scholarly journals Tobacco Dependence Treatment Grants: A Collaborative Approach to the Implementation of WHO Tobacco Control Initiatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret B. Nolan ◽  
Katherine E. Kemper ◽  
Thomas J. Glynn ◽  
Richard D. Hurt ◽  
J. Taylor Hays
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Grant Funding ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Tobacco Dependence Treatment ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The number of global tobacco-related deaths is projected to increase from about 6 million to 8 million annually by 2030, with more than 80% of these occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) came into force in 2005 and Article 14 relates specifically to the treatment of tobacco dependence. However, LMICs, in particular, face several barriers to implementing tobacco dependence treatment. This paper is a descriptive evaluation of a novel grant funding mechanism that was initiated in 2014 to address these barriers. Global Bridges. Healthcare Alliance for Tobacco Dependence Treatment aims to create and mobilize a global network of healthcare professionals and organizations dedicated to advancing evidence-based tobacco dependence treatment and advocating for effective tobacco control policy. A 2014 request for proposals (RFP) focused on these goals, particularly in LMICs, where funding for this work had been previously unavailable. 19 grants were awarded by Global Bridges to organizations in low- and middle-income countries across all six WHO regions. Virtually all focused on developing a tobacco dependence treatment curriculum for healthcare providers, while also influencing the political environment for Article 14 implementation. As a direct result of these projects, close to 9,000 healthcare providers have been trained in tobacco dependence treatment and an estimated 150,000 patients have been offered treatment. Because most of these projects are designed with a “train-the-trainer” component, two years of grant funding has been a tremendous catalyst for accelerating change in tobacco dependence treatment practices throughout the world. In order to foster such exponential growth and continue to maintain the impact of these projects, ongoing financial, educational, and professional commitments are required.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis and Non-Communicable Disease Multimorbidity: An Analysis of the World Health Survey in 48 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2439
Author(s):  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Kamran Siddiqi ◽  
Helen Elsey ◽  
Najma Siddiqi ◽  
Ruimin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
World Health Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). TB multimorbidity [TB and ≥1 non-communicable diseases (NCDs)] is common, but studies are sparse. Cross-sectional, community-based data including adults from 21 low-income countries and 27 middle-income countries were utilized from the World Health Survey. Associations between 9 NCDs and TB were assessed with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated using disability weights provided by the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study. Eight out of 9 NCDs (all except visual impairment) were associated with TB (odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.38–4.0). Prevalence of self-reported TB increased linearly with increasing numbers of NCDs. Compared to those with no NCDs, those who had 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 NCDs had 2.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.14–3.22), 4.71 (95%CI = 3.67–6.11), 6.96 (95%CI = 4.95–9.87), 10.59 (95%CI = 7.10–15.80), and 19.89 (95%CI = 11.13–35.52) times higher odds for TB. Among those with TB, the most prevalent combinations of NCDs were angina and depression, followed by angina and arthritis. For people with TB, the YLDs were three times higher than in people without multimorbidity or TB, and a third of the YLDs were attributable to NCDs. Urgent research to understand, prevent and manage NCDs in people with TB in LMICs is needed.

scholarly journals Tobacco intervention research in low- and middle-income countries: lessons learned and future directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Tobacco Intervention

Treating tobacco dependence is paramount for global tobacco control efforts, but is often overshadowed by other policy priorities. As stated by Jha (2009), “cessation by current smokers is the only practical way to avoid a substantial proportion of tobacco deaths worldwide before 2050.” Its importance is codified in Article 14 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), and in the WHO's MPOWER package of effective country-level policies. Unfortunately, only 15% of the world's population have access to appropriate cessation support (WHO, 2015). Moreover, parties to the FCTC have implemented only 51% of the indicators within Article 14, on average, which is far lower than many other articles (WHO, 2014). Further, commenting on the use of “O” measures (Offer help to quit tobacco use) in the MPOWER acronym, WHO recently concluded, “while there has been improvement in implementing comprehensive tobacco cessation services, this is nonetheless a most under-implemented MPOWER measure in terms of the number of countries that have fully implemented it” (WHO, 2015). To the detriment of global tobacco control efforts, only one in eight countries provides comprehensive cost-covered services, only one in four provide some cost coverage for nicotine replacement therapy, and fewer than one third provide a toll-free quit line (WHO, 2015).

scholarly journals Psychological Treatments for the World: Lessons from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy R. Singla ◽  
Brandon A. Kohrt ◽  
Laura K. Murray ◽  
Arpita Anand ◽  
Bruce F. Chorpita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Income ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Raw and real: an innovative communication approach to smokeless tobacco control messaging in low and middle-income countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Turk ◽  
Pankaj Chaturvedi ◽  
Nandita Murukutla ◽  
Vaishakhi Mallik ◽  
Praveen Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Communication Approach ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Defending Comprehensive Tobacco Control Policy Implementation in Nepal From Tobacco Industry Interference (2011–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2203-2212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharma N Bhatta ◽  
Eric Crosbie ◽  
Stella A Bialous ◽  
Stanton Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Law ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Introduction Nepal passed a comprehensive tobacco control law in 2011. Tobacco control advocates successfully countered tobacco industry (TI) interference to force implementation of law. Aims and Methods Policy documents, news stories, and key informant interviews were triangulated and interpreted using the Policy Dystopia Model (PDM). Results The TI tried to block and weaken the law after Parliament passed it. Tobacco control advocates used litigation to force implementation of the law while the TI used litigation in an effort to block implementation. The TI argued that tobacco was socially and economically important, and used front groups to weaken the law. Tobacco control advocates mobilized the media, launched public awareness campaigns, educated the legislature, utilized lawsuits, and monitored TI activities to successfully counter TI opposition. Conclusions Both tobacco control advocates and the industry used the discursive and instrumental strategies described in the PDM. The model was helpful for understanding TI activities in Nepal and could be applied to other low- and middle-income countries. Civil society, with the help of international health groups, should continue to track TI interference and learn the lessons from other countries to proactively to counter it. Implications The PDM provides an effective framework to understand battles over implementation of a strong tobacco control law in Nepal, a low- and middle-income country. The TI applied discursive and instrumental strategies in Nepal in its efforts to weaken and delay the implementation of the law at every stage of implementation. It is important to continuously monitor TI activities and learn lessons from other countries, as the industry often employ the same strategies globally. Tobacco control advocates utilized domestic litigation, media advocacy, and engaged with legislators, politicians, and other stakeholders to implement a strong tobacco control law. Other low- and middle-income countries can adapt these lessons from Nepal to achieve effective implementation of their laws.

scholarly journals Unpacking piped water consumption subsidies: Who benefits? New evidence from 10 countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Abramovsky ◽  
Luis Andrés ◽  
George Joseph ◽  
Juan Pablo Rud ◽  
Germán Sember ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The World ◽  
Tariff Structures ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract This paper provides new evidence on the recent performance of piped water consumption subsidies in terms of pro-poor targeting for 10 low- and middle-income countries around the world. Our results suggest that in these countries, existing tariff structures fall well short of recovering the costs of service provision, and that, moreover, the resulting subsidies largely fail to achieve the goal of improving the accessibility and affordability of piped water among the poor. Instead, the majority of subsidies in all 10 countries are captured by the richest households. On average, across the 10 low- and middle-income countries examined, 56% of subsidies end up in the pockets of the richest 20%, but only 6% of subsidies find their way to the poorest 20%. This is predominantly due to the most vulnerable segments of the population facing challenges in access and connection to piped water services. Shortcomings in the design of the subsidy, conditional on poor households being connected, exist but are less important.

scholarly journals The potential of low-intensity and online interventions for depression in low- and middle-income countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. H. Bockting ◽  
A. D. Williams ◽  
K. Carswell ◽  
A. E. Grech
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Online Interventions ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Gap ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are confronted with a serious ‘mental health gap’, indicating an enormous disparity between the number of individuals in need of mental health care and the availability of professionals to provide such care (WHO in 2010). Traditional forms of mental health services (i.e. face-to-face, individualised assessments and interventions) are therefore not feasible. We propose three strategies for addressing this mental health gap: delivery of evidence-based, low-intensity interventions by non-specialists, the use of transdiagnostic treatment protocols, and strategic deployment of technology to facilitate access and uptake. We urge researchers from all over the world to conduct feasibility studies and randomised controlled studies on the effect of low-intensity interventions and technology supported (e.g. online) interventions in LMICs, preferably using an active control condition as comparison, to ensure we disseminate effective treatments in LMICs.

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