scholarly journals Vagal Flexibility during Exercise: Impact of Training, Stress, Anthropometric Measures, and Gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Perciliany Martins de Souza ◽  
Nacha Samadi Andrade Rosário ◽  
Kelerson Mauro de Castro Pinto ◽  
Poliana Elisa Assunção ◽  
Fernando Luiz Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Work Control ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Training Stress

We evaluated the effect of physical training, stress, anthropometric measures, and gender upon the reactivity and recovery of the heart rate variability (HRV) during a cardiorespiratory test. Professors (N=54) were evaluated using the following: physical training: time, frequency, and length of physical exercise; resting heart rate (HR); maximum HR; and recovery HR; stress: stress symptoms, work stress, vital events, and perceived stress; anthropometric measures: body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and fat percentage (FP); and HRV before, during, and after the test. The HRV decreased during and increased after the test. Increased recovery HR was associated with the decreased vagal output during the test, and decreased recovery HR was associated with the increased posttest vagal input. The higher the work control and stress symptoms of men and the higher the perceived stress for both genders, the lower the vagal output during the test. The lower stress symptom and work control of men and the lower work demand of women were associated with the posttest vagal increase. The increased WC and decreased WHR of men were associated with the lower vagal output during the test and the lower posttest vagal increase. The lower FP also was associated with the greater recovery.

Comparison of structured and unstructured physical activity training on predicted VO2max and heart rate variability in adolescents – a randomized control trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Sharma ◽  
Senthil Kumar Subramanian ◽  
Krishnakumar Radhakrishnan ◽  
Rajathi Rajendran ◽  
Balasubramanian Sulur Ravindran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
And Gender

AbstractBackground:Physical inactivity contributes to many health issues. The WHO-recommended physical activity for adolescents encompasses aerobic, resistance, and bone strengthening exercises aimed at achieving health-related physical fitness. Heart rate variability (HRV) and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) are considered as noninvasive measures of cardiovascular health. The objective of this study is to compare the effect of structured and unstructured physical training on maximal aerobic capacity and HRV among adolescents.Methods:We designed a single blinded, parallel, randomized active-controlled trial (Registration No. CTRI/2013/08/003897) to compare the physiological effects of 6 months of globally recommended structured physical activity (SPA), with that of unstructured physical activity (USPA) in healthy school-going adolescents. We recruited 439 healthy student volunteers (boys: 250, girls: 189) in the age group of 12–17 years. Randomization across the groups was done using age and gender stratified randomization method, and the participants were divided into two groups: SPA (n=219, boys: 117, girls: 102) and USPA (n=220, boys: 119, girls: 101). Depending on their training status and gender the participants in both SPA and USPA groups were further subdivided into the following four sub-groups: SPA athlete boys (n=22) and girls (n=17), SPA nonathlete boys (n=95) and girls (n=85), USPA athlete boys (n=23) and girls (n=17), and USPA nonathlete boys (n=96) and girls (n=84).Results:We recorded HRV, body fat%, and VO2 max using Rockport Walk Fitness test before and after the intervention. Maximum aerobic capacity and heart rate variability increased significantly while heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and body fat percentage decreased significantly after both SPA and USPA intervention. However, the improvement was more in SPA as compared to USPA.Conclusions:SPA is more beneficial for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, HRV, and reducing body fat percentage in terms of magnitude than USPA in adolescent individuals irrespective of their gender and sports activities.

scholarly journals Racial/ethnic Differences in Body Composition Measures and Exercise Parameters in the TIGER Study (P21-046-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Neely ◽  
Molly Bray
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objectives Although current adult anthropometric cut points (e.g., BMI, waist circumference (WC), etc.) are applied universally, a growing body of research suggests that these measures, along with their relation to body fat percentage, may differ across racial/ethnic groups. In this study we investigated the presence of racial/ethnic differences among anthropometric measures and exercise parameters. Racial/ethnic specific prediction of body fat percentage (DXA-BF%) by these body composition measures was also examined. Methods Data from 1789 participants from the Training Intervention and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) Study (n = 1154 females, 635 males) were used. Subjects underwent 15 weeks of aerobic exercise training at 65–85% heart rate reserve. Only subjects who completed the protocol were included in these analyses. One-way ANOVA and multivariate regression, stratified by gender, were used to compare the relationship between race/ethnicity, DXA-BF%, and body composition. Results Both African American (AA) males and females exhibited lower levels of DXA-BF% per unit BMI, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) when compared to NHW. Similarly, Hispanic White (H) of both genders showed less DXA-BF% per unit BMI and WC compared to NHW. AA and H males also showed significantly lower levels of DXA-BF% per unit waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Conversely, Asian Indians of both genders had higher levels of DXA-BF% per unit BMI, WC, and HC compared to NHW. Asians also had greater levels of DXA-BF% compared to NHW, with significant differences in HC for both genders and WHR in females. Racial/ethnic differences were observed among females for exercise duration, with AA (37.9 ± 3.9 minutes; P < 0.05), H (38.9 ± 4.0 minutes; P < 0.001), and Asians (38.9 ± 5.4 minutes; P < 0.01) all having significantly longer duration compared to NHW (37.1 ± 3.5 minutes). In males, values for exercise heart rate (AA 154.3 ± 7.6 bpm; H 157.7 ± 8.3 bpm; P < 0.05) and intensity (AA 66.6 ± 5.6%; H 69.4 ± 6.0%; P < 0.01) were significantly lower in AA compared to H. Conclusions Our data provide evidence of racial/ethnic biases in anthropometric measures and their relationship to DXA-BF%, further supporting the need for race/ethnicity-specific cut points. Significant racial/ethnic differences in exercise parameters were also observed. Funding Sources TIGER Study funded by NIH/NIDDK.

scholarly journals Biological and psychological stress correlates are linked to glucose metabolism, obesity and gender roles in women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kautzky ◽  
Kathrin Heneis ◽  
Karin Stengg ◽  
Sabine Fröhlich ◽  
Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Fatty Liver Index ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
And Gender

Objective. Psychological stress affects central as well as peripheral metabolism and hormone trafficking via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Stress thereby plays a decisive role in the etiology and progression of overweight and obesity, leading to several chronic diseases such as diabetes, and mental health disorders. The interplay of biological and psychometric correlates of stress, anthropometric, immunological and metabolic parameters and psychosocial factors such as gender roles, however, remains poorly understood. Methods. In this exploratory study, 43 healthy women were assessed for glucose metabolism by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and computation of functional parameters for insulin secretion, sensitivity and resistance. Further, the fatty liver index and anthropometric parameters body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat and lean mass were assessed. Psychological stress assessment included the “brief symptom inventory” (BSI), the “burn-out dimensions inventory” (BODI) and perceived stress scale (PSS). Biological stress response was evaluated with heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol levels. Finally, gender role self-identification was assessed with the “Bem sex role inventory” (BSRI). Generalized linear models were computed for exploratory association with psychometric outcome. Uncorrected p-values are reported. Results. Burn-out and perceived stress scores were associated with insulin secretion, sputum cortisol, TSH, anthropometric measures and gender role. BSI ratings for psychiatric symptom dimensions were associated with insulin resistance, sex hormones, anthropometric measures and gender role. Female self-identification was associated with higher BMI as well as body fat and a higher fatty liver index. Conclusion. Considering the increased risk of unfavorable metabolic, cardiovascular and also mental health outcome in obese women, a higher BMI in women with predominant female gender self-identification may be relevant for clinical risk assessment. The broad range of interacting biological, psychological and gender-related parameters calls for an integrative management of both mental and endocrinological health. However, the exploratory nature of the study calls for replication in larger samples before definite conclusion can be drawn.

Adult and God Attachment and Gender as Predictors of Perceived Stress

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Reiner ◽  
Tamara L. Anderson ◽  
M. Elizabeth Lewis Hall ◽  
Todd W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
God Attachment ◽  
And Gender

The effects of hostility and gender on heart rate variability in response to acute laboratory stressor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie E. Brintz ◽  
Daniel L. Hall ◽  
Barry E. Hurwitz ◽  
Charles S. Carver ◽  
Youngmee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Laboratory Stressor

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary coupling indices to assess weaning readiness from mechanical ventilation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Armañac-Julián ◽  
David Hernando ◽  
Jesús Lázaro ◽  
Candelaria de Haro ◽  
Rudys Magrans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing Trial ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Coupling ◽  
Cardiac Pumping ◽  
Successful Weaning ◽  
Frequency Coherence ◽  
Subspace Projections

AbstractThe ideal moment to withdraw respiratory supply of patients under Mechanical Ventilation at Intensive Care Units (ICU), is not easy to be determined for clinicians. Although the Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) provides a measure of the patients’ readiness, there is still around 15–20% of predictive failure rate. This work is a proof of concept focused on adding new value to the prediction of the weaning outcome. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Cardiopulmonary Coupling (CPC) methods are evaluated as new complementary estimates to assess weaning readiness. The CPC is related to how the mechanisms regulating respiration and cardiac pumping are working simultaneously, and it is defined from HRV in combination with respiratory information. Three different techniques are used to estimate the CPC, including Time-Frequency Coherence, Dynamic Mutual Information and Orthogonal Subspace Projections. The cohort study includes 22 patients in pressure support ventilation, ready to undergo the SBT, analysed in the 24 h previous to the SBT. Of these, 13 had a successful weaning and 9 failed the SBT or needed reintubation –being both considered as failed weaning. Results illustrate that traditional variables such as heart rate, respiratory frequency, and the parameters derived from HRV do not differ in patients with successful or failed weaning. Results revealed that HRV parameters can vary considerably depending on the time at which they are measured. This fact could be attributed to circadian rhythms, having a strong influence on HRV values. On the contrary, significant statistical differences are found in the proposed CPC parameters when comparing the values of the two groups, and throughout the whole recordings. In addition, differences are greater at night, probably because patients with failed weaning might be experiencing more respiratory episodes, e.g. apneas during the night, which is directly related to a reduced respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Therefore, results suggest that the traditional measures could be used in combination with the proposed CPC biomarkers to improve weaning readiness.

scholarly journals Can Anthropometry and Body Composition Explain Physical Fitness Levels in School-Aged Children?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Chih-Yu Hsu ◽  
Liang-Sien Chen ◽  
I-Jen Chang ◽  
Wei-Ching Fang ◽  
Sun-Weng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children

Physical fitness (PF) is closely related to various health outcomes and quality of life among children. However, the associations between anthropometry, body composition (BC), and PF are not fully elucidated. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the associations between demographic metrics (age, sex), anthropometric measures (body mass index z-score (BMI z-score) waist/height ratio (WHtR)), BC parameters (body-fat percentage (BF%), muscle weight), and PF levels (800-m run, sit-and-reach, 1-min sit-ups, standing long jump) in school-aged children. Continuous variables were dichotomized by median splits. The results of 180 girls and 180 boys (mean age: 10.0 ± 0.7 years; mean BMI z-score: 0.366 ± 1.216) were analyzed. Multivariable linear regressions revealed that BF% (regression coefficient (B) = 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.5–4.3) was independently correlated with the 800-m run. Sex (B = 4.6, 95% CI = 3.0–6.3), age (B = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.9–4.3), and BMI z-score (B = −0.7, 95% CI = −1.4–−0.1) were independently related to sit-and-reach. Age (B = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.0–4.7), BF% (B = −0.3, 95% CI = −0.4–−0.2), and muscle weight (B = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.2–1.2) were independently associated with 1-min sit-ups. In addition to demography, anthropometry and BC provided additional information concerning some PF levels in school-aged children. Weight management and PF promotion should be addressed simultaneously in terms of preventive medicine and health promotion for children.

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