scholarly journals Galectin-3 Reflects Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion Being Assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Michael Behnes ◽  
Michele Natale ◽  
Julia Hoffmann ◽  
Nadine Reckord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Right Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
I 11

Background. This study investigates whether serum levels of galectin-3 may reflect impaired mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) in patients undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI).Methods. Patients undergoing cMRI during routine clinical care were included prospectively within an all-comers design. Blood samples for biomarker measurements were collected within 24 hours following cMRI. Statistical analyses were performed in all patients and in three subgroups according to MAPSE (MAPSE I: ≥11 mm, MAPSE II: ≥8 mm–<11 mm, and MAPSE III: <8 mm). Patients with right ventricular dysfunction (<50%) were excluded.Results. 84 patients were included in the study. Median LVEF was 59% (IQR 51–64%). Galectin-3 correlated significantly with NT-proBNP (r=0.42,p=0.0001). Galectin-3 increased significantly according to the different stages of impaired MAPSE (p=0.006) and was able to discriminate both patients with impaired MAPSE <11 mm (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.645,p=0.024) and <8 mm (AUC = 0.733,p=0.003). Combining galectin-3 with NT-proBNP improved discrimination of MAPSE <8 mm (AUC 0.803,p=0.0001). In multivariable logistic regression models galectin-3 was still associated with impaired MAPSE (MAPSE < 11 mm: odds ratio (OR) = 3.53,p=0.018; MAPSE < 8 mm: OR = 3.18,p=0.06).Conclusions. Galectin-3 reflects MAPSE being assessed by cardiac MRI.

scholarly journals Vertebrobasilar Artery Geometry and Bisilar Artery Plaques: A High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Stydy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmei Zheng ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Ruolan Lin ◽  
Yongqi Teng ◽  
Xihai Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Artery ◽  
Number Of Bends ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Atherosclerotic plaques are often present in regions with complicated flow patterns. Vascular morphology plays a role in hemodynamics. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the geometry of the vertebrobasilar artery system and the basilar artery (BA) plaque prevalence.Methods We enrolled 290 patients with posterior circulation ischemic stroke. We distinguished four configurations of the vertebrobasilar artery: Walking, Tuning Fork, Lambda, and No Confluence. The diameter of the vertebral artery (VA) and the number of bends in the intracranial VA segment was assessed using three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography. We differentiated between multi-bending (≥ 3 bends) and oligo-bending (< 3 bends) VAs. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate BA plaques. Logistic regression models examined the relationship between the geometry type and BA plaque prevalence.Results After adjusting for sex, age, body mass index ≥ 28, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, the Walking, Lambda, and No Confluence geometries were associated with the presence of BA plaque. Patients with multi-bending VAs in both the Walking (71.43%, P = 0.003) and Lambda group (40.43%, P = 0.018) had more plaques compared to patients with oligo-bending VAs in these groups. In the Lambda group, the diameter difference between the VAs was larger in patients with BA plaques than that in patients without BA plaques (1.4 mm vs. 0.9 mm, P < 0.001).Conclusions The Walking, Lambda, and No Confluence geometry, ≥ 3 bends in the VAs, and a large diameter difference between the VAs were associated with the presence of BA plaque.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Grayscale Values of Hypoechoic Lesions Matched with Target Lesions Observed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Prediction of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Gyun Kim ◽  
Jeong Woo Yoo ◽  
Kyo Chul Koo ◽  
Byung Ha Chung ◽  
Kwang Suk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Picture Archiving And Communication ◽  
Clinically Significant

Abstract INTRODUCTION: To analyze grayscale values for hypoechoic lesions matched with target lesions evaluated using prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We collected data on 420 target lesions in patients who underwent MRI/transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsies. Images of hypoechoic lesions that matched the target lesions on MRI were stored in a picture archiving and communication system, and their grayscale values were estimated using the red/green/blue scoring method through an embedded function. We analyzed imaging data using grayscale values. RESULTS Of the 420 lesions, 261 (62.1%) were prostate cancer lesions. Grayscale ranges (42.6–91.8) were significant predictors of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC) in multivariable logistic regression analyses. Area under the curve for detecting csPC using grayscale values along with conventional variables was 0.839, which was significantly higher than that for detecting csPC using only conventional variables (0.828; p = 0.036). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference for PI-RADS 3 lesions between grayscale values for benign and cancerous lesions (p = 0.008). Grayscale values were the only significant predictive factor (p = 0.005) for csPC. CONCLUSIONS Distribution of grayscale values according to PI-RAD 3 scores was useful, and the grayscale range (42.6–91.8) was an important factor for csPC diagnosis.

scholarly journals Associations Between Plasma Ceramides and Cerebral Microbleeds or Lacunes

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2785-2793
Author(s):  
Eseosa T. Ighodaro ◽  
Jonathan Graff-Radford ◽  
Jeremy A. Syrjanen ◽  
Hai H. Bui ◽  
Ronald C. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cerebral Microbleeds ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Objective: High plasma ceramide levels and ratios are associated with poor outcomes in individuals with cardiovascular disease; less is known about their relation to cerebral small vessel disease. We examined whether high plasma ceramide levels or ratios were associated with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and lacunes and whether associations differ by sex. Approach and Results: We included 548 participants enrolled in the MCSA (Mayo Clinic Study of Aging) with concurrent plasma ceramide assays and magnetic resonance imaging. CMBs were quantified on T2* magnetic resonance imaging and lacunes on T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging. Fasting plasma ceramides were assayed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus to examine the relationship between ceramides and presence of a lacune; hurdle models were used for presence and number of CMBs. Each SD increase in the log ceramide C16:0/24:0 ratio was associated with greater odds of a CMB (odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.01–1.64]). There was an interaction between sex and the ceramide C16:0/24:0 ratio ( P =0.049). The association between this ratio and presence of a CMB was stronger for women (odds ratio, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.20–3.00]) than men (odds ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.80–1.46]). Several ceramides and all ceramide ratios were associated with number of CMBs. We did not find associations between plasma ceramides and lacunes. Conclusions: In a population-based sample, the plasma ceramide C16:0/24:0 ratio was associated with CMBs and was stronger for women. Plasma ceramides are differentially associated with cerebral small vessel pathologies.

scholarly journals Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analyses, Clinical Parameters, and Preoperative Nomograms in the Prediction of Extraprostatic Extension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-775
Author(s):  
Natalia Majchrzak ◽  
Piotr Cieśliński ◽  
Maciej Głyda ◽  
Katarzyna Karmelita-Katulska
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Specific Site ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Fusion ◽  
Extraprostatic Extension

Introduction: Proper planning of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) is crucial to achieving good oncological results with the possibility of preserving potency and continence. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the radiological and clinical parameters that can predict the risk of extraprostatic extension (EPE) for a specific site of the prostate. Predictive models and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) data from patients qualified for RP were compared. Material and methods: The study included 61 patients who underwent laparoscopic RP. mpMRI preceded transrectal systematic and cognitive fusion biopsy. Martini, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), and Partin Tables nomograms were used to assess the risk of EPE. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for the models and compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the combination of variables that best predicted EPE risk based on final histopathology. Results: The combination of mpMRI indicating or suspecting EPE (odds ratio (OR) = 7.49 (2.31–24.27), p < 0.001) and PSA ≥ 20 ng/mL (OR = 12.06 (1.1–132.15), p = 0.04) best predicted the risk of EPE for a specific side of the prostate. For the prediction of ipsilateral EPE risk, the AUC for Martini’s nomogram vs. mpMRI was 0.73 (p < 0.001) vs. 0.63 (p = 0.005), respectively (p = 0.131). The assessment of a non-specific site of EPE by MSKCC vs. Partin Tables showed AUC values of 0.71 (p = 0.007) vs. 0.63 (p = 0.074), respectively (p = 0.211). Conclusions: The combined use of mpMRI, the results of the systematic and targeted biopsy, and prostate-specific antigen baseline can effectively predict ipsilateral EPE (pT3 stage).

scholarly journals Preprocedure Application of Machine Learning and Mechanistic Simulations Predicts Likelihood of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Following Pulmonary Vein Isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K. Shade ◽  
Rheeda L. Ali ◽  
Dante Basile ◽  
Dan Popescu ◽  
Tauseef Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Vein Isolation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Af Recurrence

Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an effective treatment strategy for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but many experience AF recurrence and require repeat ablation procedures. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a methodology that combines machine learning (ML) and personalized computational modeling to predict, before PVI, which patients are most likely to experience AF recurrence after PVI. Methods: This single-center retrospective proof-of-concept study included 32 patients with documented paroxysmal AF who underwent PVI and had preprocedural late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. For each patient, a personalized computational model of the left atrium simulated AF induction via rapid pacing. Features were derived from pre-PVI late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance images and from results of simulations of AF induction. The most predictive features were used as input to a quadratic discriminant analysis ML classifier, which was trained, optimized, and evaluated with 10-fold nested cross-validation to predict the probability of AF recurrence post-PVI. Results: In our cohort, the ML classifier predicted probability of AF recurrence with an average validation sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 89%, respectively, and a validation area under the curve of 0.82. Dissecting the relative contributions of simulations of AF induction and raw images to the predictive capability of the ML classifier, we found that when only features from simulations of AF induction were used to train the ML classifier, its performance remained similar (validation area under the curve, 0.81). However, when only features extracted from raw images were used for training, the validation area under the curve significantly decreased (0.47). Conclusions: ML and personalized computational modeling can be used together to accurately predict, using only pre-PVI late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans as input, whether a patient is likely to experience AF recurrence following PVI, even when the patient cohort is small.

Small Endogeneous Peptide Mitigates Myocardial Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Cardioselective Galectin-3 Overexpression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati D. Sonkawade ◽  
Saraswati Pokharel ◽  
Badri Karthikeyan ◽  
Minhyung Kim ◽  
Shirley Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Galectin 3

Background: Myocardial Gal3 (galectin-3) expression is associated with cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Increased Gal3 portends susceptibility to heart failure and death. There are no data reporting the causative role of Gal3 to mediate cardiac fibro-inflammatory response and heart failure. Methods: We developed a cardioselective Gal3 gain-of-function mouse ( Gal3+/+ ) using α-myosin heavy chain promotor. We confirmed Gal3-transgene expression with real-time polymerase chain reaction and quantified cardiac/circulating Gal3 with Western blot and immunoassays. We used echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to measure cardiac volumes, function, and myocardial velocities. Ex vivo, we studied myocardial inflammation/fibrosis and downstream TGF (transforming growth factor) β1-mRNA expression. We examined the effects of acute myocardial ischemia in presence of excess Gal3 by inducing acute myocardial infarction in mice. Two subsets of mice including mice treated with N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (a Gal3-inhibitor) and mice with genetic Gal3 loss-of-function ( Gal3 −/−) were studied for comparative analysis of Gal3 function. Results: Gal3+/+ mice had increased cardiac/circulating Gal3. Gal3+/+ mice showed excess pericardial fat pad, dilated ventricles and cardiac dysfunction, which was partly normalized by N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed reduced myocardial contractile velocities in Gal3+/+ . The majority of Gal3+/+ mice did not survive acute myocardial infarction, and the survivors had profound cardiac dysfunction. Myocardial histology of Gal3+/+ mice showed macrophage/mast-cell infiltration, fibrosis and higher TGFβ1-mRNA expression, which were mitigated by both Gal3 gene deletion and N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline administration. Conclusions: Our study shows that cardioselective Gal3 overexpression leads to multiple cardiac phenotypic defects including ventricular dilation and cardiac dysfunction. Pharmacological Gal3 inhibition conferred protective effects with reduction of inflammation and fibrosis. Our study highlights the importance of translational studies to counteract Gal3 function and prevent cardiac dysfunction.

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