scholarly journals Comparing ALADIN-CZ and ALADIN-LAEF Precipitation Forecasts for Hydrological Modelling in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Vokoun ◽  
Martin Hanel
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Ensemble Model ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Weather Situation

Precipitation forecasting has great significance for hydrological modelling, particularly for issuing flood alerts. This study assesses the high-resolution deterministic model ALADIN-CZ (Aire Limitée, Adaptation Dynamique, Development International–Czech Republic) and the ensemble model ALADIN-LAEF (Limited Area Ensemble Forecasting). Verified precipitation data were modified to the form in which they enter the hydrological model used for flood forecasting in the Czech Republic. ALADIN-LAEF, unlike ALADIN-CZ, is currently not considered to be of any value for hydrological predictions in the Czech Republic. In the present paper, we assess the added value of the ensemble model. The most significant rainfall events from the summer seasons during 2011–2015 were selected for the purpose of this study. The results show that ALADIN-LAEF does not have a lower success rate than ALADIN-CZ in predicting significant rainfall events. In fact, for the most verification scores and metrics, ALADIN-LAEF was assessed as more skilful. Surprisingly, the high-resolution ALADIN-CZ does not yield higher success rates than ALADIN-LAEF even at short prediction lead times. This is due to spatial aggregation into hydrological regions, with an area significantly larger than the resolution of the forecasting models. Furthermore, the relationship between synoptic weather types, hydrological regions, and predictability was considered. It was found that the worst prediction results are related to weather situation C (cyclone over central Europe), which dominantly affects Berounka and Lower Elbe catchments.

scholarly journals Observation Preprocessing System for RC LACE (OPLACE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Alena Trojáková ◽  
Máté Mile ◽  
Martina Tudor
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Common Observation ◽  
Aircraft Data

Abstract. Meteorological observations are indispensable for the initialization of numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast. To enable the application of observations in NWP models a technical preprocessing is necessary. Within the framework of RC LACE (Regional Cooperation for Limited Area modelling in Central Europe) consortium, a common observation preprocessing system (OPLACE) has been built up to deliver meteorological observations in an appropriate format for data assimilation in the NWP system ALADIN (Air Limiteée Adaptation Dynamique Développment International) The purpose of this paper is to document the OPLACE data sources, preprocessing steps and means to make preprocessed observations available. Furthermore, it describes an exchange of dense national surface synoptic measurements and high-resolution aircraft data in real-time among RC LACE national meteorological services (NMS) of Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

scholarly journals Characteristics of rainfall events in regional climate model simulations for the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 963-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Svoboda ◽  
Martin Hanel ◽  
Petr Máca ◽  
Jan Kyselý
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Simulated Event

Abstract. Characteristics of rainfall events in an ensemble of 23 regional climate model (RCM) simulations are evaluated against observed data in the Czech Republic for the period 1981–2000. Individual rainfall events are identified using the concept of minimum inter-event time (MIT) and only heavy events (15 % of events with the largest event depths) during the warm season (May–September) are considered. Inasmuch as an RCM grid box represents a spatial average, the effects of areal averaging of rainfall data on characteristics of events are investigated using the observed data. Rainfall events from the RCM simulations are then compared to those from the at-site and area-average observations. Simulated number of heavy events and seasonal total precipitation due to heavy events are on average represented relatively well despite the higher spatial variation compared to observations. RCM-simulated event depths are comparable to the area-average observations, while event durations are overestimated and other characteristics related to rainfall intensity are significantly underestimated. The differences between RCM-simulated and at-site observed rainfall event characteristics are in general dominated by the biases of the climate models rather than the areal-averaging effect. Most of the rainfall event characteristics in the majority of the RCM simulations show a similar altitude-dependence pattern as in the observed data. The number of heavy events and seasonal total precipitation due to heavy events increase with altitude, and this dependence is captured better by the RCM simulations with higher spatial resolution.

scholarly journals Cascade Use of Wood in the Czech Republic

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Róbert Babuka ◽  
Andrea Sujová ◽  
Václav Kupčák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wood Volume ◽  
Primary Processing ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Input Method

Research Highlights: One of the priorities of the European Commission is to build up an effective circular economy based on recycling and multiple use of materials. Wood biomass is a renewable raw material and can be used several times in a cascading sequence. Each country has a unique situation regarding the availability and utilization of wood sources. Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze wood flow in the Czech Republic using the cascading principle of biomass use. The specific situation in the Czech Republic lies in a lack of valid and reliable input data from official statistics. Therefore, the reverse input method was applied. Materials and Methods: Input data analyses of roundwood sources and foreign trade were based on official statistical data. The calculation of raw wood volume consumption in primary processing was performed based on the data after our own correction and recalculation. It was then possible to build up a basic model of multi-stage cascade wood use. The input volume of roundwood was divided among all types of primary processing production using conversion factors. Results: Cascading use of wood (CUW) showed the level of efficiency of the resource. Official statistical input data and the reversed input data regarding raw wood volume entering wood processing revealed differences at a level of 27%. The overall CUW in the Czech Republic indicates a high rate of wood use in primary processing with low added value and in generating energy. Conclusions: The reverse input method reveals the real situation of wood consumption irrespective of the level of official statistical data. It is suitable to apply in an environment of incomplete or incorrect input data. CUW in Czechia showed an opportunity for increasing the efficiency of wood utilization. The structure of wood use needs to be optimized towards creating greater added value.

scholarly journals Changing structure of Employment in Europe: Polarization Issue

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-318
Author(s):  
Radek Náplava
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Occupational Classification ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Us ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
High Skill

Abstract In recent years, labor markets have experienced a polarization phenomenon, with the rise of low-skill and high-skill workers, and a decline in the number of middle-skill workers. The polarization of the labor market has been most often investigated in the US, UK, and some European countries. This paper shows the changes in the employment structure in all EU countries between 2008 and 2017. Attention is also paid to the Czech Republic and change during 1993 and 2017. The added value of the article lies in two factors. The first is the division of skills by industry in which the worker is located and not by occupational classification, the second is an explicit view of the Czech Republic. The results provide some evidence about the polarization of the labor market in twenty-one EU countries. Results imply polarization also in the Czech Republic during a longer period, because the number of high-skilled and low-skilled workers increased by 6.63 p. p. and by 1.16 p. p. respectively, at the expense of middle-skilled workers.

scholarly journals Fine-scale movement patterns and habitat selection of little owls (Athene noctua) from two declining populations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256608
Author(s):  
Martin Mayer ◽  
Martin Šálek ◽  
Anthony David Fox ◽  
Frej Juhl Lindhøj ◽  
Lars Bo Jacobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Athene Noctua ◽  
Little Owl

Advances in bio-logging technology for wildlife monitoring have expanded our ability to study space use and behavior of many animal species at increasingly detailed scales. However, such data can be challenging to analyze due to autocorrelation of GPS positions. As a case study, we investigated spatiotemporal movements and habitat selection in the little owl (Athene noctua), a bird species that is declining in central Europe and verges on extinction in Denmark. We equipped 6 Danish food-supplemented little owls and 6 non-supplemented owls in the Czech Republic with high-resolution GPS loggers that recorded one position per minute. Nightly space use, measured as 95% kernel density estimates, of Danish male owls were on average 62 ha (± 64 SD, larger than any found in previous studies) compared to 2 ha (± 1) in females, and to 3 ± 1 ha (males) versus 3 ± 5 ha (females) in the Czech Republic. Foraging Danish male owls moved on average 4-fold further from their nest and at almost double the distance per hour than Czech males. To create availability data for the habitat selection analysis, we accounted for high spatiotemporal autocorrelation of the GPS data by simulating correlated random walks with the same autocorrelation structure as the actual little owl movement trajectories. We found that habitat selection was similar between Danish and Czech owls, with individuals selecting for short vegetation and areas with high structural diversity. Our limited sample size did not allow us to infer patterns on a population level, but nevertheless demonstrates how high-resolution GPS data can help to identify critical habitat requirements to better formulate conservation actions on a local scale.

scholarly journals Return on equity of furniture industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166
Author(s):  
Jan Štěpánek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Arithmetic Average

Economic efficiency of the furniture production is closely associated with high input costs. Despite the fact that the material makes up 80% of total costs, there were 7,908 active furniture manufacturing companies in 2011 in the Czech Republic and they generated sales of nearly 30,812,199 thousand with an added value of CZK 9,592,032 thousands CZK and employed nearly 22,000 people. The aim of this paper is to assess the development of economic efficiency ratio indicator using return on equity (ROE hereinafter). The evaluation method was developed using statistical methods. The sample included 107 enterprises with more than 50 employees. For each company of the sample the ROE ratio was calculated and descriptive statistics and correlation analysis followed. Average ROE was 3.54% and the median was 3.3% in 2011. ROE of the sample in 2011 decreased compared to the base year 2007, which was the peak of the economic boom, the arithmetic average decreased by 74.68% and a median decrease was 63.7%. The linear trend of the sample and of the entire manufacturing industry had almost identical falling course of ROE development unlike the furniture industry in the Czech Republic. When using correlation analysis the tightness was in the arithmetic average of 30.42% and the tightness of the median was 39.00%.

scholarly journals A statistical analysis of aggregates of the total economic account for agriculture of the Czech Republic in 1998–2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Božena Bodečková ◽  
Erich Maca
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Total Output ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Intermediate Consumption ◽  
Complex Approach

Results of the statistical analysis of the of the total economic aggregate account for the Czech Republic enabled, in addition to the quantification of its performance, also to asses the developmental tendencies of economic phenomena under study. From this point of view, the most important were the data obtained within the framework of studies on the total output of Czech agricultural industry. Among the major indicators of the production intensity, the level of intermediate consumption was explored as well. This analysis involved also an exact estimation of both gross and net added value because such an analysis enables to express the the final economic effect of agriculture within the framework of the national economy as a whole. A complex approach to the solution of these problems is presented on the base of studies on the structure of both plant and animal production and of the total intermediate consumption

scholarly journals Little known Homerian (lower Silurian) graptolites from kosov quarry near Beroun, the Czech republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Petr Štorch ◽  
Štěpán Manda
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
Stratigraphic Range

Abstract The Homerian graptolite fauna of the upper Cyrtograptus lundgreni and lower Colonograptus ludensis-Colonograptus gerhardi biozones, recovered from densely sampled sections in Kosov quarry includes several poorly known species, which appear to be useful in high resolution correlation. Gothograptus kozlowskii, Gothograptus aff. domeyki, Semigothograptus meganassa, Pristiograptus auctus, Monograptus ambiguus, Monograptus subflexilis and Cyrtograptus hemmanni are described and discussed in detail with reference to their stratigraphic range and palaeogeographic distribution which indicates close links between the Homerian graptolite faunas of Baltica, Avalonia and peri-Gondwanan Europe.

scholarly journals Characteristics of rainfall events in RCM simulations for the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Svoboda ◽  
Martin Hanel ◽  
Petr Máca ◽  
Jan Kyselý
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Simulated Event

Abstract. Characteristics of rainfall events in an ensemble of 23 regional climate model (RCM) simulations are evaluated against observed data in the Czech Republic for the period 1981–2000. Individual rainfall events are identified using the concept of minimum inter-event time (MIT) and only heavy events during the warm season (May–September) are considered. Inasmuch as an RCM grid box represents a spatial average rather than a point measurement, the effects from areal averaging of rainfall data on characteristics of events are investigated using the observed data. Rainfall events from the RCM simulations are then compared to those from the at-site and area-average observations. Simulated number of heavy events and seasonal total precipitation due to heavy events are on average represented relatively well despite the higher spatial variation compared to observations. RCM-simulated event depths are comparable to the area-average observations, while event durations are overestimated and other characteristics related to rainfall intensity are significantly underestimated. Most of the rainfall event characteristics in the majority of the RCM simulations show a similar altitude-dependence pattern as in the observed data. The number of heavy events and seasonal total precipitation due to heavy events increase with altitude, and this dependence is captured better by the RCM simulations with higher spatial resolution.

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