scholarly journals A Case of Acquired Haemophilia A in a Patient with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukaemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Araki ◽  
Shinya Ohata ◽  
Kohei Okamoto ◽  
Kazuhide Morimoto ◽  
Mana Hiraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Fviii Inhibitor ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia ◽  
Fviii Activity ◽  
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukaemia

A 67-year-old male, with a known diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD) was admitted to our hospital with a primary complaint of subcutaneous bleeding in his left thigh. Laboratory data showed anaemia and prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (85.8 s, normal range 24–39 s) without thrombocytopenia. Coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) activity was less than 1% (normal range 60–150%), and a FVIII inhibitor was identified and quantified at 166 BU/mL to indicate a diagnosis of acquired haemophilia A (AHA). A recent, but sustained circulating monocytosis (>1 × 109/L) was observed, which combined with elevated numbers of neutrophil and monocytic cells in the marrow, suggested evolution of MDS-MLD to chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), coinciding with AHA. Further analysis revealed a karyotype of 46, XY, i(14) (q10), which was the same abnormality previously identified in the patient. To treat bleeding caused by AHA, steroid and activated prothrombin complex concentrate were administered. Azacitidine (AZA) was used to treat CMML. During the clinical course, bleeding partially improved; however, subsequent acute myocardial infarction occurred on day 87. Worsening bone marrow failure was observed 4 months after the original admission, despite administration of AZA therapy, and the patient died due to bleeding from AHA. This case suggests that the evolution of MDS to CMML status can be associated with AHA conferring a bleeding tendency.

scholarly journals Acquired haemophilia syndrome: Pathophysiology and therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Elezovic
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Acute Bleeding ◽  
Fviii Inhibitor ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Bleeding Episodes ◽  
Inhibitor Titer

Acquired inhibitors against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), also termed acquired haemophilia A, neutralize its procoagulant function and result in severe or often life-threatening bleeding. The antibodies arise in individuals with no prior history of clinical bleeding. Acquired haemophilia occurs rarely with the incidence of approximately 1 to 4 per million/ year, with severe bleeds in up to 90% of affected patients, and high mortality between 8-22%. About 50% of diagnosed patients were previously healthy, while the remaining cases may be associated with postpartum period, autoimmune diseases, malignancy, infections, or medications. Most patients have spontaneous haemorrhages into the skin, muscles or soft tissues, and mucous membranes, or after trauma and surgery, whereas haemarthroses are uncommon. The diagnosis of acquired haemophilia A based on the prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time which does not normalize after the addition of normal plasma, reduced FVIII, with evidence of FVIII inhibitor measured by the Bethesda assay (Nijmegen modification). The treatment of acute bleeding episodes and the long-term eradication of the autoantibodies in acquired haemophilia are the main therapeutic strategy. Two options are currently available for acute bleeding control: the use rFVIIa or FEIBA in patients with higher inhibitor titer (>5 BU), or to raise the level of FVIII by administration of DDAVP or concentrates of FVIII in patients with low level of inhibitors (<5 BU). Treatment with FEIBA (50-100 IU/ kg every 8-12 hours) has shown good haemostatic response in 76-89% of the bleeding episodes. Patients treated with rFVIIa (90 ?g/kg every 2-6 hours) have achieved good response in 95-100% as a first-line, and 75-80% as a salvage therapy. Patients with low inhibitor titer and lower response can be treated with concentrate of FVIII in the recommended dose of 40 IU/kg plus 20 IU/kg for each BU of inhibitor. The treatment of non-life-threatening haemorrhages with desmopressin (DDAVP 0.3 ?g/kg) may increase both FVIII and vWF. Sometimes inhibitors disappear spontaneously, but longterm management is necessary for eradication of inhibitors by immunosuppression (prednisone 1 mg/kg 3 weeks alone or in combination cyclophosphamide 2 mg/kg), immunomodulation, intravenous immunoglobulin (HD IgG 2g/kg 2 or 5 d), physical removal of antibodies (plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption), or various combinations. Recently, a therapy with rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has shown to be effective in acquired haemophilia.

scholarly journals Progressive Intramuscular Haematoma in a 12-Year-Old Boy: A Case of Acquired Haemophilia A

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Manori Gamage ◽  
Sadeepa Weerasinghe ◽  
Mohamed Nasoor ◽  
A. M. P. W. Karunarathne ◽  
Sashi Praba Abeyrathne
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Bleeding Disorder ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Fviii Inhibitor ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia ◽  
High Antibody Titer ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder due to acquired antibodies against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). It is rare in children less than 16 years old, and the incidence is 0.45/million/year. An otherwise healthy, 12-year-old boy was admitted to the ward with a history of swelling of the right and left forearms, for 1 day duration. He did not have any history of trauma or bleeding disorder. He had prolonged APPTT level with very high antibody titer against factor VIII. His gene expression for factor VIII was found to be normal. He was managed with FEIBA and recombinant FVII activated complexes and prednisolone 1 m/kg/day regime to control bleeding. AHA is associated with several underlying pathologies such as pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, malignancy, medications and infections; however, up to 50% of reported cases are idiopathic. In contrast to congenital haemophilia A, in which haemarthrosis is the hallmark clinical presentation, patients with AHA mainly bleed in to the skin, muscles, and soft tissues. High mortality rate of more than 20% is either to retroperitoneal or intracranial bleeds. Diagnosis is confirmed on isolated prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time which does not normalize after addition of normal plasma, reducing the factor VIII levels with evidence of FVIII inhibitor activity. They have normal prothrombin time and platelet functions. Management of AHA involves two aspects, namely, eradication of antibodies and maintaining effective haemostasis during a bleeding episode.

Rituximab in der Behandlung der erworbenen Hämophilie A bei einem Patienten mit Polymyalgia rheumatica

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S40-S43
Author(s):  
M. Bruegel ◽  
C. Pfrepper ◽  
J. Thiery ◽  
D. Niederwieser ◽  
L. Braunert
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽  
Oral Prednisone ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Fviii Inhibitor ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia ◽  
Fviii Activity ◽  
Activated Prothrombin Complex Concentrates

SummaryAcquired hemophilia A is a rare but potentially life-threatening bleeding disorder. It is caused by the development of autoantibodies directed against coagulation factor VIII in adults or elderly patients, who do not have a personal or family history of bleeding. Case: A man (age: 76 years) on prednisone and leflunomide for polymyalgia rheumatica developed spontaneous severe haematomas. The patient was diagnosed with acquired factor VIII deficiency (FVIII activity 1.2%, FVIII inhibitor 31.7 BU). Due to the active bleeding diathesis, treatment was administered with activated prothrombin complex concentrates (FEIBA®, Baxter). Immunosuppressive treatment with a combination of oral prednisone (1 mg/kg daily) and cyclophosphamide (1,5 mg/kg daily) was administered to reduce the FVIII inhibitor. However, after two weeks of treatment, FVIII was only 3% and no clinical improvement was observed. Treatment with the anti CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab intravenously at 375 mg/m2 once weekly for four consecutive weeks was started. The patient showed rapid clinical improvement following rituximab treatment. He achieved a complete remission defined as return to normal FVIII activity and undetectable FVIII inhibitor titer. After a follow-up of six months no relapse occurred. Conclusion: Rituximab appears an effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients with acquired haemophilia.

scholarly journals Acquired Haemophilia A. Which is the best therapeutic choice in older adults? Single center study of 4 cases

Reumatismo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mauro ◽  
E. Garlatti Costa ◽  
A. Zanier ◽  
M. Maset ◽  
A. Ermacora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Recombinant Activated Factor Vii ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia ◽  
Activated Factor Vii ◽  
Activated Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Therapeutic Choice ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Thrombotic Complications

Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder due to autoantibodies directed against coagulation factor VIII. The treatment is based on recombinant activated factor VII and activated prothrombin complex concentrate. However, mainly in older patients, severe thrombotic complications have been reported. Here we report the different therapeutic approaches in 4 cases of elderly patients with AHA and co-morbidities.

Effect of F8 B domain gene variants on synthesis, secretion, activity and stability of factor VIII protein

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Pahl ◽  
Anna Pavlova ◽  
Julia Driesen ◽  
Johannes Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Severe Haemophilia ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mild Phenotype ◽  
Cell Lysate ◽  
Fviii Activity

SummaryThe B domain of the coagulation factor (F)VIII comprises some unique characteristics. Though the B domain is important for processing, intracellular transport and secretion of FVIII protein, its role in the coagulation still remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the influence of 19 reported B domain variants on quantity and quality of expressed FVIII protein. F8 variants were transiently expressed in HEK293T cells. Media and cell lysates were collected after 72 hours. FVIII synthesis, relative secretion, activity and thermostability were analysed in comparison to FVIII wild-type. Eleven of 19 analysed B domain variants showed normal FVIII activity (FVIII:C), and antigen values (40–150 %). Eight variants exhibited a decreased FVIII:C, corresponding to a mild phenotype most likely due to impaired expression and secretion mechanism, reduced thermostability or combined mechanisms. One variant, p.His1066Tyr, showed markedly reduced FVIII antigen in cell lysate. The variants p.Asp845Glu, p.His998Gln, and p.Ala1610Ser revealed a significantly decreased relative secretion. Additionally, six B domain variants significantly reduced stability of FVIII. In conclusion, none of the analysed missense mutations was causative for a severe haemophilia A (HA) phenotype. Nevertheless, the mutations p.Asp845Glu, p.Pro947Arg, p.Glu1057Lys, p.His1066Tyr, p.Arg1126Trp, p.Arg1329His, p.Leu1481Pro, and p.Ala1610Ser resulted in decreased FVIII:C values that may explain mild HA phenotypes.

Neutralisation of factor VIII inhibitors by anti-idiotypes isolated from phage-displayed libraries

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (07) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Schmidt ◽  
Kerstin Brettschneider ◽  
Jörg Kahle ◽  
Aleksander Orlowski ◽  
Karin Becker-Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Hybridoma Cells ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Immune Tolerance Induction ◽  
Fviii Inhibitor ◽  
Antiidiotypic Antibody

SummaryFollowing replacement therapy with coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), up to 30 % of haemophilia A patients develop FVIII-specific inhibitory antibodies (FVIII inhibitors). Immune tolerance induction (ITI) is not always successful, resulting in a need for alternative treatments for FVIII inhibitor-positive patients. As tolerance induction in the course of ITI appears to involve the formation of anti-idiotypes specific for anti-FVIII antibodies, such anti-idiotypes might be used to restore haemostasis in haemophilia A patients with FVIII inhibitors. We isolated antiidiotypic antibody fragments (scFvs) binding to murine FVIII inhibitors 2-76 and 2-77 from phage-displayed libraries. FVIII inhibitor/anti-idiotype interactions were very specific as no cross-reactivity with other FVIII inhibitors or isotype controls was observed. ScFvs blocked binding of FVIII inhibitors to FVIII and neutralised their cognate inhibitors in vitro and a monoclonal mouse model. In addition, scFv JkH5 specific for FVIII inhibitor 2-76 stained 2-76-producing hybridoma cells. JkH5 residues R52 and Y226, located in complementary determining regions, were identified as crucial for the JkH5/2-76 interaction using JkH5 alanine mutants. SPR spectroscopy revealed that JkH5 interacts with FVIII inhibitor 2-76 with nanomolar affinity. Thus, FVIII inhibitorspecific, high-affinity anti-idiotypes can be isolated from phagedisplayed libraries and neutralise their respective inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that anti-idiotypic scFvs might be utilised to specifically target inhibitor-specific B cells. Hence, a pool of anti-idiotypes could enable the reestablishment of haemostasis in the presence of FVIII inhibitors in patients or even allow the depletion of inhibitors by targeting inhibitor-specific B cell populations.

scholarly journals Acquired Haemophilia A in Association with Influenza A and Urinary Tract Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Peña-Muñoz ◽  
Ernesto Parras ◽  
Olga Compan ◽  
Nora Gutierrez ◽  
Celestino Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia ◽  
Haemostatic Agents ◽  
Inhibitor Titre ◽  
Prolonged Aptt

Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by an autoantibody against any circulating coagulation factor, especially factor VIII (FVIII). The lack of awareness of this condition suggests that diagnosis is a challenge and usually delayed, which leads to suboptimal treatment. Consequently, early diagnosis is mandatory to prevent potentially life-threatening bleeding complications. We present the case of an 85-year-old woman admitted to hospital with symptoms of respiratory infection who 12 hours later developed haematuria which required transfusion. Laboratory assays showed an isolated prolonged aPTT, a moderately reduced FVIII and a high inhibitor titre. Influenza A and Escherichia coli were also identified. Antivirals, antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs and haemostatic agents were started. Two weeks later, the inhibitor was not detected, and bleeding and symptoms of infection had resolved. Immunosuppressive drugs were stopped on day 45 and there has been no recurrence since then. To date, no FVIII inhibitors have been reported in concomitant infection with influenza A and urinary E. coli. The identification of conditions potentially associated with AHA is essential to achieve complete remission.

Paraneoplastic acquired haemophilia A in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in the era of immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e236973
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Pauls ◽  
Natalia Rydz ◽  
Nancy A Nixon ◽  
Doreen Ezeife
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Fviii Inhibitor ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia ◽  
Extensive Stage

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly and rapidly progressive disease that can present with various paraneoplastic syndromes on initial workup. Acquired factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency, also known as acquired haemophilia A (AHA), has been identified as a rare paraneoplastic syndrome in SCLC. Here, we present a 61-year-old woman with a massive gastrointestinal bleed and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) in the emergency department. She was diagnosed with rare paraneoplastic AHA secondary to extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). She was treated with high-dose steroids and factor bypassing agents, which led to the resolution of bleeding and undetectable FVIII inhibitor levels. She was subsequently treated for ES-SCLC with carboplatin, etoposide and atezolizumab. This case report highlights a rare clinical presentation of paraneoplastic AHA that necessitates prompt recognition in patients with SCLC with ongoing bleeding and elevated PTT.

scholarly journals SUCCESSFUL LONG TERM ERADICATION OF FACTOR VIII INHIBITOR IN PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED HAEMOPHILIA A IN SAUDI ARABIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e2012021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galila F Zaher ◽  
Soheir S Adam
Keyword(s):  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Factor Viii Inhibitor ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Fatal Bleeding ◽  
Factor Inhibitor ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy

Acquired haemophilia A is a serious and potentially fatal bleeding disorder. Diagnosis is difficult and maybe delayed due to its rarity. The high mortality rate and the complex nature of treatment necessitate patient management at a haemophilia centre, where the required expertise and resources are available. Prompt diagnosis is crucial and early initiation of therapy could be life saving. Management includes initial control of bleeding followed by an approach to eradicate the coagulation factor inhibitor. In this paper we describe our local experience with acquired haemophilia A, which resulted in the successful control of major bleeding at presentation and eradication of inhibitors.

A szerzett haemophilia A sikeres kezelése

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (49) ◽  
pp. 1977-1981
Keyword(s):  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Acquired Haemophilia

Összefoglaló. A szerzett haemophilia A ritka autoimmun betegség, melyben gátlótest képződik a VIII. véralvadási faktor ellen. Az inhibitor véralvadásra gyakorolt hatása súlyos, életet veszélyeztető vérzéses állapotot idéz elő. A beteg élete a gyors diagnózison múlik: a jellemző klinikai kép mellett a megnyúlt, normálplazmával nem korrigálható aktivált parciális tromboplasztinidő megléte esetén a kórkép alapos gyanúja merül fel. Egy súlyos vérszegénység miatt kórházunkba beutalt nőbeteg esetében a szerzett haemophilia A a felvételt követő napon már diagnosztizálásra került. A vérzés megszüntetésére aktivált protrombinkomplex-koncentrátumot alkalmaztunk, valamint immunszuppresszív terápiát vezettünk be. A kórkép korai felismerése és a megfelelő kezelés azonnali megkezdése a beteg gyógyulását eredményezte. Esetünkkel arra szeretnénk felhívni a figyelmet, hogy a szerzett haemophilia A gyors diagnózisa egyszerű, könnyen hozzáférhető véralvadási paraméter, az aktivált parciális tromboplasztinidő meghatározásán és nem korrigálható megnyúlásának felismerésén múlik. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(49): 1977–1981. Summary. Acquired haemophilia A is a rare autoimmune disorder, in which antibodies are formed against coagulation factor VIII. The effect of the inhibitor on blood clotting results in severe, life-threatening bleeding diathesis. The patient’s life depends on the rapid diagnosis: besides the characteristic clinical presentation, a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, which is not corrigible with normal plasma, suggests the existence of the disorder. In the case of the female patient who was referred to our hospital due to severe anaemia, acquired haemophilia A was diagnosed rapidly, the day after her admission. We used activated prothrombin complex concentrate to stop the bleeding, and introduced immunosuppressive therapy. The early recognition of the disease and immediate initiation of adequate treatment resulted in the patient’s full recovery. With our case presentation, we would like to draw attention to the fact that the rapid diagnosis of acquired haemophilia A depends on the determination of a simple, easily accessible coagulation parameter, the activated partial thromboplastin time and on the immediate recognition of its incorrigible prolongation. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(49): 1977–1981.

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