scholarly journals Brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Fibromyalgia: Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Replicated Single-Case Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
María Camino Gómez-Pérez ◽  
Azucena García-Palacios ◽  
Diana Castilla ◽  
Irene Zaragozá ◽  
Carlos Suso-Ribera
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Case Design

Objective. Overall, the literature on the effectiveness of psychological treatments in general and those for fibromyalgia in particular has been dominated by research designs that focus on large groups and explore changes on average, so the treatment impact at the individual level remains unclear. In this quasi-experimental, replicated single-case design, we will test the feasibility and effectiveness of a brief acceptance and committed therapy intervention using ecological momentary assessment supported by technology. Methods. The sample comprised 7 patients (3 in the individual condition and 4 in the group condition) who received a brief, 5-week psychological treatment. Patient evolution was assessed one week prior to treatment onset and during the whole study with a smartphone app. Because ecological momentary assessment and the use of an app are not frequent practices in routine care, we also evaluated the feasibility of this assessment methodology (i.e., compliance with the app). Change was investigated with a nonoverlap of all pairs index. Outcomes were pain interference with sleep and social activities, fatigue, sadness, and pain intensity. Results. Patient change was not uniform across outcomes. Four patients (two in each condition) showed relatively moderate levels of change (approximately 60% nonoverlap in several outcomes). The remaining patients showed more modest improvements which affected a reduced number of outcomes. Based on nonoverlapping indices, there was no clear evidence in favor of any treatment format. Conclusions. An alternative design to large-scale trials, one that focuses on the individual change, exists and it can be implemented in pain research. The use of technology (e.g., smartphones) simplifies such designs by facilitating ecological momentary assessment. Based on our findings showing that changes were not homogeneous across patients or outcomes, more single-case designs and patient-centered analyses (e.g., responder and moderation analyses) are required.

scholarly journals Ecological momentary assessment using patient smartphones: a pilot study in depression (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Delval ◽  
Redwan Maatoug ◽  
Terence Brochu ◽  
Benjamin Pitrat ◽  
Bruno Millet
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Graphic Rendering

UNSTRUCTURED Background: Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is a promising tool in the management of psychiatric disorders and particularly depression; it allows for a real-time evaluation of symptoms and an earlier detection of relapse or efficiency of the treatment associated. The generalization of the smartphone in modern societies also offers a new large-scale support for EMA. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility in terms of compliance as well as graphic rendering and user experience of an EMA with patients suffering from unipolar depression. Method: Eleven patients at La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital were followed during 28 days with the help of a smartphone application installed on the patient’s personal smartphones. The results of the real-time collected data were reviewed during three follow-up consultations, by a psychiatrist interacting with the patient, on a “dashboard” aggregating all the patient’s data in a user-friendly manner. Results: Seven patients out of eleven have followed the protocol for its total length of time. Two patients continue to fill in the questionnaires without showing for the consultation which suggests that EMA is easy to use with a good compliance. The global response rate to the questionnaires was 58% with an average follow-up duration of 21 days out of 28 days in total. In light of the results in terms of graphic rendering and patient’s satisfaction, we strongly believe that EMA should be the focus on follow-up and early intervention studies.

Assessment of Emotion Dysregulation Using Ecological Momentary Assessment

2019 ◽  
pp. 409-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather T. Schatten ◽  
Kenneth J. D. Allen ◽  
Michael F. Armey
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

As emotion is a dynamic construct, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods, which gather data at multiple time points in individuals’ real-world environments, in the moment, are particularly well suited to measure emotion dysregulation and related constructs. EMA methods can identify contextual events that prompt or follow an emotional response. This chapter provides an overview of traditional methods of studying emotion dysregulation and how EMA can be used to capture emotion dysregulation in daily life, both within and independent of psychiatric diagnoses. It reviews the literature on emotion dysregulation and related constructs within specific diagnoses (e.g., depression, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and eating disorders) and behaviors (e.g., suicide, nonsuicidal self-injury, and alcohol use). Finally, it discusses future directions in EMA research, as well as its implications for psychological treatment.

scholarly journals Be Active and Become Happy: An Ecological Momentary Assessment of Physical Activity and Mood

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kanning ◽  
Wolfgang Schlicht
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

The positive effects of physical activity on mood are well documented in cross-sectional studies. To date there have been only a few studies analyzing within-subject covariance between physical activity and mood in everyday life. This study aims to close this gap using an ambulatory assessment of mood and physical activity. Thirteen participants completed a standardized diary over a 10-week period, resulting in 1,860 measurement points. Valence, energetic arousal, and calmness are the three subscales of mood that were assessed. Participants rated their mood promptly after self-selected activities. A multilevel analysis indicates that the three dimensions of mood were positively affected by episodes of physical activity, such as walking or gardening—valence: t(12) = 5.6, p < .001; energetic arousal: t(12) = 2.4, p = .033; calmness: t(12) = 2.8, p = .015. Moreover, the association is affected by the individual baseline mood level, with the greatest effect seen when mood is depressed.

scholarly journals Toward Data-Based Case Conceptualization: A Functional Analysis Approach With Ecological Momentary Assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Scholten ◽  
Tanja Lischetzke ◽  
Julia Glombiewski
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Network analyses and process-based approaches to psychotherapy are thrilling developments for psychotherapy research and practice, but they lack a therapeutic rationale for the individual selection of treatment modules. Conceptualizing the conditional relations around human responses using functional analysis could guide case conceptualization and treatment planning. In a pilot study with four participants (a 30- and a 25-year-old man; a 19- and a 44-year-old woman), we developed and tested the feasibility and acceptance of an assessment that comprises elements of functional analysis for participants with emotional disorders. We assessed an individualized set of items three times per day, for a period of 30 days, with ecological momentary assessment while participants were waiting for psychotherapy. The implementation proved to be both feasible and accepted; participants did not report any side effects. Three datasets were included in the analysis; one had to be excluded because the minimum response rate of 80% (out of 90 data points) was not met. P-factor and network analyses revealed meaningful behavioral clusters (e.g., participant 1: hopelessness, procrastination, coping, avoidance). The assessment is a promising diagnostic tool that helps participants and therapists identify and systemize relevant behavior patterns and to draw conclusions for treatment planning.

Does Assessment Alter Responses? An Examination of Measurement Reactivity in an Ecological Momentary Assessment of Body Comparisons

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-332
Author(s):  
Rachel I. Macintyre ◽  
Kristin E. Heron ◽  
Charlotte A. Dawson ◽  
Kelly B. Filipkowski ◽  
Danielle Arigo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Measurement Reactivity ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Introduction: Body comparisons have been implicated in body dissatisfaction and eating disorder development. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used to capture body comparisons in everyday life; however, the potential for measurement reactivity this approach has on EMA responses has yet to be examined. The present study systematically evaluated measurement reactivity in EMA of body comparisons. Methods: Undergraduate women (N = 75) completed four surveys daily for 11 days; Days 1–4 did not include comparison assessments and Days 5–11 did. Changes were examined in related EMA measures between these time periods and individual difference measures pre- and post-EMA. Results: A within-person MANOVA showed no significant change in the individual difference measures. Multilevel analyses revealed that participants reported fewer comparisons as day of study increased. When they completed EMA with versus without comparison items, they reported fewer occasions of loss of control while eating and less pleasant social company at time of assessment. Discussion: Findings suggest limited concern for reactivity in this approach, though researchers examining body comparisons, loss of control eating, and perceptions of social company should be cautious when interpreting their findings and consider examining reactivity directly. Future research on body comparisons should also consider using run-in periods to improve data quality.

scholarly journals Assessment of individual competence

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. e41736
Author(s):  
Jimmie Leppink
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Worked Example ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Individual Candidate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Case Design

Aims: the assessment of individual competence in medical education is about finding a balance between having sufficient resources to make valid and reliable decisions and not using more resources than necessary. Sequential assessment, in which more resources are used for borderline performing candidates than for poorly or clearly satisfactorily performing candidates, can be used to achieve that balance. Although sequential assessment is commonly associated with larger groups of candidates to be assessed, in many practical settings numbers of candidates may be small.Objective: this article presents a single case design with a statistical model for the assessment of individual competence that can be used regardless of the number of candidates.Method: a worked example of a solution that can be used for an individual candidate, using simulated data in the zero-cost Open Source statistical program R version 4.0.5., is provided.Results: the aforementioned solution provides statistics that can be used to make pass/fail decisions at the level of the individual candidate as well as to make decisions regarding the length and timing of an exam (or parts thereof) for the individual candidate.Conclusion: the solution provided can help to reduce resources needed for assessment to a considerable extent while maximizing resources for borderline candidates. This facilitates both decision making and cost reduction in assessment.

Moving Forward Four Words at a Time: Effects of a Supplemental Preschool Vocabulary Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey A. Peters-Sanders ◽  
Elizabeth S. Kelley ◽  
Christa Haring Biel ◽  
Keri Madsen ◽  
Xigrid Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Intervention ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
Iterative Development ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
Interactive Lessons ◽  
Case Design

Purpose This study evaluated the effects of an automated, small-group intervention designed to teach preschoolers challenging vocabulary words. Previous studies have provided evidence of efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the program after doubling the number of words taught from 2 to 4 words per book. Method Seventeen preschool children listened to 1 prerecorded book per week for 9 weeks. Each storybook had embedded, interactive lessons for 4 target vocabulary words. Each lesson provided repeated exposures to words and their definitions, child-friendly contexts, and multiple opportunities for children to respond verbally to instructional prompts. Participants were asked to define the weekly targeted vocabulary before and after intervention. A repeated acquisition single-case design was used to examine the effects of the books and embedded lessons on learning of target vocabulary words. Results Treatment effects were observed for all children across many of the books. Learning of at least 2 points (i.e., 1 word) was replicated for 74.5% of 149 books tested across the 17 participants. On average, children learned to define 47% of the target vocabulary words (17 out of 36). Conclusions Results support including 4 challenging words per book, as children learned substantially more words when 4 words were taught, in comparison to previous studies. Within an iterative development process, results of the current study take us 1 step closer to creating an optimal vocabulary intervention that supports the language development of at-risk children.

Successful Implicit Vocabulary Intervention for Three Cantonese-Speaking Toddlers: A Replicated Single-Case Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4148-4161
Author(s):  
Christine S.-Y. Ng ◽  
Stephanie F. Stokes ◽  
Mary Alt
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood Density ◽  
Phonological Neighborhood ◽  
And Control ◽  
Case Design

Purpose We report on a replicated single-case design study that measured the feasibility of an expressive vocabulary intervention for three Cantonese-speaking toddlers with small expressive lexicons relative to their age. The aim was to assess the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic feasibility of an intervention method developed for English-speaking children. Method A nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design was used with four baseline data points and 16 intervention sessions per participant. The intervention design incorporated implicit learning principles, high treatment dosage, and control of the phonological neighborhood density of the stimuli. The children (24–39 months) attended 7–9 weeks of twice weekly input-based treatment in which no explicit verbal production was required from the child. Each target word was provided as input a minimum of 64 times in at least two intervention sessions. Treatment feasibility was measured by comparison of how many of the target and control words the child produced across the intervention period, and parent-reported expressive vocabulary checklists were completed for comparison of pre- and postintervention child spoken vocabulary size. An omnibus effect size for the treatment effect of the number of target and control words produced across time was calculated using Kendall's Tau. Results There was a significant treatment effect for target words learned in intervention relative to baselines, and all children produced significantly more target than control words across the intervention period. The effect of phonological neighborhood density on expressive word production could not be evaluated because two of the three children learned all target words. Conclusion The results provide cross-cultural evidence of the feasibility of a model of intervention that incorporated a high-dosage, cross-situational statistical learning paradigm to teach spoken word production to children with small expressive lexicons.

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