scholarly journals Play, Playfulness, and Self-Efficacy: Parental Experiences with Children on the Autism Spectrum

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Román-Oyola ◽  
Verónica Figueroa-Feliciano ◽  
Yoliannie Torres-Martínez ◽  
Jorge Torres-Vélez ◽  
Keyshla Encarnación-Pizarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Parental Experiences ◽  
Coaching Strategies

Background. Play serves as an essential medium for parent-child interaction; however, engaging children with ASD through play can be a challenge for parents.Purpose. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the perspectives of parents with children on the autism spectrum regarding play experiences and self-efficacy during play encounters.Method. Semistructured interviews were administered to 8 parents of children 3–7 years of age with ASD. The analysis was guided by the constant comparison method.Findings. Parental narratives denoted playful experiences reflecting components of Skard and Bundy’s model of playfulness. The facilitation of framing and suspension of reality were generally more challenging than facilitating intrinsic motivation and internal control. Participants associated self-efficacy during play with their perceived ability to interact with their child and with positive emotions experienced during play. Fathers generally derived a greater sense of self-efficacy from play encounters than mothers, and this was explained by differences in fathers’ and mothers’ motivations for playing. Mothers were motivated to play for outcome-oriented reasons (e.g., promote the child’s progress) whereas fathers’ motivations depicted greater emotional emphasis, reflecting a better match between motivation and perceived indicators of efficacy during play.Conclusion. The results suggest that a good match between motivation for playing and perceived indicators of efficacy during play is important for a parental sense of self-efficacy. Occupational therapists should utilize coaching strategies to increase parents’ understanding of play and playfulness and how they can affect a sense of parental self-efficacy.

scholarly journals Affective Response During a Sorting Task for Geriatric Hoarding

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 303-304
Author(s):  
Mary Dozier ◽  
Amy Young ◽  
Scott Camilleri
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Treatment Gains

Abstract Previous research suggests older adults with hoarding disorder are more likely to express non-fear-based emotions when sorting. The purpose of this study was to examine the emotions expressed by eight rural-dwelling older adults with hoarding disorder when sorting and discarding possessions. The study took place in participants’ homes and involved a 15-minute behavioral sorting task where participants were asked to sort through personal items and make a decision to either keep or discard each item. Participants were asked to rate their Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) and to state their emotional state prior to the sorting task, every 5 minutes throughout the test, and after completing the task. Four participants did not complete the sorting task due to a lack of a desire to discard objects (e.g., “I want to keep it all”). For the four participants who did complete the task, an average of 53 items were sorted and an average of 24 items were discarded. The average decrease in SUDs from pre-task to post-task was 40. Overall, most participants reported feeling positive emotions before, during, and following the task, with the most commonly reported emotion being joy. This study supports prior research suggesting that not all hoarding is fear based and that older adults may be more motivated by increasing positive associations with sorting and discarding. A focus on increasing patients’ insight and sense of self-efficacy may lead to increased treatment gains for older adults with hoarding disorder.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Stress and Enrichment in Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Community Support

Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Chu Lin ◽  
Janna Bourque ◽  
Paula Zeanah ◽  
Robert McFatter
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Parental Experiences ◽  
Sense Of Competence ◽  
Managing Stress

Compared to negative experiences associated with parenting a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), research has paid much less attention to positive aspects of experiences. This study examined both experiences of stress and enrichment in parenting a child with ASD to provide insights for practical community support services. Eighty-seven caregivers responded to the Effects of the Situation Questionnaire, a modified version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (2nd Ed.), and the Parental Sense of Competence Scale. Stress and enrichment were examined in their relations to child symptom severity, number of child-focused services, and parenting self-efficacy. Parenting self-efficacy and perceived level of stress, but not child symptom severity or number of child-focused services, were correlated with parental experiences of enrichment. The link between parenting self-efficacy and enrichment was mitigated by reported levels of stress. The findings revealed the paradoxical existence of enrichment experiences despite challenges in parenting a child with ASD. Notably, a higher number of community supports was associated with higher levels of stress, suggesting quality of support may be more important than involvement in numerous services. Moreover, enrichment occurs disregarding child’s symptoms and entails properly managing stress and a sense of parenting efficacy.

Overview of a Life Skills Coaching Program for Adults on the Autism Spectrum: Coaches’ Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412199102
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Hillier ◽  
Nataliya Poto ◽  
David Schena ◽  
Jessica Dorey ◽  
Abigail Buckingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Program Staff ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Effective Service ◽  
Insight Into

There is considerable need to identify effective service provision models to support adults on the autism spectrum as they seek to lead independent lives. This study outlines an individualized life skills coaching program for adults with autism, “LifeMAP”, and the experiences and perspectives of the coaches. Responses on a tailored questionnaire provided detailed insight into how the coaches were performing their job, the strategies they utilized, reasons for client success and difficulty, challenges faced by the coaches, and ways they were supported by program staff. Coaches’ job self-efficacy and satisfaction were also examined. This study serves as a preliminary examination of individualized coaching for adults with autism from the coaches’ perspective.

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