofilms in a local drinking water distribution system

Biofilms ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Hu ◽  
B. Yu ◽  
Y. Y. Feng ◽  
X. L. Tan ◽  
S. L. Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Biofilm Development

Biofilm growth within a water distribution system could lead to operational problems such as pipe corrosion, water quality deterioration and other undesirable impacts in water distribution systems. With the high ambient temperatures experienced in Singapore, the operating environment in water distribution systems is expected to be more conducive to biofilm development. We have recently conducted a survey on biofilms potentially present in a local water distribution system.The survey results indicated that residual chlorine (±standard deviation) decreased from 1.49±0.61 mg/l (water plant outlets) to 0.82±0.21 mg/l (block pipes) or 0.18±0.06 mg/l (unit pipes), respectively. Consumed chlorine, instead of residual chlorine, was found to be correlated with biofilm bacterial population. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) level was 160±66 μg acetate C/l, and AOC:PO4-P:NO3-N was about 8:13:1. Carbon source seemed to be the limiting nutrient for bacterial growth. The concentration of iron increased from <0.04 mg/l (water plant outlets) to 0.22±0.10 mg/l (all sites). All samples showed negative results in a coliform test. The average heterotrophic plate count (HPC) for the suspended bacteria was 20 colony-forming units (c.f.u.)/ml (2 days, 35 °C) or 290 c.f.u./ml (8 days, 35 °C). The average HPC for the biofilm bacteria was 6500 c.f.u./cm2 (2 days, 35 °C) or 29000 c.f.u./cm2 (8 days, 35 °C). High HPC values in samples B2a, B2b and B3a (representing biofilm samples at site 2 from block/unit pipes and biofilm samples at site 3 from block pipes, respectively) illustrated that the relevant sample sites had a higher probaboility of biofilm growth.

Microbial Diversity and their Biofilm Formation Potential in Pipes of Water Distribution System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Rajanbir Kaur ◽  
Rajinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Water Borne

Microbes are ubiquitous in surface as well as in ground water and some of them can make their way into potable water distribution systems. Contaminated soil with human and animal fecal matter, ill-maintained water and sewage pipelines, poor sanitation and personal hygiene are the main factors responsible for the presence of microbial pathogens in the drinking water. The presence of water-borne microbes in the potable drinking water systems determines its quality. Common microbes present in contaminated water are Shigella, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas sp, Salmonella sp etc. The water-borne pathogens that reside and reproduce in water distribution system causes infection of gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, skin, and lymph nodes. When these pathogens enter into the water distribution system pipelines they form biofilms. The formation of biofilm is a key component in microbial studies. Biofilm is the sessile aggregation of bacterial cells that adhere to each other on living or non-living surfaces and forms extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The surface physico-chemical properties of both bacteria and substratum were important for the establishment of bacterial adhesion. Bacteria forming biofilms possesses different growth patterns, responds to specific micro-environmental conditions for the formation of structurally complex mature biofilms. In water distribution systems, adhesion of microbes to the water pipelines initiate biofilm formation which in return reduces the quality of potable water and increases the corrosion of pipes.

Modelling and reliability analysis of water distribution systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Tanyimboh ◽  
R. Burd ◽  
R. Burrows ◽  
M. Tabesh
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Component ◽  
Pressure Driven

This paper describes pressure-driven simulation and highlights the important role that it plays in the management of water distribution systems. Two cases are described for a real water distribution system of about 5,100 nodes serving a population of approximately 44,000. One case involves the simulation of the effects of the failure of a major system component. The other case is concerned with the capacity of the distribution system with reference to growing demands over a planning horizon spanning two decades. The examples considered demonstrate the primacy of pressures in water distribution systems and highlight some of the shortcomings of demand-driven methods for analysing water distribution systems.

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