scholarly journals Congenital Cataracts and Microphakia with Retinal Dysplasia and Optic Nerve Hypoplasia in a Calf

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Siepker ◽  
Jennifer L. Zimmer ◽  
Kathleen M. Bedard ◽  
Kelsey A. Hart ◽  
Sarah L. Czerwinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia ◽  
Congenital Cataracts ◽  
Visual Defects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ocular Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Retinal Dysplasia

Case Description. A two-month-old, female, Aberdeen-Angus calf was presented for congenital cataracts and blindness in both eyes (OU). The dam had a reported history of visual defects (not specified) and had produced other affected calves (per owner history). Ophthalmic examination revealed mature bilateral cataracts, attenuation of the iridic granules, persistent pupillary membranes, and dyscoric pupils. Additionally, the calf had a poor body condition, prognathism, dome-shaped head, excessive nasal drainage, limb contracture, and fever. Histopathology of both eyes revealed lenticular degeneration (congenital cataracts), retinal dysplasia, and optic nerve hypoplasia. BVDV IHC detected antigen within only the left eye (OS), consisting of intrahistiocytic and endothelial immunoreactivity within the ciliary body, iris, and choroid. No BVDV immunoreactivity could be detected in the right eye (OD). This case highlights the unique ocular changes present in in utero BVDV infection of cattle with a different immunohistochemical staining profile than previously described.

scholarly journals Recurrent Self-Induced Nontraumatic Orbital Emphysema Causing Orbital Compartment Syndrome with Optic Nerve Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S. Cutting ◽  
C. Davies-Husband ◽  
C. Poitelea
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
First Case ◽  
Orbital Emphysema ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nerve Dysfunction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Needle Decompression

The majority of cases of orbital emphysema are due to trauma. Complications are rare, and therefore, the need for surgical intervention is uncommon. We present the first case of which we are aware in which nontraumatic orbital emphysema led to orbital compartment syndrome and subsequent optic nerve dysfunction. The patient underwent emergency needle decompression. A 51-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with right-sided unilateral proptosis, reduced visual acuity, and binocular diplopia. This occurred after performing a Valsalva manoeuvre with no history of head trauma. He also mentioned that over the past year he had experienced multiple episodes of transient proptosis occurring after Valsalva manoeuvres. Visual acuity in the right eye was reduced to 6/21. A relative afferent pupillary defect was present and intraocular pressure (IOP) was 12 mmHg. The CT scan showed significant orbital emphysema in the medial aspect of the right orbit. Needle decompression was performed resulting in immediate resolution of his symptoms. This case demonstrates that, in cases of orbital emphysema, a lack of a history of trauma and a normal IOP cannot always be used to rule out serious pathology.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Katarak Kongenital di RSUD Provinsi NTB Periode 2018-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 946-956
Author(s):  
Rani Salsabilla ◽  
Marie Yuni Andari ◽  
Monalisa Nasrul
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Congenital Cataracts ◽  
Natural Birth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Descriptive Method

Congenital cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in children. Lens opacity in early life has the potential to cause permanent visual impairment if not treated promptly. Cataract surgery performed at the right time can prevent children from amblyopia (lazy eye). This study aims to determine the characteristics of congenital cataracts at the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial General Hospital in the 2018-2019 period. This research uses descriptive method. The data used is secondary data from medical records of congenital cataract patients at the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial General Hospital in the 2018-2019 period. In the 2018-2019 period, 40 children had congenital cataracts. Most of the cataract sufferers were women (52.5%); living outside the city of Mataram (92.5%) with an age distribution of under 12 months (95%) and the rest over 12 months. For infants under 12 months, 53 percent have been diagnosing at the age of 1-2 months. The characteristics of congenital cataracts found were generally bilateral (52.5%), had standard birth weight (52.5%), history of natural birth delivery (67.5%), and had other extraocular congenital abnormalities (72.5%). Most patients with congenital cataracts in the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial General Hospital have been diagnosing at a (pretty/moderately) early age of 1-2 months at the beginning of their lives. So, with appropriate and prompt therapy, hoping that it can reduce the risk of amblyopia.

scholarly journals Ectopic intraconal orbital meningioma – A rare case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Sharma ◽  
Charandeep Singh Gandhoke ◽  
Somen Misra ◽  
Ashik Ravi ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Orbital Meningioma

Background: Ectopic orbital meningiomas (OM) are a rare subset of OMs which are neither attached to the optic nerve sheath nor to the surrounding bone. Case Description: We report the case of a 65-year-old female who presented with a 1 year history of proptosis followed by visual loss and restricted right eye movements since 3 months. Radiology of the orbits was suggestive of intraorbital, intraconal, and heterogeneous contrast enhancing right eye lesion which was completely excised through supraorbital orbitotomy approach. Intraoperatively, the right optic nerve, though compressed, and displaced inferiorly, was free from the lesion. The final histopathological diagnosis was “Meningioma WHO Grade I.” At 3 months follow-up, patient’s vision in the right eye improved from perception of light positive to 6/12 and there was no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: Rarity of ectopic OM, total surgical excision with an excellent postoperative visual outcome prompted us to report this case.

scholarly journals Surgical Management of Pilocytic Astrocytoma of the Optic Nerve: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Apanisile ◽  
Tamás Karosi
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
The Right

Optic nerve astrocytomas (ONAs) are frequent types of optic nerve gliomas (ONGs), which can affect the visual pathway. An 18-year-old male patient was admitted to our department with right-sided intraorbital/retrobulbar swelling, which progressively grew over several months. Clinical examination showed right-sided diplopia, mydriasis, low visual acuity (0.4), exophthalmus (3 cm), epiphora, and severe retrobulbar pain. There was a family history of high-grade (IV) astrocytomas in which two of the family members died due to the disease. Preoperative MRI scan revealed a soft tissue mass around the retrobulbar area of the right eye with intact orbital bony walls. Surgery was performed whereby it was dissected freely from the muscles and was separated from the optic nerve and the globe. Histopathologic analysis confirmed a benign astrocytoma. The follow-up examination revealed no recurrent or residual tumor. A systemic review of the literature indicates that early diagnosis and experienced multidisciplinary management are required in case of unilateral, resectable forms of ONAs with no distant metastasis, in order to provide a long-time survival of patients. Surgical intervention of unilateral ONAs is a relatively safe procedure, allowing complete or partial tumor removal with minimal morbidity and low recurrence rate.

scholarly journals Rectal adenocarcinoma: rare metastasis to the optic nerve

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e228090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Jamall ◽  
Korina Theodoraki ◽  
Sepideh Amin ◽  
David Verity ◽  
Adam Bates
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Rectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Nerve Biopsy ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Fundus Examination ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

We present the first reported case of histologically proven colorectal adenocarcinoma with metastatic spread to the optic nerve. A 49-year-old man, with a known history of rectal adenocarcinoma, presented with progressive loss of vision in his left eye. On presentation, he had no perception to light in his left eye and Snellen acuity of 6/36 in the right eye. Fundus examination showed a left globally swollen optic nerve with a few flame-shaped haemorrhages. A gadolinium-enhanced MRI scan demonstrated abnormal thickening of the anterior and mid-section of the optic nerve with high signal on STIR and postgadolinium enhancement. Optic nerve biopsy confirmed the presence of epithelial adenocarcinoma compatible with metastasis of gut origin. The patient died within 4 months of presentation.

scholarly journals Primary renal leiomyosarcoma: A rare case report

2021 ◽  
pp. 503-505
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Nandi ◽  
Smritiparna Das ◽  
Chhanda Das ◽  
Madhumita Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Past History ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Leiomyosarcoma of the kidney is a rare type of adult renal sarcoma. Here, we presented a case of a 68-year-old female who had a past history of bilateral renal calculi 3 years back with hydronephrotic changes, now presented to the OPD with complaints of abdominal pain for the past few months. On further evaluation, a heterogeneously enhancing necrotic mass was identified in the right kidney measuring 7.5 cm in the greatest dimension. A right radical nephrectomy with left Double J stenting was done. From histopathological and immunohistochemical staining, it was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma.

scholarly journals A Patient With Optic Nerve Pit Maculopathy Successfully Treated With Juxtapapillary Laser Photocoagulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homayoun Nikkhah ◽  
Iman Ansari ◽  
Kiana Hassanpour
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Laser Photocoagulation ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Serous Macular Detachment ◽  
Abnormal Finding ◽  
Macular Detachment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Funduscopic Examination ◽  
The Right

Optic disc pits are rare and congenital or acquired anomalies of the optic disc, usually remaining asymptomatic. However, serous macular detachment or optic disc maculopathy is the most common complication, causing significant visual deterioration, without a current consensus about treatment. A 55-year-old woman with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension was referred for an abnormal finding in the retina. The Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA) was 20/40 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. Marcus-Gunn was negative and Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed no pathologic findings in both eyes. Funduscopic examination showed an excavation in the inferotemporal part of the Optic Nerve Head (ONH) with serous macular detachment extending to the optic disc. Based on clinical examination and paraclinical imaging fluorescein Angiogeraphy (FAG) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), optic pit maculopathy was diagnosed and the patient underwent Juxtapapillary Laser Photocoagulation (JLP). After 2 years of follow-up, there were anatomical and functional improvements.

scholarly journals Septooptic Dysplasia with an Associated Arachnoid Cyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skyler V. McLaurin-Jiang ◽  
Julie K. Wood ◽  
David F. Crudo
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia ◽  
Bright Spot ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pituitary Hypoplasia ◽  
Careful Physical Examination

A 4-week-old male infant presented with hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. His medical history was remarkable for hydrocephalus secondary to an arachnoid cyst, intermittent hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and poor feeding requiring nasogastric tube for nutrition. Physical exam revealed retrognathia, mild hypotonia, micropenis, and clinodactyly. Ophthalmologic exam demonstrated bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH). Laboratory data confirmed inadequate cortisol and growth hormone response to hypoglycemia, a low thyroxine level, and direct hyperbilirubinemia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain confirmed the known history of arachnoid cyst with hydrocephalus but also revealed anterior pituitary hypoplasia, absence of the posterior pituitary bright spot, a thin pituitary stalk, and bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. A diagnosis of septooptic dysplasia (SOD) was made. Hormone replacement with hydrocortisone and levothyroxine was started with improvement in the infant’s glycemic control, thermoregulation, feeding, and cholestasis. This case reinforces the importance of careful physical examination and laboratory review in a patient with known history of arachnoid cyst which has been previously described as an associated feature of optic nerve hypoplasia and hypopituitarism.

scholarly journals Congenital Herniation of the Gyrus Rectus Resulting in Compressive Optic Neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-821
Author(s):  
Kia Gilani ◽  
Pejman Jabehdar Maralani ◽  
Arun NE Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Compressive Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mass Lesions ◽  
Gyrus Rectus

We report a 34-year-old male with a previously uninvestigated lifelong blindness of the right eye from compressive optic neuropathy secondary to congenital herniation of the gyrus rectus (HGR). His past medical history was otherwise unremarkable, with no history of prior head or ocular trauma. On examination, he had no light perception in the right eye, right relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), and primary optic atrophy. His left eye had normal visual acuity, color vision, and a healthy optic disc. There was a sensory exotropia in the right eye; however, extraocular movements were intact and the remainder of his neurological exam was normal. MRI revealed compression of the prechiasmatic right optic nerve from HGR and atrophy of the right optic nerve and optic chiasm (Figures 1 and 2), without any parenchymal mass lesions. There were no signal abnormalities in the optic nerves or the chiasm.

scholarly journals Vitreous Hemorrhage following High-Altitude Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Arjun Shrestha ◽  
Rinkal Suwal ◽  
Biju Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Lipid Panel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Right

Purpose. To report a case of high-altitude retinopathy with vitreous hemorrhage. Methods. An apparently healthy 29-year-old boy presented with a history of floater and slight diminution of vision in the left eye after climbing the mountain 4760 meters high. Results. The visual acuity at presentation was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. Anterior segment findings of both eyes were unremarkable. Fundus evaluation revealed bilaterally dilated major retinal veins. The right eye revealed clear, quiet vitreous, healthy macula, and pink and smooth optic disc. There was fresh vitreous hemorrhage confined just one disc diameter away at the superior and inferior part of the optic nerve in the left eye. The macula and optic nerve head of this eye grossly looked normal. Complete blood count, haemoglobin, ESR, CRP, sugar, renal function test, lipid panel, and serology for HIV, HCV, VDRL, and HBsAg were normal. The Mantoux test and chest X-ray also revealed normal findings. Physician consultation did not reveal other abnormalities. On the 3rd week of follow-up, his vision was 20/20 in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed clear vitreous in both eyes though some venous dilation and tortuosities were still evident in the left eye. A macular OCT scan showed almost normal-appearing fundus. Conclusions. Vitreous hemorrhage following climbing high altitude can be one of the manifestations of high-altitude retinopathy.

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