scholarly journals In SituAtomistic Deformation Mechanisms Study of Nanowires

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghai Yue ◽  
Qihua Gong ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Experimental Mechanics ◽  
Deformation Dynamics ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Research

“Smaller is stronger,” sub-, micro-, and nanomaterials exhibit high strength, ultralarge elasticity and unusual plastic and fracture behaviors which originate from their size effect and the low density of defects, different from their conventional bulk counterparts. To understand the structural evolution process under external stress at atomic scale is crucial for us to reveal the essence of these “unusual” phenomena and is momentous in the design of new materials. Our review presents the recent developments in the methods, techniques, instrumentation, and scientific progress of atomic scalein situdeformation dynamics on single crystalline nanowires. The super-large elasticity, plastic deformation mechanism transmission, and unusual fracture behavior related to the experimental mechanics of nanomaterials are reviewed.In situexperimental mechanics at the atomic scale open a new research field which is important not only to the microscopic methodology but also to the practice.

scholarly journals Architecture and Engineering: The Challenges—Trends—Achievements

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Oleg Kapliński ◽  
Wojciech Bonenberg
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
New Research ◽  
Current Special Issue

The current Special Issue is addressed to architects and engineers. Design and research are areas connecting their activities. A review of 17 published articles confirms the fact that the interface between architecture and engineering is multidimensional. The ways of finding points of contact between the two industries are highlighted. This is favoured by the dynamically changing reality, supported by new design paradigms and new research techniques. The multi-threaded subject matter of the articles is reduced to six blocks: research scopes, methods, design aspects, context, nature of research, and economy and cost calculation. Each of the articles in these six blocks has its weight, and so, in the “Nature of research” block, the following areas have been underscored: laboratory tests, in situ research, field investigations, and street perception experiments. The “Design aspects” block includes design-oriented thinking, geometrical forms, location of buildings, cost prediction, attractor and distractor elements, and shaping spatial structures. The new design and research tools are an inspiration and a keystone bonding architects and engineers.

Understanding the structural evolution of Au/WO2.7 compounds in hydrogen atmosphere by atomic scale in situ environmental TEM

Nano Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3019-3024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Hui ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Yanhui Chen ◽  
Chunhui Wang ◽  
Jingping Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Environmental Tem

scholarly journals In situ experimental mechanics of nanomaterials at the atomic scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e40-e40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Ze Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Han
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Experimental Mechanics

In situ characterization of metals at extremes

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Browning ◽  
G. H. Campbell ◽  
J. A. Hawreliak ◽  
M. A. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Radiation Conditions ◽  
Temperature Strain

The fundamental processes taking place in metals under extreme conditions can occur on ultrafast timescales (i.e., nanoseconds to picoseconds), and yet their result can continue to have a significant impact on the structural properties for many years to follow. The challenge in developing in situ methods for characterization under extreme conditions therefore involves both the modification of the instrumentation to implement the high-temperature, strain, and radiation conditions and the definition of the timescale over which the measurement must be made. While techniques are well established for characterization of the long-term effects of extreme conditions, experiments are only just beginning to probe the initial stages of structural evolution. This article reviews recent developments in optical, x-ray, and electron probes of metals under extreme conditions and also discusses the needs for future experiments and potential pathways to achieving these goals.

scholarly journals The illusion of science in comparative cognition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin George Farrar ◽  
Ljerka Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Formal Method ◽  
Comparative Cognition ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Research Field ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Science Movement

A prominent vein of comparative cognition research asks which cognitive abilities may be ascribed to different species. Here, we argue that the current structure of comparative cognition makes it near impossible to evaluate the accuracy of many of the claims produced by the field’s empirical research. We base this argument on six observations: i) the field is biased towards confirming more exceptional abilities in animals, ii) a likely high rate of false positive discovery, iii) the persistence of the bias towards more exceptional abilities, even in the presence of strong methodological criticism, iv) the absence of a formal method to assess evidence of absence of a cognitive ability, v) the ambiguity in definitions used to make claims, and vi) the small size of the research field. We then highlight how the widespread methodological and conceptual criticism in the comparative cognition literature does not facilitate scientific progress, rather it can impede it by creating an illusion of scientific rigour. Finally, we call for a reform of our research field that draws on recent developments in related fields and the Open Science movement.

scholarly journals Scientometric analysis of COVID-19 studies: how the velocity of science leads to discoveries and new technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Coccia
Keyword(s):  
Science Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Short Period ◽  
New Research ◽  
Dynamics Of Science

Abstract Scholars argue that the ‘‘science of science’’ studies have to investigate the critical role of exogenous events in the emergence of new research fields. The goal of this study is to analyze and explain the birth and growth of new research fields driven by exogenous event to science, such as COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) global pandemic crisis. This study here analyzes how the novel research field of COVID-19 emerges, in a comparative analysis with other scientific fields concerning respiratory illnesses (e.g., Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD and Lung Cancer), to explain factors determining the unique dynamics of science that is generating scientific breakthroughs in a short period of time. The origin and evolution of the research field of COVID-19 reveal that has an acceleration of scientific production equal to a growth of 1.71% daily in 2020, laying the foundations for science advances and a likely paradigm shift in the treatment of infectious diseases with novel mRNA vaccines. Main results are generalized in properties that clarify the dynamics of science and explain the characteristics that generate the origin and evolution of new research fields driven by unforeseen crises with critical implications for technological and social change directed scientific progress of human societies.

HREM Analysis of TiB2 - Ti3B4 Precipitates Grown in-Situin TiAl

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 625-626
Author(s):  
B.J. Inkson ◽  
M. Rühle
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Tial Alloys ◽  
Alloying Additions ◽  
Titanium Borides ◽  
Intermetallic Matrix ◽  
First Time

TiAl alloys are being developed for future use as lightweight, high strength structural materials for the aerospace and automotive industries. The growth of titanium borides in-situ in a TiAl melt can lead to a variety of structures, such as TiB (Bf and B27 structures) and TiB2, depending on the Ti/Al ratio in the melt, and on the presence of further alloying additions [1,2]. The morphologies of the boride particles can be significantly altered if they grow coupled with other boride or intermetallic phases [2-4]. Since the morphology and distribution of the borides with the intermetallic matrix can significantly affect their effectiveness as creep reinforcements, the structures and growth mechanisms of these composites need to be quantified at the atomic scale.In a Ti-45.5at.%Al-1.6at.%Fe-l.lat.%V-0.7at.%B alloy know to contain TiB2 precipitates [2,3], the morphology of the boride particles have been investigated using HREM. The Stuttgart JEOL-ARM, operated at 1250kV using the side-entry pole-piece with 0.12nm point resolution, enables the distinction between individual boron and titanium columns in the titanium borides to be achieved for the first time.

In Situ Atomic-scale Observation of AuCu Alloy Nanowire with Superplasticity and High Strength at Room Temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. 100123
Author(s):  
Libo Fu ◽  
Chengpeng Yang ◽  
Rujian Wei ◽  
Xingfei Pei ◽  
Jiao Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Atomic Scale

scholarly journals Contemporary Research on Gender and Media: It’s All Political

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sofie Van Bauwel ◽  
Tonny Krijnen
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Media Audiences ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Research ◽  
Gender And Media

Recent global social changes and phenomena like #MeToo and Time’s Up Movement, the visibility of feminism in popular media (e.g., Beyonce or the TV series <em>Orange is the New Black</em>), the increase of datafication and fake news have not only put pressure on the media and entertainment industry and the content produced, but also generated critique, change and questions in the public debate on gender in general and (the backlash on) gender studies around the world. But are these phenomena also game changers for research on media and gender? In this thematic issue we want to provide insight in recent developments and trends in research on gender and media. What are the dominant ideas and debates in this research field and how do they deal with all of the changes in the media scape (e.g., platformization, the dominance of algorithms and datafication, slacktivism, and gender inequalities in media production). Moreover, how do current debates, theoretical insights and methods communicate with those in the past? The research field has changed rapidly over the last 10 years with repercussions on the conceptualisation of gender, its intersections with other identities markers (e.g., age, ethnicity, class, disabilities, sexualities, etc.), and media audiences’ responses to these developments. We welcome contributions within the scope of gender and media and which are topical in the way they introduce new concepts, theoretical insights, new methods or new research subjects.

In Situ Investigations of Chemical Reactions on Surfaces by X-Ray Diffraction at Atomospheric Pressures

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1010-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ferrer ◽  
M. D. Ackermann ◽  
E. Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Catalytic Reactions ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Single Crystal Surfaces ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Sites

AbstractCatalytic reactions occurring at metal surfaces and nanoparticles have been an established research field for decades, yielding information on adsorption sites and reaction pathways under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Recent experimental developments have made it possible to perform well-controlled in situ surface x-ray diffraction measurements from single-crystal surfaces and nanoparticles under industrially relevant conditions. In this way, a new understanding of atomic-scale processes at surfaces and nanoparticles occurring during catalytic reactions under realistic conditions has been gained. In particular, the identification of the formation of thin oxides on model catalysts and their role in oxidation reactions demonstrates the importance of in situ probes under relevant conditions.

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