scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Nonautonomy on Decision Regarding Contraceptive Utilization among Married Reproductive-Age Women in Ethiopia: Spatial and Bayesian Multilevel Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Setognal Birara Aychiluhm ◽  
Kusse Urmale Mare ◽  
Mequannet Sharew Melaku ◽  
Abay Woday Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Contraceptive Utilization

Background. Studies conducted to date in Ethiopia did not explore the spatial distribution, individual-level, and community-level factors affecting women’s nonautonomy on decision to use contraceptives. Hence, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of women’s nonautonomy on decision regarding contraceptive utilization and its determinants in Ethiopia. Methods. Data were accessed from the Demographic Health Survey program official database website (https://dhsprogram.com). A weighted sample of 3,668 married reproductive-age women currently using contraceptives was included in this analysis. Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models were fitted to identify the determinants of women’s nonautonomy on contraceptive utilization. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% credible interval was used to select variables that have a significant effect on nonautonomy on contraceptive utilization. Results. A high proportion of women with nonautonomy on decision regarding contraceptive utilization was found in northern parts of Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region, Southern parts of Oromia, and Benishangul-Gumuz regions of the country. Overall, 2876 (78.40% (95% CI: 77.0%, 79.7%)) women were nonautonomous on decision regarding contraceptive utilization. In the final model, age from 35–49 (AOR (95% CI) = 0.63 (0.54, 0.72)), living in the richer households (AOR (95% CI) = 0.12 (0.03, 0.26)), being married at 18 years or above (AOR (95% CI) = 0.33 (0.19, 0.57)), and residing in an rural areas (AOR (95% CI) = 1.34 (1.01, 1.71)) and metropolitan regions (AOR (95% CI) = 0.71(0.54, 0.91)) were associated with women’s nonautonomy on decision regarding contraceptive utilization. Conclusions. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of women’s nonautonomy on decision about contraceptive utilization was nonrandom. More than three-fourths of married reproductive-age women in Ethiopia are nonautonomous on decision regarding contraceptive utilization. Region, residence, current age, age at marriage, and wealth index were statistically associated with women’s nonautonomy on decision regarding contraceptive utilization.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinants of iron supplementation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chilot Desta Agegnehu ◽  
Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ◽  
Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale ◽  
Adugnaw Zeleke Alem ◽  
Yigizie Yeshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Abstract Background: Anemia remains a global public health problem. Despite WHO recommended all pregnant women to have iron supplementation, nearly 50% of maternal anemia in SSA was occurred due to lack of iron supplementation during pregnancy. Maternal anemia is associated with an increased risk of maternal death, obstetric complications, preterm birth, and low birth weight. There is limited evidence on the spatial pattern and determinants of iron supplementation using spatial and multilevel analysis methods. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spatial pattern, and determinants of iron supplementation in Ethiopia. Methods: We used Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey in 2016 data explore the spatial distribution and associated factors of iron supplementation among women in Ethiopia. A weighted sample of 7589 women were included in the analysis. Bernoulli model was used to explore the purely spatial clusters of pregnant women using SaTScan version 9.6 and ArcGIS version10.3. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify significant individual and community level determinants of iron supplementation. Results: Spatial analysis revealed that there was significant spatial variation of iron supplementation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia with Global Moran’s index value of 0.3 (p <0.001). The primary cluster was in Southwest Somali and Central part of the Oromia region ((LLR=66.69, P<0.001, RR=1.35). ANC visit (AOR= 3.66, 95%CI: 3.21, 417), community education [AOR= 1.31, 95%CI, 1.07, 1.59), media exposure (AOR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.53), distance to health facility (AOR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.50), region and household wealth index were significantly associated with iron supplementation among women in Ethiopia. Conclusion: The spatial distribution of iron supplementation among reproductive age women were significantly varied across the country with significant hotspot areas located in the Southwest Somali and Central Oromia regions. Besides, ANC visit, region, household wealth index, media exposure, distance to the health facility, and community education were significant determinants of iron supplementation among reproductive age women. Therefore, the finding of this study could help to design effective public health interventions targeting areas low iron supplementation and maternal health services should be delivered in all areas of our country. Keywords : Iron supplementation, spatial analysis, women, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinants of undernutrition among reproductive age women of Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257664
Author(s):  
Ayenew Kassie Tesema ◽  
Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew ◽  
Adugnaw Zeleke Alem ◽  
Yigizie Yeshaw ◽  
Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Age At First Marriage

Introduction Malnutrition is one of the most devastating problems in Ethiopia and is inextricably linked with poverty. Women in the reproductive age group and children are most vulnerable to malnutrition due to low dietary intakes, inequitable distribution of food within the household, improper food storage and preparation, dietary taboos, infectious diseases, and care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and determinants of undernutrition among reproductive age of Ethiopia. Methods The study was based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The study included a total sampled weight of 15,139 women aged 15–49 years. The ArcGIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 statistical software were used for exploring the spatial distribution of undernutrition. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to determine the individual and community level factors associated with women undernutrition. Finally, the factors which were significant at 95% confidence interval were reported. Result The spatial analysis revealed that women undernutrition was significantly varied across the country. The SaTScan analysis identified a total of 144 significant hotspot areas of maternal undernutrition with three significant spatial windows. Of these, 134 clusters were primary. The primary spatial window was identified in the southeast Tigray, northwest Afar, central and north Amhara regions (LLR = 57.48, P<0.01, RR = 1.51). Age at first marriage (AOR = 1.57: CI 1.33, 1.99), middle wealth index (AOR = 3.15: CI 1.4, 6.97), rural residence (AOR = 2.82: CI 1.22, 6.52), being in Afar region, Tigray region and Harari region (AOR = 4.88: CI 1.71, 13.91), (AOR = 4.17: CI 1.57, 11.06) and (AOR = 3.01: CI 1.05, 8.68) respectively were significantly associated with women undernutrition. Conclusion In Ethiopia, undernutrition had significant spatial variations across the country. Residence, age at first marriage, wealth index and region were significantly associated with undernutrition. Therefore, public health interventions that reduce reproductive age women undernutrition and enhance women awareness towards undernutrition in hotspot areas of undernutrition is crucial.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinants of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessie Abebaw Angaw ◽  
Alemakef Wagnew Melesse ◽  
Bisrat Misganaw Geremew ◽  
Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence is a serious global public health problem particularly in low-and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia where women's empowerment is limited. Despite the high prevalence of intimate partner violence in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the spatial distribution and determinants of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women. Exploring the spatial distribution of intimate partner violence is crucial to identify hotspot areas of intimate partner violence to design targeted health care interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution and determinants of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods A secondary data analysis was done based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total weighted sample of 6090 reproductive-age women were included in the study. The spatial scan statistical analysis was done to identify the significant hotspot areas of intimate partner violence. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify significant determinants of intimate partner violence. Deviance, Intra-cluster Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Median Odds Ratio, and Proportional Change in Variance (PCV) were used for model comparison as well as for checking model fitness. Variables with a p-value less than 0.2 were considered in the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel analysis, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported to declare statistical significance and strength of association between intimate partner violence and independent variables. Results The spatial analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of intimate partner violence was significantly varied across the country (Moran’s I = 0.1007, p-value < 0.0001). The SaTScan analysis identified a total of 192 significant clusters, of these 181 were primary clusters located in the Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, northwest Amhara, and west Oromia regions. In the multivariable multilevel analysis; women aged 45–49 years (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.52–5.10), women attained secondary education (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.38–0.98), women in the richest household (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.97), > 10 family size (AOR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.41–10.54), and high community women empowerment (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.49–0.8)) were significantly associated with intimate partner violence. Conclusions Intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women had significant spatial variation across the country. Women's age, education status, family size, community women empowerment, and wealth status were found significant determinants of intimate partner violence. Therefore, public health programs should design targeted interventions in identified hot spot areas to reduce the incidence of intimate partner violence. Besides, health programmers should scale up public health programs designed to enhance women's autonomy to reduce the incidence of intimate partner violence and its consequences.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and associated factors’ of Early Marriage among Reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A Secondary Data Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemenu Tessema Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Abstract Background Besides, the presence of national law, the country has to set up its own mid-term and long term goals to bring about a significant reduction in child marriages in Ethiopia. To achieve this, determining the spatial pattern of early marriage and factors associated is important for government, other concerned bodies, program implementers and policy developers to end up early childhood marriage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the spatial patterns and associated factors of Early marriage among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods This study analyzed retrospectively a cross-sectional data on a weighted sample of 11,646 women aged 15-49 years after requesting from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 via the link www.measuredhs.com . ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distribution for Early marriage. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for Early marriage in Ethiopia multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with early marriage. Finally, variables with a p-value<0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results In this analysis, about 62.8% (95%CI: 61.9, 63.74%) of the study participants were married before they reached 18 years. The overall median age at first marriage was 17.1 with IQR 5 years. The high clustering of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella Regions. In spatial Scan statistics 87 clusters (RR = 1.28, P-value < 0.001) significant primary clusters were identified. The associated factors of early marriage were lesser among women’s attending primary (AOR=0.60; 95%CI: 0.51, 0.71), secondary (AOR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.26) and tertiary education (AOR=0.11; 95%CI: 0.07, 0.18). Similarly, women found in Addis Ababa were at a lesser risk of early marriage compared to other regions of the country. Conclusion Marriage below age 18 was high in Ethiopia. High-risk area of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella and special attention should be given for identified risk areas. Therefore, providing educational opportunities to young girls was important in addition to inhibiting the marriage of girls under 18 years.

scholarly journals Trends, prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: a pooled analysis of five national cross-sectional surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e018468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Baker Chowdhury ◽  
Md Mohiuddin Adnan ◽  
Md Zakiul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveTo determine the trends, prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age from 1999 to 2014.DesignWe analysed nationally representative data from the 1999, 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2014 cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys.SettingBangladesh.ParticipantsWomen aged 15–49 years.Primary outcomeOverweight/obesity.ResultsA total of 58 192 women were included in the analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age increased significantly from 7.53% (95% CI 6.83 to 8.29) and 1.82% (95% CI 1.48 to 2.24) in 1999 to 28.37% (95% CI 27.49 to 29.28) and 10.77% (95% CI 10.22 to 11.35) in 2014, respectively. Age, education, wealth index, watching television and contraceptive use were associated with overweight and obesity in both urban and rural areas.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity prevalence increased significantly among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age between 1999 and 2014. Development of effective low-cost strategies to address the increasing burden of obesity should be a high priority.

scholarly journals Does the Frequency of Watching Television Matters on Overweight and Obesity among Reproductive Age Women in Ethiopia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed ◽  
Abdu Seid ◽  
Adnan Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Background. Studies in developed countries have revealed an association of different magnitudes between watching television and the risk of being overweight and obese among reproductive age women. Even so, there is no evidence of such an association in the context of the Ethiopian population. Hence, the study aimed to assess the association between watching television with overweight and obesity in a nationally representative sample of Ethiopian women. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted by using secondary data analysis from 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey among women aged from 15 to 49 years. The samples were selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. A total of 10,074 women were included in the analysis. The outcome variables were both overweight and obesity, whereas the main exposure variable was the frequency of watching television. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for adjusting potential confounders. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals was used to declare a statistically significant association. Results. The study found that watching television at least once a week was significantly associated with both overweight (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.20–2.73) and obesity (AOR: 3.76; 95% CI: 2.04–6.95). The study also divulged that the odds of overweight were higher among women aged 25–39 years (AOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.25–3.77) and 40–49 years (AOR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.45–5.00), urban residents (AOR: 1.76; 95% CI:1.17–2.65), attended higher education (AOR:2.11; 95% CI: 1.22–3.65), and richest in the wealth index (AOR: 2.83; 95% CI:1.71–4.68). Similarly, the odds of obesity were higher among women aged 25–39 years and 40–49 years, attended higher education, and the richest in wealth index. Conclusions. The results from this study demonstrated that watching television at least once a week is associated with obesity among reproductive age women in Ethiopia. Therefore, a social behavioral change communication campaign needs to be taken to improve awareness regarding the harmful consequences of watching television for long hours. Further research studies should be conducted among men and adolescents to determine whether this positive association exists among that target population as well.

Spatial Distribution And Determinant Factors Of Birth Interval Among Reproductive Age Group Women, Based On Edhs 2016, Ethiopia, 2019.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegeye Regasa ◽  
Biniyam chakilu Tilahun ◽  
Araya Mesfin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Birth interval is time between two successive live births. Ethiopia is one of the populated African countries with total fertility rate of 4.6 and annual population growth rate of 2.6.Short birth intervals (<24 months) contribute to infant and child mortality risks. Currently, in Ethiopia women still have shorter birth intervals and studies addressing its determinants and maps to show the varied spatial distribution are scarce. This study examined individual and community level factors associated with duration of birth interval.Method: Data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey undertaken in 2016 was used for this analysis. Data was analyzed using STATA version 14, Arc Map GIS 10.3 and SaTScan. Multilevel Binary Logistic regression models were also used to explain regional inequalities in duration of birth intervals among women of reproductive age.Result: The median birth interval of the study population was 32 months (2.67 years). The result of this study reveals that 1935(25%) of women have intervals shorter than 24 months. Duration of birth interval was associated with index child died, women from highest economic level, women who breastfeed and women aged 45-49. Duration of birth interval had spatial variation across the country. A high proportion of shorter duration of birth interval was identified in Somalia and Affar Regions. Whereas the lower proportion of short birth interval found in Amhara, Tigray and Gambela.Conclusion: In this study both the individual and community level Factors were found to have significant influence on preceding birth interval of children. The spatial effect of duration of birth was captured by the spatial analysis. Additionally dissemination of information about recommended interval and cooperative effort to improve women’s economic independency and decision making power to increase maternal social status has to be conducted.

scholarly journals The Co-Occurrence of Overweight and Micronutrient Deficiencies or Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1554-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C Rhodes ◽  
Parminder S Suchdev ◽  
K M Venkat Narayan ◽  
Solveig Cunningham ◽  
Mary Beth Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Individual Level

ABSTRACT Background In low-resource settings, urbanization may contribute to the individual-level double burden of malnutrition (DBM), whereby under- and overnutrition co-occur within the same individuals. Objective We described DBM prevalence among Malawian women by urban-rural residence, examined whether urban residence was associated with DBM, and assessed whether DBM prevalence was greater than the prevalence expected by chance given population levels of under- and overnutrition, which would suggest DBM is a distinct phenomenon associated with specific factors. Methods We analyzed nationally representative data of 723 nonpregnant women aged 15–49 y from the 2015–2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey. DBM was defined as co-occurring overweight or obesity (OWOB) and ≥1 micronutrient deficiency or anemia. We used Poisson regression models to examine the association between urban residence and DBM and its components. The Rao-Scott modified chi-square test compared the observed and expected DBM prevalence. Results Nationally, 10.8% (95% CI: 7.0, 14.5) of women had co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency and 3.4% (95% CI: 1.3, 5.5) had co-occurring OWOB and anemia. The prevalence of co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency was 2 times higher among urban women than rural women [urban 32.6 (24.1, 41.2) compared with rural 8.6 (5.2, 11.9), adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.0 (1.1, 3.5)]. Co-occurring OWOB and anemia prevalence did not significantly differ by residence [urban 6.9 (0.6, 13.2) compared with rural 3.0 (0.8, 5.3)]. There were no statistically significant differences in observed and expected prevalence estimates of DBM. Conclusions This analysis shows that co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency was higher among women in urban Malawi compared with rural areas. However, our finding that co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency or anemia may be due to chance suggests that there may not be common causes driving DBM in Malawian women. Thus, there may not be a need to design and target interventions specifically for women with DBM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document