Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Different Types of Broiler Skeletal Muscle Fibers Using the RNA-seq Technique

The difference in muscle fiber types is very important to the muscle development and meat quality of broilers. At present, the molecular regulation mechanisms of skeletal muscle fiber-type transformation in broilers are still unclear. In this study, differentially expressed genes between breast and leg muscles in broilers were analyzed using RNA-seq. A total of 767 DEGs were identified. Compared with leg muscle, there were 429 upregulated genes and 338 downregulated genes in breast muscle. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in cellular processes, single organism processes, cells, and cellular components, as well as binding and catalytic activity. KEGG analysis shows that a total of 230 DEGs were mapped to 126 KEGG pathways and significantly enriched in the four pathways of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, insulin signalling pathways, and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the differential expression of 7 selected DEGs, and the results were consistent with RNA-seq data. In addition, the expression profile of MyHC isoforms in chicken skeletal muscle cells showed that with the extension of differentiation time, the expression of fast fiber subunits (types IIA and IIB) gradually increased, while slow muscle fiber subunits (type I) showed a downward trend after 4 days of differentiation. The differential genes screened in this study will provide some new ideas for further understanding the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle fiber transformation in broilers.

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Glycogenesis from lactate in rabbit skeletal muscle fiber types

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.4.r903 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 258 (4) ◽

pp. R903-R911 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. J. Pagliassotti ◽

C. M. Donovan

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Fiber ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽

Rabbit Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Fiber Types ◽

Type I ◽

Fiber Types ◽

Mammalian Skeletal Muscle

The path of glycogen synthesis from three-carbon precursors was studied via single-pass perfusions in three distinct rabbit skeletal muscle preparations, i.e., glycolytic (greater than 99% type IIb), oxidative (greater than 97% type I), and mixed (type I, IIa, and IIb). The extent of interaction between the Krebs cycle and glycogenesis was assessed utilizing [1-14C]- or [2-14C]lactate at basal (1.1 +/- 0.1 mM) and elevated (8.1 +/- 0.3 mM) lactate concentrations (protocols 1 and 2). Under conditions in which the net balance of glucose and lactate, [14C]lactate removal, and venous lactate-specific activity were similar, the yields of 14CO2 and [14C]glycogen were not significantly influenced by position of the label. Additional perfusions were performed with lactate (8.0 +/- 0.1 mM) and acetate (1.0 +/- 0.1 mM) as sole substrates and either [U-14C]lactate or [2-14C]acetate as the tracer. Under conditions of net glycogen synthesis, the incorporation of [14C]lactate into glycogen [in disintegrations/min (dpm).g-1.2 h-1] was 40,940 +/- 3,320, 1,540 +/- 320, and 32,600 +/- 4,100 in the glycolytic, oxidative, and mixed preparations, respectively. However, no incorporation of [2-14C]acetate into glycogen was observed in any preparation, despite a significant yield of 14CO2. Mercaptopicolinic acid, a potent inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), demonstrated no significant effect on net substrate balance, tracer uptake, net glycogen synthesis, incorporation of [14C]lactate and [3H]-glucose into glycogen, or 14CO2 yield. Current results suggest an extramitochondrial route for net glycogen synthesis from three-carbon precursors, exclusive of PEPCK, that is consistent across all mammalian skeletal muscle fiber types.

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Parsing the microRNA genetics basis regulating skeletal muscle fiber types and meat quality traits in pigs

Animal Genetics ◽

10.1111/age.13064 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Jiang ◽

D. Yin ◽

L. Zhang ◽

B. Li ◽

R. Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Muscle Fiber ◽

Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽

Muscle Fiber Types ◽

Fiber Types ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Meat Quality Traits

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Mitochondrial Dynamics Is a Distinguishing Feature of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types and Regulates Organellar Compartmentalization

Cell Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.027 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 1033-1044 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Prashant Mishra ◽

Grigor Varuzhanyan ◽

Anh H. Pham ◽

David C. Chan

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Fiber ◽

Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽

Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽

Muscle Fiber Types ◽

Fiber Types

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Blood flow to different skeletal muscle fiber types during contraction

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1983.245.2.h265 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 245 (2) ◽

pp. H265-H275 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

B. G. Mackie ◽

R. L. Terjung

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Muscle Fiber ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Oxidative Capacity ◽

Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽

Muscle Fiber Types ◽

Fiber Types ◽

Blood Flows ◽

Fast Twitch

Blood flow to fast-twitch red (FTR), fast-twitch white (FTW), and slow-twitch red (STR) muscle fiber sections of the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle group was determined using 15 +/- 3-microns microspheres during in situ stimulation in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Steady-state blood flows were assessed during the 10th min of contraction using twitch (0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 Hz) and tetanic (7.5, 15, 30, 60, and 120/min) stimulation conditions. In addition, an earlier blood flow determination was begun at 3 min (twitch series) or at 30 s (tetanic series) of stimulation. Blood flow was highest in the FTR (220-240 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1), intermediate in the STR (140), and lowest in the FTW (70-80) section during tetanic contraction conditions estimated to coincide with the peak aerobic function of each fiber type. These blood flows are fairly proportional to the differences in oxidative capacity among fiber types. Further, their absolute values are similar to those predicted from the relationship between blood flow and oxidative capacity found by others for dog and cat muscles. During low-frequency contraction conditions, initial blood flow to the FTR and STR sections were excessively high and not dependent on contraction frequency. However, blood flows subsequently decreased to values in keeping with the relative energy demands. In contrast, FTW muscle did not exhibit this time-dependent relative hyperemia. Thus, besides the obvious quantitative differences between skeletal muscle fiber types, there are qualitative differences in blood flow response during contractions. Our findings establish that, based on fiber type composition, a heterogeneity in blood flow distribution can occur within a whole muscle during contraction.

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Identification and Characterization of Circular RNAs in Longissimus Dorsi Muscle Tissue from Two Goat Breeds using RNA-Seq

10.21203/rs.3.rs-944970/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiyuan Shen ◽

Huimin Zhen ◽

Lu Li ◽

Yuting Zhang ◽

Jiqing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Fiber ◽

Muscle Development ◽

Production Performance ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Skeletal Muscle Development ◽

Fiber Size

Abstract Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA that play crucial roles in the development of skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the role of circRNAs in caprine skeletal muscle. In this study, the muscle fiber size and expression profiles of circRNAs were compared in Longissimus dorsi muscle of Liaoning cashmere (LC) goats and Ziwuling black (ZB) goats with significant phenotypic differences in meat production performance, using hematoxylin and eosin staining and RNA-Seq, respectively.Results: The muscle fiber size in LC goats were larger than those in ZB goats (P < 0.05). A total of 10,875 circRNAs were identified and 214 of these were differentially expressed between the two caprine breeds. The authentication and expression levels of 20 circRNAs were confirmed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and DNA sequencing. The parent genes of differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly enriched in connective tissue development, Rap1, cGMP-PKG, cAMP and Ras signaling pathway. Some miRNAs reportedly associated with skeletal muscle development and intramuscular fat deposition would be targeted by several differentially expressed circRNAs and the most highly expressed circRNA (circ_001086).Conclusion: These results provide an improved understanding of the functions of circRNAs in skeletal muscle development of goats.

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Human Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types: Delineation, Development, and Distribution

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1139/h97-020 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 307-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Robert S. Staron

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Fiber ◽

Human Skeletal Muscle ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽

Muscle Fiber Types ◽

Fiber Types ◽

Key Words Aging ◽

Fiber Number ◽

Human Limb

This brief review attempts to summarize a number of studies on the delineation, development, and distribution of human skeletal muscle fiber types. A total of seven fiber types can be identified in human limb and trunk musculature based on the pH stability/ability of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase). For most human muscles, mATPase-based fiber types correlate with the myosin heavy chain (MHC) content. Thus, each histochemically identified fiber has a specific MHC profile. Although this categorization is useful, it must be realized that muscle fibers are highly adaptable and that innumerable fiber type transients exist. Also, some muscles contain specific MHC isoforms and/or combinations that do not permit routine mATPase-based fiber typing. Although the major populations of fast and slow are, for the most part, established shortly after birth, subtle alterations take place throughout life. These changes appear to relate to alterations in activity and/or hormonal levels, and perhaps later in life, total fiber number. Because large variations in fiber type distribution can be found within a muscle and between individuals, interpretation of data gathered from human muscle is often difficult. Key words: aging, myosin heavy chains, myogenesis, myofibrillar adenosine triphosphate

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