scholarly journals The Effect of Volatile Oil from Vernonia anthelmintica Seeds on Melanin Synthesis in B16 Cells and Its Chemical Analysis by GC-QTOF-MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abulikemu Aobuli ◽  
Jumai Maitusong ◽  
Mahinur Bakri ◽  
Xueying Lu ◽  
Maitinuer Maiwulanjiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Total Peak Area ◽  
Vernonia Anthelmintica ◽  
Dose Dependent

Vernonia anthelmintica Willd. seeds have been used in folk medicine for the treatment of leukoderma in Xinjiang, China, for more than 300 years. The promoting activities of its volatile oil (AVO) in melanogenesis and its chemical composition were investigated in this paper. The bioactivities of AVO were examined by melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity assay in B16 cells. Using GC-QTOF-MS technology, each compound of AVO contains a single separated peak in GC and the retention indices of every GC peak were calculated by the retention times of C7~C30 n-alkanes that were injected at the same chromatographic conditions. Then each individual peak was identified by comparing its mass spectrum with the MS library (NIST 14). As a result, AVO increased the melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 10-30μg·mL−1. The 64 compounds were identified in AVO which occupied 95.15% of total peak area in GC. They mainly contained caryophyllene (23.73%), sabinene (18.15%), α-thujene (6.57%), thymol (5.29%), 4-epi-α-acoradiene (4.98%), limonene (4.92%), anethole (3.44%), etc. According to the results the AVO can promote melanogenesis and upregulate tyrosinase activity in B16 cells.

scholarly journals Preventive Effect of M. cochinchinensis on Melanogenesis via Tyrosinase Activity Inhibition and p-PKC Signaling in Melan-A Cell

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3894
Author(s):  
Juyong Kim ◽  
Sung-Chul Hong ◽  
Eun Ha Lee ◽  
Jae Wook Lee ◽  
Seung-Hoon Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
A Cells ◽  
Pkc Signaling ◽  
Dose Dependent

Whitening research is of particular interest in the cosmetics market. The main focus of whitening research is on melanogenesis inhibition through tyrosinase activity. The mechanism of melanogenesis is involved with tyrosinase activity and p-PKC signaling. In this study, we used Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) spreng, a tropical fruit found throughout Southeast Asia, to investigate the inhibitory effect of melanogenesis. M. cochinchinensis contains a high concentration of polyphenols, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids, which might be related to antioxidant activity. This study aimed to determine whether M. cochinchinensis extracts inhibit melanin synthesis in melan-A cells by inhibiting tyrosinase activity and p-PKC signaling. M. cochinchinensis was divided into pulp and aril and extracted under various conditions, and it was confirmed that all pulp and aril extracts have high contents of both phenols and flavonoids. Melan-A cells were treated with PMA for three days to induce melanin synthesis. After PMA treatment, M. cochinchinensis extracts were added to cultured media in a dose-dependent manner. Melanin contents and MTS were used to determine the amount of melanin in live cells. M. cochinchinensis extracts were evaluated for their effects on tyrosinase activity and p-PKC signaling pathways by Western blotting. It was found that M. cochinchinensis extract treatment decreased the amount of melanin and suppressed p-PKC expression. Additionally, tyrosinase activity was reduced after M. cochinchinensis extract treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, it was concluded that M. cochinchinensis could be used in antimelanogenesis and functional cosmetic materials to improve whitening.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Cycloheterophyllin on Melanin Synthesis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2526
Author(s):  
Joong-Hyun Shim
Keyword(s):  
Functional Materials ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
B16f10 Cells ◽  
Cell Line Cell ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

This study was performed to clarify the inhibitory effects of cycloheterophyllin on melanin synthesis. In order to elucidate the inhibitory effects of cycloheterophyllin on the B16F10 cell line, cell viability, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions, tyrosinase activity assay, and melanin production assay were measured. The effects of cycloheterophyllin on tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)/TYRP2/tyrosinase (TYR)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA expressions and melanin content were determined. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that cycloheterophyllin decreased the mRNA expression level of TYRP1/TYRP2/TYR/MITF genes and melanin production contents than α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. The tyrosinase activity assay revealed that cycloheterophyllin decreased the melanin production in the B16F10 cells. These data show that cycloheterophyllin increases the whitening effects in the B16F10 cells; thus, cycloheterophyllin is a potent ingredient for skin whitening. Thus, further research on the mechanism of action of cycloheterophyllin for the development of functional materials should be investigated.

Royal Jelly Reduces Melanin Synthesis Through Down-Regulation of Tyrosinase Expression

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (06) ◽  
pp. 1253-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Mi Han ◽  
Joo Hong Yeo ◽  
Yoon Hee Cho ◽  
Sok Cheon Pak
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Mrna Transcription ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Melanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Dose Dependent

For cosmetic reasons, the demand for effective and safe skin-whitening agents is high. Since the key enzyme in the melanin synthetic pathway is tyrosinase, many depigmenting agents in the treatment of hyperpigmentation act as tyrosinase inhibitors. In this study, we have investigated the hypo-pigmentary mechanism of royal jelly in a mouse melanocyte cell line, B16F1. Treatment of B16F1 cells with royal jelly markedly inhibited melanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Decreased melanin content occurred through the decrease of tyrosinase activity. The mRNA levels of tyrosinase were also reduced by royal jelly. These results suggest that royal jelly reduces melanin synthesis by down-regulation of tyrosinase mRNA transcription and serves as a new candidate in the design of new skin-whitening or therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Exploring the potential effect and mechanisms of protocatechuic acid on human hair follicle melanocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-549
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Jun Tan ◽  
Bosheng Zou ◽  
Xiaojia Liu ◽  
Yiling Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Human Hair Follicle ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on human hair follicle melanocytes (HFM). Normal primary HFM were isolated and cultured till logarithmic period of second passage, then treated with different concentrations of PCA (0.1–200 μmol L−1) to study the cell proliferation, melanin contents, tyrosinase activity and protein and mRNA expression of melanogenic genes (tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)) in the cultured HFM. In addition, we have also measured the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in PCA treated HFM. Vitamin C was used as a positive control. The result showed that PCA can decrease the synthesis of melanin and the tyrosinase activity with IC50 = 8.9 μmol L−1 and IC50 = 6.4 μmol L−1, respectively, at the treatment time of 24 hours, without inducing any cytotoxicity in HFM cells. In addition, the mRNA transcription and protein expression levels of TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF significantly decreased with a dose-dependent manner after 24-hour PCA treated in HFM cells. Furthermore, PCA has significantly increased the SOD and GSH activity in a dose-dependent manner for 24-hour PCA treatment. This study suggested that PCA has an inhibitory effect on the production of melanin through down-regulation of the expression of melanogenesis-related protein and the effect of anti-oxidation, which could be useful for the therapy of melanin overproduction or skin whitening.

scholarly journals Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Hydroxyectoine via MITF Inhibition by JNK, p38, and AKT Pathways in B16F10 Melanoma Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1985852 ◽  
Author(s):  
You C. Chung ◽  
Min-Jin Kim ◽  
Eun Y. Kang ◽  
Yun B. Kim ◽  
Bong S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
B16f10 Melanoma ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
B16f10 Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

Melanin plays a role in determining human skin color of a person, and a large amount of melanin makes the skin color look darkened. The proper amount of melanin formation protects our skin from UV radiation, but excessive melanin production causes hyperpigmentation and leads to freckles, melasma, and lentigo. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of hydroxyectoine on melanogenesis and its mechanism in B16F10 cells. Melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity were determined. The expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and the activities of tyrosinase and other melanogenesis-related enzymes, such as tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2, were also examined. Hydroxyectoine treatment significantly inhibited melanin production and intracellular tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that hydroxyectoine also reduced the expressions of tyrosinase and TRP-1. In addition, hydroxyectoine significantly reduced the expression of MITF, a major regulator of melanin production, and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and activated the protein kinase B. The results demonstrated that hydroxyectoine inhibits the expression of MITF through the inhibition or activation of melanin-related signaling pathways and downregulates melanogenesis by inhibiting melanogenic enzyme expression and tyrosinase activity. Hydroxyectoine has potential value in functional cosmetics applications, such as whitening.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Activities of Polyacetylene from Dendropanax dentiger

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chang Chien ◽  
Yen-Hsueh Tseng ◽  
Wei-Ning Hsu ◽  
Fang-Hua Chu ◽  
Shang-Tzen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antioxidant Gene ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Chemoprevention Agent ◽  
Dose Dependent

Dendropanax dentiger has been used as a folk medicine since ancient times. In our current study, we observed that D. dentiger exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity, which could efficiently inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammation assay. (9 Z,16 S)-16-Hydroxy-9,17-octadecadiene-12,14-diynoic acid (HODA) was isolated from the leaves of D. dentiger following a bioactivity guided fractionation protocol. Our data indicated that HODA significantly inhibited the NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells (IC50 = 4.28 μM). Consistent with these observations, the mRNA and protein expression levels of iNOS were also inhibited by HODA in a dose-dependent manner. HODA also reduced the translocation of NF-κB into nuclear fractions. Meanwhile, HODA enhanced Nrf-2 activation and its downstream antioxidant gene HO-1. We concluded that HODA possessed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity; the compound may have a potential for development as a chemoprevention agent.

scholarly journals The Effects of Salacia reticulata on Anti-Cellular Oxidants and Melanogenesis Inhibition in α-MSH-stimulated and UV Irradiated B16 Melanoma Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Prasit Sirwannalert ◽  
Ryusho Kariya ◽  
Ikuko Suzu ◽  
Seiji Okada
Keyword(s):  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
B16 Melanoma ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
B16 Melanoma Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Salacia Reticulata

The purposes of this study were to investigate the inhibitory effects of Salacia reticulata Tul. root extract on cellular oxidants and melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. Cells treated with non-toxic doses of S. reticulata root extract were investigated for their effects on melanogenesis, cellular tyrosinase activity and cellular oxidant scavenging activity. The results indicated that S. reticulata extract inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-induced or UV-irradiated B16 melanoma cells in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, the extract also exhibited anti-cellular oxidants in UV-induced radical melanoma cells. Altogether, these results suggested that S. reticulata root extract has roles in suppression of melanogenesis and oxidant inhibition. S. reticulata root extract may be a potential source for the development of pharmaceutical products for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation disorders.

scholarly journals Preliminary Studies of the Immunomodulator Effect of theBougainvillea xbuttianaExtract in a Mouse Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluvia Arteaga Figueroa ◽  
Leticia Barbosa Navarro ◽  
Martin Patiño Vera ◽  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
No Production ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Viability Percentage ◽  
Dose Dependent

Bougainvillea xbuttianais used as an analgesic in folk medicine in Mexico. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the ethanolic extract fromB. xbuttianaon macrophages activities. The phytochemical screening was performed for determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and saponins. The effects ofB. xbuttianawere analyzed using the macrophages activities as determined by the H2O2release, spreading and phagocytic index, vacuoles formation percentage, and mediators production. The viability percentage was determined in live cells after fixing and staining with crystal violet. The presence of H2O2in macrophages was performed by using the peroxidase-phenol red solution. The cytokine production was determined by two assays, ELISA for detection of IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γand biological assay for TNF detection. The results showed that theBxbextract dose-dependent manner produces (a) an increase in levels of H2O2and spreading and vacuoles formation percentages, (b) a decrease in phagocytic index and in the amounts of TNF, IL-6, and IFN-γ, and (c) an increase significant in IL-10 and NO production. This study indicates that the ethanolic extract fromBougainvillea xbuttianawas able to activate macrophages. The combination of these results suggests that this extract has an immunomodulator effect.

scholarly journals The Preventive Effect on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions of the Medicinal PlantPlumeria rubra: Involvement of the Latex Proteins in the NO/cGMP/KATPSignaling Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nylane Maria Nunes de Alencar ◽  
Rachel Sindeaux Paiva Pinheiro ◽  
Ingrid Samantha Tavares de Figueiredo ◽  
Patrícia Bastos Luz ◽  
Lyara Barbosa Nogueira Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Primary Afferents ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Single Intravenous Administration ◽  
Plumeria Rubra

Plumeria rubra(Apocynaceae) is frequently used in folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, hepatitis, and tracheitis, among other infirmities. The aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective potential of a protein fraction isolated from the latex ofPlumeria rubra(PrLP) against ethanol-induced gastric lesions and describe the underlying mechanisms. In a dose-dependent manner, the pretreatment with PrLP prevented ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice after single intravenous administration. The gastroprotective mechanism of PrLP was associated with the involvement of prostaglandins and balance of oxidant/antioxidant factors. Secondarily, the NO/cGMP/KATPpathway and activation of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents were also demonstrated as part of the mechanism. This study shows that proteins extracted from the latex ofP.rubraprevent gastric lesions induced in experimental animals. Also, the results support the use of the plant in folk medicine.

Studying the Toxicity of Hydroalcoholic Caraway Seeds Extract in Female Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Complete Blood Counts ◽  
Dose Dependent

Caraway seeds are widely used as spice for flavoring and seasoning foods, like bread and salads, because of their pungent and anise like flavor and aroma. Carum carvi was utilized in folk medicine for the management of many diseases. It is useful in hypothyroidism, liver and gall bladder problems, common cold, fever, bronchitis, diarrhea, and eczema. It also relives GIT spasms, fullness feelings and relieves baby's flatulent colic. The extracts of caraway have diverse compounds, including carvone and limonene, linalool, γ-terpinene and α-pinene. One or combination of these compounds may participate in the pharmacologic effects of caraway. Aim of this study was to assess toxicity of caraway extract on female rats. Carium carvi extract submitted to chemical analysis (Phytochemical screening and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis). Acute toxicity study has been performed using 24 female rats divided randomly in 4 groups (n=6 for each group) that received different doses of hydroalcoholic seed extract of caraway 1000, 3000 and ,5000 mg/kg for 14 days. On day 15, the rats were euthanized and whole blood collected to examine complete blood picture. The liver, kidney and the heart have been harvested for histopathologic study and relative organ weight changes. Caraway extract considered relatively safe on blood profile and immune system within the studied doses, as it shown a non-significant change on complete blood counts (CBCs) in a dose-dependent manner (Hb and RBCs increased slightly, while WBCs and PLTs decreased slightly) and without any change in body weight and relative weight percentage of different organs. As conclusion, hydroalcoholic extract of caraway seeds was relatively safe in rats at a dose up to 5000 mg/kg

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