scholarly journals Therapeutic Duration and Extent Affect the Effect of Moxibustion on Depression-Like Behaviour in Rats via Regulating the Brain Tryptophan Transport and Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Lan Sang ◽  
Xing Xia ◽  
Ruirui Zhao ◽  
Mingyue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Depression Effect ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Complex Influence

Moxibustion has been widely accepted as an alternative therapy for major depressive disease (MDD). However, the efficacy of moxibustion treatment on MDD is highly variable because of its irregular operation. This study was designed to investigate how therapeutic duration and extent influence the anti-depression effect of moxibustion and the underlying mechanism involved. Rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior were treated by moxibustion treatment. The anti-depression effect was determined by forced swimming test and open field test. Tryptophan (Trp) transport and its metabolism to serotonin (5-HT) and kynurenine (Kyn) were evaluated to explore the anti-depression mechanism. The results showed that moxibustion treatment could alleviate the depression-like behavior in rats. Trp transport and 5-HT generation were significantly increased, and the Trp-Kyn pathway was moderately inhibited by moxibustion. Prolonged therapy could be beneficial to the anti-depression effect by promoting the brain uptake of Trp and shifting the Trp metabolism to 5-HT. An enhanced therapeutic extent could increase 5-HT generation. In conclusion, this study determined that the anti-depression effect of moxibustion involves improved Trp transport and metabolism. The therapeutic duration benefits antidepressant effects, but the complex influence of the therapeutic extent on moxibustion efficacy requires further studies.

scholarly journals Investigation of the antidepressant effects of Shu-Gan-Jie- Yu granule and its mechanism of action

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1927-1931
Author(s):  
Li-shu Gao ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
En-ping Xu ◽  
Jian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Mobility Performance ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: To study the antidepressant effects of Shu-Gan-Jie-Yu granule (SJG) and its possible mechanisms in mice.Methods: The anti-depressive effects of SJG were evaluated by three techniques, viz, forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT). The levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE), DA, and 5-HT in the brains of depressive mice were determined using commercially available kits. In addition, the effects of SJG on the BDNF expression in the mice brain were determined by western blot.Results: Administration of SJG significantly reduced the duration time of immobility in the experiments of FST and TST. In addition, relative to the control mice, SJG (800 mg/kg) administration significantly affected the mobility performance (p < 0.05) of mice. The levels of the three  neurotransmitters (DA, NE and 5-HT) and BDNF in the brains of depressive mice were increased by treatment with SJG at the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The results suggested that SJG exerted a significant antidepressant effect, which could be attributed to increases in the levels of neurotransmitters, and the up-regulation of BDNF expression.Conclusion: The results suggested that SJG exerted a significant antidepressant effect, most probably via regulation of related neurotransmitters (including DA, NE, and 5-HT) and BDNF in the brain. Keywords: Shu-Gan-Jie-Yu granule, Antidepressant, dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor

scholarly journals Antihypernociceptive, Anxiolytic, and Antidepressant Properties of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Dissotis thollonii Cogn. (Melastomataceae) in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Stephanie Flore Djuichou Nguemnang ◽  
Eric Gonzal Tsafack ◽  
Marius Mbiantcha ◽  
Gilbert Ateufack ◽  
William Yousseu Nana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Diabetic neuropathy, which affects 7 to 9% of the world’s population and that is usually accompanied by anxiety and depression, is chronic pain that results from impaired function of the central or peripheral nervous system. This study aimed at evaluating the antihypernociceptive, antiallodynic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects of Dissotis thollonii extracts. Diabetic neuropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (200 mg/kg) in mice. The aqueous and ethanol extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) were administered orally. Hyperalgesia (thermal and chemical), allodynia (mechanical and thermal), anxiety (high plus labyrinth, light-dark box, and social interaction), and depression (open field test, suspension test tail, and forced swimming test) were evaluated, and then the levels of some cytokines and growth factors were determined. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Dissotis thollonii demonstrated significant antihypernociceptive (inhibition of hyperalgesia and allodynia), anxiolytic, and antidepressant activities in mice made diabetic by STZ. The extracts also significantly inhibited (p<0.001) the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the blood as well as the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IGF, and NGF in the sciatic nerve. This study shows that the extracts of Dissotis thollonii have antihypernociceptive and neuroprotective effects which could be linked to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors in the blood and the sciatic nerve.

Subtle Impact of Akt1 and Akt3 on Exploratory Behavior in Gene Targeted Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Leibrock ◽  
Michael Hierlmeier ◽  
Undine E. Lang ◽  
Florian Lang
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Closed Area ◽  
Light Area ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Dark Transition

Abstract. The present study explored the impact of Akt1 and Akt3 on behavior. Akt1 (akt1-/-) and Akt3 (akt3-/-) knockout mice were compared to wild type (wt) mice. The akt1-/- mice, akt3-/- mice, and wt mice were similar in most parameters of the open-field test. However, the distance traveled in the center area was slightly but significantly less in akt3-/- mice than in wt mice. In the light/dark transition test akt1-/- mice had significantly lower values than wt mice and akt3-/- mice for distance traveled, number of rearings, rearing time in the light area, as well as time spent and distance traveled in the entrance area. They were significantly different from akt3-/- mice in the distance traveled, visits, number of rearings, rearing time in the light area, as well as time spent, distance traveled, number of rearings, and rearing time in the entrance area. In the O-maze the time spent, and the visits to open arms, as well as the number of protected and unprotected headdips were significantly less in akt1-/- mice than in wt mice, whereas the time spent in closed arms was significantly more in akt1-/- mice than in wt mice. Protected and unprotected headdips were significantly less in akt3-/- mice than in wt mice. In closed area, akt3-/- mice traveled a significantly larger distance at larger average speed than akt1-/- mice. No differences were observed between akt1-/- mice, akt3-/- mice and wt-type mice in the time of floating during the forced swimming test. In conclusion, akt1-/- mice and less so akt3-/ mice display subtle changes in behavior.

Sexually dimorphic responses of rats to fluoxetine in the forced swimming test are unrelated to the function of the serotonin transporter in the brain

Synapse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Domingues ◽  
Fernanda Barbosa Lima ◽  
Aurea Elizabeth Linder ◽  
Fernando Falkenburger Melleu ◽  
Anicleto Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain

Celecoxib, ibuprofen, and indomethacin alleviate depression-like behavior induced by interferon-alfa in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Mesripour ◽  
Shahrzad Shahnooshi ◽  
Valiollah Hajhashemi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Interferon Alfa ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Psychiatric Side Effects

AbstractBackgroundInterferon-α (IFNα) therapy causes psychiatric side effects, including depression that may result in poor compliance of therapy. It is important to find alternative therapies for the prevention of IFNα induced depression. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been useful in depressive disorder. Therefore the effects of celecoxib, ibuprofen, and indomethacin were evaluated following IFNα-induced depression in mice.MethodsMale albino mice weighing 26 ± 2 g were used. Depression was induced by IFNα (16 × 105 IU/kg, SC) for six consecutive days. Animals were first subject to the locomotor test, then the splash test and finally the forced swimming test (FST) on the 7th day. The NSAIDs were administered (IP) either one single dose before the test, or simultaneously with IFNα.Resultslocomotor activity was only impaired by ibuprofen high dose (75 mg/kg), thus it was not further evaluated. Following IFNα therapy depression-like behaviors were observed; significant changes during the splash test (grooming time 24 ± 7 sec vs. control 63 ± 7 sec), the FST (immobility time 166  ± 15 sec vs. control 128  ± 6 sec), and sucrose preference reduced to 64 ± 0.8%. The NSAIDs noticeably reduced the immobility time in FST, while grooming time was increased. Celecoxib and indomethacin single doses were effective while ibuprofen showed better antidepressant effects when it was administered along with IFNα.ConclusionsThe NSAIDs were able to prevent IFNα induced depression in mice. NSAIDs administration with IFNα does not interfere with clinical benefit effects of IFNα and they could also be useful to prevent IFNα psychiatric side effects, thus further clinical trials are suggested.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Effects of Apocynum venetum Leaves in a Forced Swimming Test.

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 848-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika BUTTERWECK ◽  
Sansei NISHIBE ◽  
Tsutomu SASAKI ◽  
Masaru UCHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Apocynum Venetum ◽  
Swimming Test

scholarly journals Identifying the active components of Baihe–Zhimu decoction that ameliorate depressive disease by an effective integrated strategy: a systemic pharmacokinetics study combined with classical depression model tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhong ◽  
Xiaoting Tian ◽  
Shuoji Chen ◽  
Mingcang Chen ◽  
Ziqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Hepatic Disposition ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Baihe–Zhimu decoction (BZD) has antidepressant effects. However, the complex composition and lack of clear evaluation standards for BZD make it less likely to be understood and accepted than evidence-based active natural compounds. Methods In this study, an effective method for the identification of antidepressant components was demonstrated and applied to BZD. The first step was to evaluate the efficacy of BZD by the forced swimming test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST), followed by successive quantitative analyses of the absorbed constituents at different stages, such as before hepatic disposition, liver distribution, after hepatic disposition and brain distribution after the oral administration of BZD. Finally, the compounds detected in the brain were confirmed by activity testing. Results Our investigation observed that timosaponin BII and timosaponin BIII were accurately determined in the brain after oral administration of BZD, and they were further confirmed to reduce the immobility time in the FST and TST. As described above, timosaponin BII and timosaponin BIII were used to scientifically and reasonably explain the effective chemical basis of the effect of BZD on depression. Conclusions This research affords an effective method to discover lead molecules for antidepressants from traditional Chinese medicine.

scholarly journals Antidepressant-Like Effect ofIlex paraguariensisin Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizete De Moraes Reis ◽  
Francisco Waldomiro Schreiner Neto ◽  
Vitória Berg Cattani ◽  
Luis Ricardo Peroza ◽  
Alcindo Busanello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Activity ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Thiol Content ◽  
Swimming Test

In this study, we investigated the possible antidepressant-like effect ofI. paraguariensisin rats. Rats were treated for four weeks with an aqueous extract ofI. paraguariensisin drinking water, following the traditional preparation of this beverage. After the period of treatment, behavioral (elevated plus-maze, open field test, and forced swimming test) and biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation assay, thiol content, vitamin C levels, and monoamine oxidase activity) were evaluated. Animals were also analyzed on forced swimming test after 24 hours ofI. paraguariensisintake. An additional group was injected with selegiline 24 hours and 30 minutes before forced swimming test as positive control. HPLC analysis revealed the profile ofI. paraguariensisextract.I. paraguariensisreduced the immobility time on forced swimming test without significant changes in locomotor activity in the open field test. Any anxiolytic/anxiogenic effect ofI. paraguariensiswas observed in rats through the elevated plus-maze test. The antidepressant-like effect ofI. paraguariensiswas not accompanied by inhibitory effect on monoamine oxidase activity. There were no significant alterations on lipid peroxidation, thiol content, and vitamin C levels among the groups. In conclusion, aqueous extract ofI. paraguariensisdecreases the time of immobility in rats suggesting an antidepressant-like effect.

scholarly journals Repeated Three-Hour Maternal Separation Induces Depression-Like Behavior and Affects the Expression of Hippocampal Plasticity-Related Proteins in C57BL/6N Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoyao Bian ◽  
Lili Yang ◽  
Zhongli Wang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
The Brain

Adverse early life experiences can negatively affect behaviors later in life. Maternal separation (MS) has been extensively investigated in animal models in the adult phase of MS. The study aimed to explore the mechanism by which MS negatively affects C57BL/6N mice, especially the effects caused by MS in the early phase. Early life adversity especially can alter plasticity functions. To determine whether adverse early life experiences induce changes in plasticity in the brain hippocampus, we established an MS paradigm. In this research, the mice were treated with mild (15 min, MS15) or prolonged (180 min, MS180) maternal separation from postnatal day 2 to postnatal day 21. The mice underwent a forced swimming test, a tail suspension test, and an open field test, respectively. Afterward, the mice were sacrificed on postnatal day 31 to determine the effects of MS on early life stages. Results implied that MS induces depression-like behavior and the effects may be mediated partly by interfering with the hippocampal GSK-3β-CREB signaling pathway and by reducing the levels of some plasticity-related proteins.

scholarly journals Metformin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Abnormal Glutamatergic Transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Chen ◽  
Tian Zhou ◽  
Wen-Bin Chen ◽  
Dong Lin ◽  
A-Min Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Glutamatergic Transmission ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Swimming Test

Abstract BackgroundMetformin, a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been found to reduce depressive symptoms in patients comorbid depression with other diseases. However, it is largely unclear that how metformin ameliorates the depressive-like behaviors. MethodsLipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice to induce depressive-like behaviors, and metformin was administrated in LPS-induced depression mouse model. Forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were employed to detect the depressive-like behaviors. Whole-cell patch clamp recording in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons was adopted to record the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and paired-pulse ratios (PPR). ResultsWe found LPS-treated mice exhibited increased immobility in FST and TST, and elevated glutamatergic transmission. Furthermore, metformin administration in the LPS-treated mice ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and abnormal glutamatergic transmission. ConclusionOur results suggest that metformin have antidepressant effects and can correct abnormal glutamatergic transmission, providing an insight to the underlying mechanism of metformin on depression.

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