scholarly journals Application of Plane Homography for Vehicle Speed Calculations in Traffic Accident Investigations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Hong-Guo Xu ◽  
Xiao-Feng Liu ◽  
Zhi-Wei Guan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Surveillance Video ◽  
Perspective Image ◽  
Orthographic Image ◽  
Plane Homography ◽  
The Moment

The analysis of vehicle speeds at the moment of traffic accidents is becoming increasingly important. To solve difficult calculations arising from video analysis when the shooting direction of the camera is the same as the driving direction of the vehicles, an improved plane homography method is proposed. This method is based on detecting the frame rate of and extracting all of the key image frames from a surveillance video. Next, a normalizing approach for the control points is proposed to reduce the ill-conditions of matrix calculations when the perspective image is rectified to an orthographic image. The information in the rectified image is then measured and recorded by extracting the mark point information. Finally, the corresponding curve of time and speed for the examined vehicle is created, which can be used to analyze the average braking deceleration of the accident-causing vehicle. This method can directly determine the speed of a vehicle using videos of a traffic accident without any reference to the dimensions of the vehicle itself. Considering an actual traffic accident as an example, the driving trajectories and velocity curves for two vehicles are obtained using this method. The proposed method can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the commonly used speed recognition methods and it is easy to utilize.

The Analysis and Research of Traffic Accident Velocity Based on C#

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 1137-1142
Author(s):  
Li Lin ◽  
Ting Ting Lv
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Front Face ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Collision Type ◽  
Side Collision ◽  
Speed Identification ◽  
Important Basis ◽  
Collision Angle

In the process of the traffic accidents confirmation, the identification of vehicle speed when accident occurred is often an important basis for accident confirmation. The paper firstly discusses the models of mechanics and solving method for the vehicle front face, rear end, sides face ,slanted side collision based on the theory of collision mechanics ,it describes how to identify the vehicle rate and collision angle based on the model simplification, the theoretical analysis for dealing with the complicated accidents. The common and formulas are studied based on the classical collision mechanics method. The application range, parameters involved in selection and influence of the formulas are analyzed in detail. Finally the program based on C# is developed according to the identified calculation process for vehicle speed of traffic accident. The vehicle speed is obtained by selecting the collision type, entering the relevant accident pattern, inputting the parameters and clicking the command button .The application can store, modify and display results conveniently , improve efficiency on vehicle speed identification effectively and reduce the processing cycle of traffic accident availably.

scholarly journals Pedestrian Throw Distance Prediction from Vehicle Damage Intensity

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-382
Author(s):  
Nenad Saulić ◽  
Zoran Papić ◽  
Zoran Ovcin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Vehicle Impact ◽  
Throw Distance ◽  
Distance Prediction ◽  
Pedestrian Collisions

One of the main points to be addressed when analysing vehicle-pedestrian collisions is the vehicle impact speed. If the traffic accident is not recorded on camera, and there are no skid marks nor tachograph in the vehicle, the parameter is determined on the basis of empirical models. All empirical models for ascertaining vehicle speed are based on the pedestrian throw distance, which is not always known because of an unidentified vehicle-pedestrian collision point or the final rest position of the pedestrian after collision. This paper shows a description of a vehicle damage recorded in an ordinal scale and determines the pedestrian throw distance prediction model from the vehicle damage established in such a way. If the accident scene is documented by photographs, the damage can be classified, and by applying a validated model, the pedestrian throw distance envisaged. Then, by applying an empirical model, one can determine the speed of the vehicle at the time of collision with a pedestrian. Two databases were formed during the research. The first is based on real-life traffic accidents (expert witnessing of the professors from the Faculty of Technical Sciences). The second is based on traffic accident simulations as part of PC Crash software package.

scholarly journals EXPERT APPROACH WHEN RESEARCHING CAUSES OF TRAMWAYS COMING-OFF FROM RAIL TRACKS (TURNOUTS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
P N. Khorobryh ◽  
A. О. Kazarov ◽  
V. O. Labintsev
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Automatic Mode ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

During investigation of road-traffic accidents with tramways participation, investigative bodies are interested in the causes which, from the technical point of view, could lead to coming-off of a tram from rails. In the paper the case in which two drivers of separate tram cars took part, is considered. Circumstances of road traffic accident consist in the following. During transit of the first tram through automated turnout in the moment when the first bogie of the first tram has already proceeded the switch, and the second has not yet, there was shift of a point rail, that is, there was a shift of rail for the movement in other direction. As a result of it the first bogie of the first tram has continued movement in the same direction, and the second bogi has started to move in another direction. In other words there has occurred turnout incut. In order to check operation of a turnout, various modes of its operation were simulated. Also experimental transits of tram cars were carried out. The obtained data has allowed to draw up a conclusion that the cause of the first tram coming-off from rails was a technical malfunction switch and coincidence of certain circumstances. That is, on the one hand, automatic moving ofpoint switch occurred only for tram movement to the left. On the other hand, the reason of the first tram descent from a railway was that the driver of the second tram has passed entrance harp during the moment when the first tram still was in a pass stage of switch. In article the algorithm of the specialist actions in a similar situation during carrying out of investigatory experiment is resulted and the list of questions solved at carrying out of switch researches, which works in an automatic mode at the moment of traffic accident occurrence is stated.

scholarly journals Methods for Investigating Road Traffic Accidents Using Modern Automated Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
O. V. Saraiev ◽  
S. V. Danez
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Video Image ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Vehicle Movement

The paper presents investigation methods which are aimed at increasing an accuracy in determination of parameters for movement of vehicles in the reconstruction process of road traffic accidents. The problems with a target to improve a method for calculation of vehicle movement speed and location coordinates at different time moments have been solved in the paper. In order to determine more accurately nature of vehicle damage and their location on carriageway, a laser scanning method has been applied which makes it possible to reduce an error while determining dimensions and distances, and to shorten time for an inspection of the road traffic accident place. The presence of a scanned image in three-dimensional form allows more accurately to simulate nature and angle concerning approach of vehicles prior to a collision. A methodological support for determination of vehicle movement parameters has been developed on the basis of the recorded data from driving video recorders (DVRs). It has been established that an error in measuring a speed of movement for vehicles will depend on quality of a video image, length of the investigated area and range of possible speeds. A relative error will be the higher, the smaller we have vehicle speed range and length of the investigated section. A mathematical model of vehicle speed change in a differential form has been compiled and solved in the paper. The model allows to calculate a speed of motion at different time moments with respect to recording from driving video recorders. In addition, the developed methodology permits more accurately to determine coordinates of vehicle location on a photoand video image. This is especially important while determining places of pedestrian-road accident or vehicle collision location of the collision or the place of collision with regard to the edge of carriageway. Unlike subjective research methods when initial data for carrying out auto-technical investigations are established by interviewing witnesses and the accused, the proposed methods make it possible to permit reconstruction of a road traffic accident exclusively by objective methods with the help of automated technical means.

Analysis of the Damage of Cyclists in Electric Bicycle - Sedan Angle Collision

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yuan ◽  
Linpeng Hou ◽  
Hui Jing
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Euro Ncap ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Bicycle Injury ◽  
Collision Angle

In order to study the vulnerable factors of the traffic accidents—the cyclist's injury factor at the moment of the accident—the computer simulation analysis method is used to restore the information collected by a real accident combined with the scene. From the established multi-rigid kinematics model, the corresponding injury situation of a body structure of a traffic accident rider is obtained, which involves the collision speed, the collision angle, the acceleration of each part of the human body and the force. The data is compared with ECE R44, FMVSS 213 and Euro NCAP 2009 regulations to analyze and restore various factors of bicycle injury in the collision. The results show that when the car and the non-motor vehicle have a low-angle collision, the cyclist's injury is mainly caused by the collision with the ground after the parabola movement, and the damage position of the human body depends on the order of contact with the ground.

scholarly journals Using Video to Validate Vehicle Speed Uncertainty in Vertical Side Collisions

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Jianjun Yang ◽  
Dawei Dong ◽  
Pingfei Li ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Surveillance Video ◽  
Vertical Side ◽  
Uncertainty Factors ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Calculation Results

Vehicle speed access is an important part of road traffic accidents. Many factors affect the speed of the vehicle in vertical side collisions. Uncertainty in speed calculations related to vehicle collision was researched. The main parameters which have a greater impact on the speed of calculation results were discussed. And speed calculation methods based on uncertainty factors have been analyzed. By use of the vehicle vertical side collisions case, the speed of uncertainty has been carried out. Combined with accident surveillance video, the video picture computed speed and uncertainty factors obtained speed were compared. The results showed that selected road adhesion coefficient, vehicle weight and other parameters as the uncertainty factors, the use of uncertainty obtained speed with high reliability of forensic, which can be used in accident reconstruction.

Traffic Accident Reconstruction Based on Occupant Trajectories and Trace Identification

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Xiaoyun ◽  
Zhang Dongming ◽  
Yang Xiaobo ◽  
Hou Xinyi
Keyword(s):  
Surrogate Model ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Kriging Surrogate Model ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Mcmc Simulation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Turn Over

Momentum-based method and multibody method are often used in accident reconstructions. In this paper, a method that combines momentum-based method and multibody method is presented to analyze a real-world accident with occupant ejection. A multibody model is employed as an effective approach to simulate interaction between vehicle and occupants in the postanalysis of a traffic accident. This model can be used to answer questions that which occupant the driver was, when the accident happened, and the vehicle's speed before occupant ejection. Based on the information of the vehicle turn-over location and vehicle speed at the moment of the accident, some unknown parameters of the vehicle before the accident, such as initial speed, acceleration, and vehicle-ground friction coefficient, can be determined. In order to estimate these unknown parameters, a Kriging surrogate model is first constructed for the vehicle movement simulation. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation is then employed to infer the unknown parameters based on the Kriging surrogate model. The results show that a high degree of consistency has been achieved between the computer simulation model and the accident on-scene information. In addition, the injury of occupants in simulation agrees well with conclusions of autopsy report.

scholarly journals Use of prehospital, hospitalization and presence of sequelae and/or disability in road traffic injury victims in Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249895
Author(s):  
Gabriela Camargo Tobias ◽  
Polyana Maria Pimenta Mandacarú ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Otaliba Libânio Morais Neto
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Road ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Moment

Objective To estimate the prevalence and analyze the association between sociodemographic and behavioral variables with the use of prehospital care, hospitalization and sequelae and/or disability in victims of road traffic accidents victims in Brazil. Methods Data from the National Health Survey conducted in 2013 in Brazil were used. Data were collected through a direct household survey. The research sample consisted of 1,840 individuals who reported road traffic accidents in the previous 12 months. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with the use of prehospital care services, hospitalization, and the presence of sequelae and/or disability. Results The prevalence of road traffic accidents victims who received prehospital care was 13.0% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 10.3–16.3) and the factors associated with this outcome were: residing in the Northeast or North region of Brazil; residing in rural areas; and being a motorcycle occupant at the moment of the road traffic accident. The frequency of hospitalization was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.0–10.0) and the associated factors were: age between 40 and 59 years; being a motorcycle occupant or pedestrian and having received on-site care at the moment of the road traffic accident. The prevalence of sequelae and/or disability was 15.1% (95% CI: 12.5–18.2) and the associated factors were: age range between 30 and 39 years or 40 and 59 years; being a motorcycle occupant, being a pedestrian or belonging to other category of modes of transport and having received on-site care at the moment of the road traffic accident. Conclusion The study allowed to evaluate the factors associated with prehospital care, hospitalization and presence of sequelae and/or disability in the victims of road traffic accident and the results can guide the implementation of interventions that prioritize the population exposed to the highest risk of road traffic accident injuries and with less access to prehospital and hospital care services in Brazil.

scholarly journals Topography, the primary basis of the reconstruction of a traffic accident

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Fabio Nelson Rodríguez Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
3D Animation ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Primary Basis

The following document applied to the investigation and reconstruction of traffic accidents, seeks to conceptualize the serious errors that exist in many public and private institutions when considering that the reconstruction of a traffic accident is to determine the vehicle speed, with one or more physical equations or in the worst case, a 2D or 3D animation of an alleged traffic accident dynamics, as well as explain confused concepts and procedures in the field of criminal investigation, specifically in the reconstruction of traffic accidents. Starting from the premise that the reconstruction of a violent  in traffic death essentially seeks the identification and clearancing of variables in the investigation, also exposing not very clear concepts regarding the topic of interest; from the above, important errors are determined in the concepts that we have of what is a forensic reconstruction, the hypotheses that are used in the sketch of traffic accidents in Colombia and the great errors that exist in the matter of fixing physical evidence (EF).

scholarly journals Method of Light Bulbs Analysis on Vehicles Damaged in Traffic Accidents

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajko Horvat ◽  
Berislav Barišić-Jaman ◽  
Gordan Mršić ◽  
Igor Špoljarić ◽  
Andro Vrdoljak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Light Bulb ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
The Moment

One of the measures to increase road traffic safety in Croatia is the introduction of obligatory use of daily lights on vehicles in road traffic during driving, regardless of the visibility and the time of day. The paper describes the new original technical and technological procedure of analysing automotive light bulbs in order to find the traces of glass particles of the broken glass balloon in the marginal cases of action of small inertia forces generated as result of a traffic accident. Investigations of light bulbs in traffic accidents had been rarely done before; therefore the subject of this scientific research is the analysis of the light bulb filament used in automobiles to light the road ahead and to give light signals, i.e. all the light signalling devices on the automobile using the new technical and technological procedure by means of SEM/EDX method. The scientific research has improved the investigation procedure in analysing the light bulbs on automobiles in determining whether at the moment of the traffic accident the regulatory lights were switched on. In determining the responsibility of participants for causing the traffic accident, such a fact may sometimes be of crucial significance. KEY WORDS: traffic accident, light bulb, technical and technological procedure, lights in traffic, microscope, molten glass particles

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