scholarly journals Autoscopic Hallucination in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome: A Rare or Missed Phenomenon?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sulochana Joshi ◽  
Binita Thapa ◽  
Rabi Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Delirium Tremens ◽  
Unknown Mechanism ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Strong Suspicion

Autoscopic phenomenon, a psychic illusionary duplication of one’s own self, has been the subject of interest in the literature and science for years. It has been reported in various diseases of the central nervous system but with an unknown mechanism. Hallucinations are a common presentation in alcohol dependence syndrome during delirium tremens and as induced disorder. However, autoscopic hallucination has been rarely reported in the cases of alcohol dependence. We present a case of a 40-year-old man who experienced autoscopic hallucination during the withdrawal state of alcohol. He was successfully treated with detoxification and an antipsychotic medication and was doing well. The case highlights the need for strong suspicion and exploration of the autoscopic hallucination and autoscopic phenomenon in general in cases of alcohol dependence syndrome.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

The influence of lithium on the competence of the ectoderm in Ambystoma mexicanum

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-331
Author(s):  
D. O. E. Gebhardt ◽  
P. D. Nieuwkoop
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Amphibian Embryos ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Morphogenetic Potential ◽  
Made In

The influence of lithium on the amphibian egg has been the subject of a number of investigations. From the work of Lehmann (1937), Töndury (1938), and Pasteels (1945) it is known that exposure of amphibian embryos to lithium results in a progressive cranio-caudal reduction of the central nervous system and a simultaneous conversion of the presumptive notochord into somites. Whereas these experiments were made with whole embryos, attempts have been made in recent years to localize the lithium effect by transplanting or explanting specific parts of the embryo. Gallera (1949), for instance, concluded from his experiments with transplants containing lithium treated presumptive chorda mesoderm, that lithium had reduced the ‘morphogenetic potential’ of this inductor. Lombard (1952), on the other hand, claimed that the susceptibility of amphibian eggs towards lithium was the result of the ion's direct influence on the ectoderm rather than on the presumptive archenteron roof.

Clinical Electroencephalography of Children Vol. II, edited by Peter Kellaway and Ingemar Peterśen. New York/London: Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1968, 332 pp., $16.75

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-786
Author(s):  
Cesare T. Lombroso
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Clinical Neurophysiology ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject

This book contains twenty papers read in the summer of 1967 at a conference in Gäteborg, Sweden. This was the second symposium within the span of 4 years on the subject of electroencephalognaphy and clinical neurophysiology relating to early life. The holding of the conference is certainly an index of the great surge of interest among pediatricians, neurologists and neurophysiologists in matters pertaining to the normal development of the central nervous system as well as in the pathologic deviations of this system.

The Pathology of Milkiness, Thickening, and Opacity of the Pia-arachnoid in the Insane

1895 ◽  
Vol 41 (175) ◽  
pp. 622-635
Author(s):  
W. F. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

There is at the present time great need of more complete and definite knowledge as to the pathology of the very marked structural changes that so commonly affect the pia-arachnoid in the insane. The subject is one of much importance to all of us as medical psychologists, for not only is the condition in question one of the most conspicuous lesions associated with mental disease, but it implicates a structure of primary importance in the economy of the central nervous system. It is by way of vessels that course through this membrane that nutriment is conveyed to the brain cortex, and the waste products resulting from metabolism in the cerebral tissues are mainly conveyed away in the fluid that circulates in its lymph spaces. Therefore it is evident that these morbid changes may very seriously interfere with the functions both of nutrition and excretion in the brain.

scholarly journals Organization of GABA-Containing Neurons in Some Extrapyramidal Nuclei

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Fibiger
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Extrapyramidal System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject

SUMMARY:Nuclei of the extrapyramidal system contain among the highest levels of GABA and its synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GA D) in the central nervous system. In recent years the anatomical organization of GABAergic neurons in the extrapyramidal system has been the subject of considerable experimental enquiry. In this note, current knowledge concerning the origin and projections of GABAergic neurons in certain extrapyramidal nuclei is briefly reviewed.

On the Nature, Origin and Distribution of the Corpora Amylacea of the Brain with Observations on Some New Staining Reactions

1953 ◽  
Vol 99 (417) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Alder
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Corpora Amylacea ◽  
Amyloid Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

Corpora amylacea (C.A.) or amyloid bodies found in the brain and the product of amyloid degeneration in other organs derive their name from the starch-like reaction which they give with iodine (Virchow); otherwise these substances have few points in common, and while amyloid disease has become fairly rare nowadays, the presence of C.A. constitutes one of the regular changes in senile and senescent brains. This is perhaps why it has attracted much less attention than amyloid degeneration. For instance in 18 out of 25 papers, containing detailed accounts of the histo-pathological pictures, I found no references to C.A., yet one could hardly assume that amyloid bodies were overlooked. Most text-books pay scanty attention to the subject, while Buzzard and Greenfield (1921) consider it of no pathological significance. Since, however, C.A. are encountered under a variety of conditions (not merely senility), in greatly varying amounts and at different sites in the central nervous system, it may be worth while to investigate their nature, origin and occurrence in the light of recent observation.

The Last Laugh

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 953-953
Author(s):  
Michael Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Arthur Koestler ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up

Freud writes in his startlingly innovative book, Wit and Its Relation to the Unconscious, that “…our philosophical inquiries have not awarded to wit the important role that it plays in our mental life.” He pointed out the difficulties of studying the phenomenon scientifically, and went on to analyze the meanings of jokes and why we laugh. He emphasized the “pleasure in economy” that the central nervous system derives from the pithy nature of the witty synthesis. Since then, several authors have brought forward their own theories, Arthur Koestler among them. However, neuroscientists have shown little interest in the subject.This needs urgent attention. It is therefore welcome that at least one group of scientists is taking jokes seriously. They set up a “Laugh Lab” Web site to investigate humor, and respondents from all over the world were asked to vote for the “best” of several jokes displayed on the site. Their responses will be analyzed and hypotheses tested.

Food for inefficient thought

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Melvin D. Levine ◽  
Craig B. Liden
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
School Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject

The notion that "even an unwholesome diet" may have an impact upon the function of the central nervous system has been a recurring theme in the history of medicine and the study of human behavior. In the current issue of Pediatrics, Conners et al.1 present an important exploration of a comtemporary hypothesis regarding this association. Ultimately, their and other studies on the subject may modify our approach to the inefficient school-age child, or, alternatively, such pursuits may form another unfulfilling flirtation in the on-going romance between behaviorists and food faddists. THE POPULATION CONSIDERED In recent years, there has been growing awareness that there exists a population of children whose performance in life is handicapped significantly by intrinsic or constitutional inefficiencies.

Neuroanatomy

2012 ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
R. C. A. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

The symptoms, signs, and syndromes of psychiatry, whether organic or biological psychiatric disease or not, in the main reflect alterations in functions which reside in the cerebral cortex, including the limbic lobe, and those structures and pathways closely related to the cortex. These cortical manifestations of psychiatric disease include alterations in thought, language, perception, mood, memory, motivation, personality, behaviour, and intellect. Therefore, this brief account of brain structures and pathways that are important in psychiatry will concentrate on the cerebral cortex and related structures and pathways. Readers who require a fuller account of central nervous system anatomy are referred to the many standard texts, which give a more complete coverage of the subject. Broadly speaking, neuroanatomy can be subdivided into two parts—the topographical organization of the brain and spinal cord, and the anatomical connections forming functional pathways in the central nervous system. The former is of vital importance clinically, since pathologies rarely respect the boundaries of functional systems, and knowledge of the spatial relationships of different brain structures is increasingly useful as modern imaging methods more accurately visualize detailed brain structure in vivo. However, it is the second subdivision of the subject which makes the greater contribution to understanding the biological basis of psychiatric disease, and it is this that will be at the centre of the present account.

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