scholarly journals Relationship between the Branching Patterns of the Radial Nerve and Supinator Muscle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anna Jeon ◽  
Ye-Gyung Kim ◽  
Seong-Oh Kwon ◽  
Je-Hun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Lateral Epicondyle ◽  
Deep Branch ◽  
Supinator Muscle ◽  
Superficial Branch ◽  
Branching Points ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis

The posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) innervates the posterior compartment muscle of the forearm and is a continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve. The anatomic descriptions of PIN vary among different authors. This study investigated the distribution patterns of PIN and its relationships to the supinator muscle. This study investigated which nerves innervate the posterior compartment muscles of the forearm, the radial nerve, and the PIN, using 28 nonembalmed limbs. Also, the points where the muscle attaches to the bone were investigated. The measured variables in this study were measured from the most prominent point of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (LEH) to the most distal point of the radius styloid process. For each specimen, the distance between the above two points was assumed to be 100%. The measurement variables were the attachment area of the supinator and branching points from the radial nerve. The attachment points of the supinator to the radius and ulna were 47.9 % ± 3.6 % and 31.5 % ± 5.2 % , respectively, from the LEH. In 67.9% of the specimens, the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) were innervated by the radial nerve before superficial nerve branching, and the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) innervated the deep branch of the radial nerve. In 21.4% of the limbs, the nerve innervating the ECRB branched at the same point as the superficial branch of the radial nerve, whereas it branched from the radial nerve in 7.1% of the limbs. In 3.6% of the limbs, the deep branch of the radial nerve branched to innervate the ECRL. PIN was identified as a large branch without divisions in 10.7% and as a deep branch innervating the extensor digitorum in 14.3% of the limbs. The anatomic findings of this study would aid in the diagnosis of PIN syndromes.

Evaluation of the supinator muscle and deep branch of the radial nerve: impact on nerve compression

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-933
Author(s):  
İ. Yağmurhan Gilan ◽  
V. Bennu Gilan ◽  
A. Hakan Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Deep Branch ◽  
Supinator Muscle

Resistant Tennis Elbow

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. HEYSE-MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Tennis Elbow ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Posterior Interosseous Nerve ◽  
Lateral Epicondyle ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Results Of Surgery

Fifty cases of resistant tennis elbow were studied, thirty seven of these had been treated by lengthening the tendon of extensor carpi radialis brevis, and thirteen by decompression of the radial tunnel. The two groups were well matched in terms of age, sex and pre-operative symptoms and signs. It was found that the results of surgery were very similar in the two groups and this observation is explained by anatomical study showing that surgical division of the fibrous arch of the superficial leaf of supinator will relieve tension on the lateral epicondyle and its adjacent structures thus allowing relief of symptoms independently of radial or posterior interosseous nerve decompression. This elaborates previously published work showing that there is no clinical or electrical evidence of radial nerve entrapment in resistant tennis elbow.

scholarly journals Extensor Carpi Radialis brevis: Review of Anatomy and Clinical Significance to Orthopedics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Smith ◽  
Jacob B Stirton ◽  
Nabil A Ebraheim
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Lateral Epicondylitis ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Communis ◽  
Lateral Epicondyle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis

The extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle is an integral extensor and abductor of the wrist. It originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, laying deep to the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor digitorum communis, and superficial to the supinator. Insertion occurs at the base of the third metacarpal. The radial nerve or a derivative supplies innervation. Its significance in orthopedics is highlighted by its involvement in multiple surgical approaches, such as the Thompson and Kaplan approaches for exposure of the radius, as well as its association with several routinely observed pathologies. Many of the associated syndromes, such as lateral epicondylitis, arise from repetitive gripping motions or overuse and are frequently seen in the orthopedic clinic. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of the relevance of the ECRB to the orthopedic setting to broaden knowledge of its anatomy and increase recognition and proper management of associated pathologies.

Anatomical Assessment of Cephalic Vein and Superficial Branch of Radial Nerve Using High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuyuki Inui ◽  
Yutaka Mifune ◽  
Hanako Nishimoto ◽  
Takashi Kurosawa ◽  
Kohei Yamaura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Cephalic Vein ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Superficial Branch ◽  
Anatomical Relationship

Abstract Introduction The superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) has a risk of nerve injury during cephalic vein (CV) cannulation. Due to the lack of imaging study regarding SBRN and CV relationship, we analyzed the anatomical relationship between the SBRN and the CV using ultrasound (US) imaging. Materials and Methods In total, 82 upper limbs of 41 healthy volunteers were analyzed. The SBRN and CV were identified at the following three points in the elbow extension and pronation position: at the radial styloid process (point 1), 5 cm proximal to point 1 (point 2), and 10 cm proximal to point 1 (point 3). Results The distance between the SBRN and CV was 1.1 ± 1.0 mm at point 1, 1.3 ± 1.3 mm at point 2, and 2.1 ± 1.6 mm at point 3. The depth of the SBRN from the surface of the skin was 2.7 ± 0.9 mm at point 1, 3.5 ± 1.1 mm at point 2, and 5.5 ± 1.9 mm at point 3. The percentage of the SBRN that ran beneath the CV was 17.5%, 53.5%, and 92.4% at points 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion Ultrasonography can reveal the anatomical relationship between the SBRN and CV.

scholarly journals The Branching and Innervation Pattern of the Radial Nerve in the Forearm: Clarifying the Literature and Understanding Variations and Their Clinical Implications

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kip Sawyer ◽  
Joshua J. Stefanik ◽  
Rebecca S. Lufler
Keyword(s):  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Innervation Pattern ◽  
Extensor Pollicis Longus ◽  
Branching Order ◽  
Superficial Branch ◽  
Muscular Branch ◽  
Proximal Forearm ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis

Background: This study attempted to clarify the innervation pattern of the muscles of the distal arm and posterior forearm through cadaveric dissection. Methods: Thirty-five cadavers were dissected to expose the radial nerve in the forearm. Each muscular branch of the nerve was identified and their length and distance along the nerve were recorded. These values were used to determine the typical branching and motor entry orders. Results: The typical branching order was brachialis, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, supinator, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus, extensor digiti minimi, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus and extensor indicis. Notably, the radial nerve often innervated brachialis (60%), and its superficial branch often innervated extensor carpi radialis brevis (25.7%). Conclusions: The radial nerve exhibits significant variability in the posterior forearm. However, there is enough consistency to identify an archetypal pattern and order of innervation. These findings may also need to be considered when planning surgical approaches to the distal arm, elbow and proximal forearm to prevent an undue loss of motor function. The review of the literature yielded multiple studies employing inconsistent metrics and terminology to define order or innervation.

The supinator muscle: anatomical bases for deep branch of the radial nerve entrapment

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Berton ◽  
Guillaume Wavreille ◽  
Frédéric Lecomte ◽  
Bruno Miletic ◽  
Hee-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Deep Branch ◽  
Supinator Muscle

scholarly journals Musculocutaneous nerve substituting for the distal part of radial nerve: A case report and its embryological basis

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 074-076 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Yogesh ◽  
RR Marathe ◽  
SV Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Cutaneous Nerve ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Deep Branch ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis

ABSTRACTIn the present case, we have reported a unilateral variation of the radial and musculocutaneous nerves on the left side in a 64-year-old male cadaver. The radial nerve supplied all the heads of the triceps brachii muscle and gave cutaneous branches such as lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm and posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm. The radial nerve ended without continuing further. The musculocutaneous nerve supplied the brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis muscles. The musculocutaneous nerve divided terminally into two branches, superfi cial and deep. The deep branch of musculocutaneous nerve corresponded to usual deep branch of the radial nerve while the superfi cial branch of musculocutaneous nerve corresponded to usual superfi cial branch of the radial nerve. The dissection was continued to expose the entire brachial plexus from its origin and it was found to be normal. The structures on the right upper limb were found to be normal. Surgeons should keep such variations in mind while performing the surgeries of the upper limb.

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