scholarly journals Tribological Properties of Carbon Nanotube and Carbon Nanofiber Blended Polyvinylidene Fluoride Sheets Laminated on Steel Substrates

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. S. Nisha ◽  
S. Mullai Venthan ◽  
P. Senthil Kumar ◽  
Dalbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Steel Substrates ◽  
Chemical Synthesis Route ◽  
Ftir Investigation

Nanostructured carbon dispersed polymer nanocomposites are promising materials for tribological applications. Carbon nanofiber (CNF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite was prepared by chemical synthesis route. Morphology and microstructure of well-dispersed CNF and CNT in PVDF were specified by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Moreover, chemical and functional characteristics were examined by Raman spectroscopy and FTIR investigation. The friction coefficient of PVDF nanocomposite laminated on steel substrate decreased with an increase in the dispersed quantity of CNF and CNT. The friction coefficient of PVDF is approximately 0.27; however, the addition of carbon nanomaterial in PVDF will further decrease the friction coefficient between 0.24 and 0.17. This value was significantly less in CNT dispersed PVDF nanocomposite. This could be explained by easy shearing and rolling action contact interfaces.

scholarly journals Nature of Steel Effect on Intermetallic Compounds Obtained by Galvanization

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zinc Bath ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel ◽  
Steel Substrates

Zinc and some of its alloys have a number of characteristics that make it well suited for use as a protective coating against the corrosion of steel substrates under severe atmospheric conditions. The metal of zinc, which represents the main galvanization element offer then a cathodic protection to the ferrous materials. Because of these excellent characteristics, galvanization coatings are expected to be used for different protective applications fields. The objective of this work is to study the influence of the nature of steel substrate on the microstructure and the hardness of the intermetallic compounds. The steels used as the substrate are employed in agriculture field as tubes and irrigation elements in pivot. After an optimal preparation of the surface of the substrate by an appropriate roughness process, the steels specimen were immersed in a molten zinc bath maintained at 450°C. The chemical reactions which take place between the steel and the liquid zinc give rise to the formation of the  and  intermetallic compounds and the -Fe/Zn solid solution. The structure of coating was identified by X ray diffraction. The morphology and thickness of phases formed the coatings at different parameters took place with optical microscope. Finally the hardness of coatings was measured with a Vickers hardness tester.

Characterization of the Intermetallic Compounds Formed during Hot Dipping of Electrical Steel in a Hypo-Eutectic Al-Si Bath

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Infante Danzo ◽  
Kim Verbeken ◽  
Yvan Houbaert
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Steel ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Dipping Process ◽  
Steel Substrates

In order to improve the magnetic properties of electrical steels, it may be desirable to increase the Si and/or Al content of the steel. A possible and alternative route to realize this is through the application of an Al-Si-rich coating on the steel substrate using a hot dipping process, followed by a diffusion annealing treatment. Previously, a series of compositions were used for dipping, namely: pure Al, Al + 10wt% Si (hypo-eutectic composition) and Al + 25wt% Si (hypereutectic composition). After these dipping experiments, and the subsequent evaluation of the coating and its formed intermetallic phases, the use of a hypo-eutectic Al-Si-bath was recommended for further investigation, because of certain advantages: i.e. hypo-eutectic concentrations allow lower dipping temperatures and reduce the formation of ordered Fe-Si-structures that cause brittleness in the coating and substrate. The present work reports on the results obtained on materials that were hot dipped in a hypo-eutectic Al-Si bath. An Al + 1wt%Si bath was used to coat electrical steel substrates with different silicon contents with dipping times, varying between 0 to 20 seconds, after a preheating of the samples to a temperature of 700°C. A thorough characterization of the formed intermetallics was made by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Three different compounds were identified as Fe2Al5, FeAl3 and a nearly pure Al phase.

Crystalinity Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composites

2008 ◽  
Vol 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Shan ◽  
Pei-xuan Wu ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Zhong-Yang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Solution Cast ◽  
Solution Cast Method

AbstractSingle-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotube blends (0 to 0.5 vol% ) with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) have been prepared using solution cast method and characterized. By acid treatment, it has been observed that nanotube has been well functionalized and uniformly dispersed into the polymer. X-ray diffraction analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has revealed that carbon nanotube alters the crystallinity of PVDF and thereby enhances the β-phase in PVDF. Experimental results have demonstrated that enhancement of β-phase is a function of carbon nanotube concentration.

scholarly journals In Vitro Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Performance of Biocompatible Carbide Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Iulian Pana ◽  
Alina Vladescu ◽  
Lidia R. Constantin ◽  
Ioan G. Sandu ◽  
Mihaela Dinu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Substrate Roughness ◽  
Carbide Coatings ◽  
Hall Plot ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Steel Substrates

The present study aims to explain the corrosion and the tribocorrosion performance in simulated conditions of the human body by the level of stress, adhesion of coating to substrate, roughness, and hardness. The coatings were synthesized by the cathodic arc evaporation method on 316L stainless steel substrates to be used for load bearing implants. Structure, elemental, and phase compositions were studied by means of energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The grain size and strain of the coatings were determined by the Williamson–Hall plot method. Tests on hardness, adhesion, roughness, and electrochemical behavior in 0.9% NaCl solution at 37 ± 0.5 °C were carried out. Tribocorrosion performances, evaluated by measuring the friction coefficient and wear rate, were conducted in 0.9% NaCl solution using the pin on disc method at 37 ± 0.5 °C. TiC and ZrC exhibited a (111) preferred orientation, while TiNbC had a (200) orientation and the smallest crystallite size (8.1 nm). TiC was rougher than ZrC and TiNbC; the lowest roughness was found for TiNbC coatings. The highest hardness and adhesion values were found for TiNbC, followed by TiC and the ZrC. All coatings improved the corrosion resistance of 316L steels, but TiNbC showed the best corrosion behavior. TiNbC had the lowest friction coefficient (1.6) and wear rate (0.99 × 10−5 mm3·N−1∙m−1) values, indicating the best tribocorrosive performance in 0.9% NaCl at 37 ± 0.5 °C.

Multifunctional Wear and Corrosion Resistant Decorative Nanostructured Carbon-Base Coatings

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Frantisek Cerny ◽  
Jan Gurovic ◽  
Vladimir Jech ◽  
Svatava Konvickova
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
Wet Friction ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Dark Violet ◽  
Metallic Sheen ◽  
Steel Substrates

Multifunctional wear and corrosion resistant decorative nanostructured carbon-base coatings were prepared by PACVD (Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition) method on steel substrates. As the multifunctional coating the carbon-base, particularly DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) nanolayer, was chosen. For the deposition of adherent DLC coating on steel substrate a very thin Si-O-C interlayer was applied in some cases. Deposition of DLC coating and Si-O-C interlayer was performed using dc plasma without additional heating and with the HMDSO (hexamethyldisiloxane) and methane as precursors. During coating growth with increasing of thickness of DLC nanolayer the colour of nanolayer is changed. Whole spectrum of attractive colours is obtained, what is possible to use to decorative purposes. Effect of film thickness on colour is following: The reference specimen (bare stainless steel) has a bright metallic sheen. In the order of increasing thickness, the DLC films produced by PACVD have colours as follows: dark violet at ~75 nm; medium blue at ~130 nm; golden light at ~170 nm; deep rose pink at ~240 nm; golden brown at ~320 nm; and soot black at ~1200 nm. Decorative coatings must be adherent and hard for good wear resistance. Adhesion was tested by scratchtester and microhardness was determined by nanoindentation. The microhardness data were thickness-dependent, influenced by substrate. The highest measured value was 23 GPa. Tribology of the coatings was assessed by wet friction tests.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbon Nanotube Loading on Electrical Properties of Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 2080 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
Jia Wei Lee ◽  
S.B Sharifah Shahnaz ◽  
A.Z Nur Hidayah ◽  
S. Yahud ◽  
Noorasikin Samat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Graphite Sheets

Abstract Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a high purity thermoplastic fluropolymer that use in the aircraft, electronics, and chemical industry. Carbon nanotube (CNTs) is made up of rolled up of graphite sheets, exhibits excellent chemical, thermal, mechanical properties, and large surface areas. PVDF fibers blended with CNTs were able to enhance the β-phase which contributes to piezoelectric properties. Electrospinning is the simplest and low-cost method to produce PVDF/CNT fibers by dissolving PVDF in solvent N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF). 15wt% PVDF solution was used. CNT loading were varied at 0.0wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.80wt% and 1.00wt% with parameters of 20kV, tip-to-collector distance (TCD) 15cm and flow rate 1.0mLh-1. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), four-point probe and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the morphology and crystallinity of electrospun PVDF/CNT fibers. The SEM analysis concluded all fibers showed beaded structure due to low concentration of PVDF solution with insufficient ultrasonification and stirring, cause electrospraying and agglomeration. XRD and four-point probe analysis concluded PVDF/0.35wt%CNT showed the highest β-phase content with intense XRD peak and highest electrical conductivity. However, shift peak is observed among all fibres due to short electrospinning time leads to insufficient thickness of electrospun mat, which affects the mechanical properties of fibres and causes peak shift.

scholarly journals The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Phase Composition of Plasma Sprayed Al2O3 and Al2O3-TiO2 Coatings for Applications in Biomass Firing Plants

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
Airingas Šuopys ◽  
Liutauras Marcinauskas ◽  
Viktorija Grigaitienė ◽  
Romualdas Kėželis ◽  
Mindaugas Aikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Al2o3 Phase ◽  
Tio2 Coatings ◽  
Plasma Sprayed ◽  
Steel Substrates

This study presents the thermal and chemical resistance of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 and Al2O3 doped with 13 wt.% of TiO2 coatings and their suitability for the fire grate of straw pellet furnaces. Coatings were deposited on steel substrates using direct current atmospheric pressure plasma spraying. The surface structure, elemental, and phase composition of formed coatings were analyzed before and after the thermal treatment, imitating natural application conditions. For the experiment, the annealing temperature was 500 °C for twenty-five cycles (80 min each). It was found that the steel substrate oxidized after five thermal cycles, and the formation of iron oxides was observed. The elemental composition of the Al2O3 and Al2O3-13 wt.% TiO2 coatings remained unchanged even after 25 cycles of heat treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the alpha-Al2O3 to gamma-Al2O3 phase ratio in the Al2O3-TiO2 coating was reduced by only 8.7% after 25 cycles.

scholarly journals Corrosion Nature in [CoN/AlN]n Multilayers Obtained from Laser Ablation

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2049
Author(s):  
Julio Caicedo ◽  
Neufer Bonilla ◽  
Willian Aperador
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bilayer Period ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Steel Substrates ◽  
Better Than

The aim of this work is the improvement of the electrochemical behavior of industrial steel using [CoN/AlN]n multilayered system via reactive Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique with a Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) on Silicon (100) and AISI 302 steel substrates. In this work was varied systematically the bilayer period (Λ) and the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the chemical composition was determined by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The maximum corrosion resistance for the coating with (Λ) equal to 34.7 nm, corresponding to n = 30 bilayered. The polarization resistance and corrosion rate were around 7.62 × 105 kOhm × cm2 and 7.25 × 10−5 mm/year, these values were 6.3 × 105 and 78.6 times better than those showed by the uncoated 302 stainless steel substrate (1.2 kOhm × cm2 and 0.0057 mm/year), respectively. The improvement of the electrochemical behavior of the steel 302 coated with this [CoN/AlN]n can be attributed to the presence of several interfaces that act as obstacles for the inward and outward diffusions of Cl− ions, generating an increment in the corrosion resistance. The electrochemical results found in the [CoN/AlN]n open a possibility of future applications in mechanical devices that require high demands in service conditions.

Electrosorption Behavior of Carbon Nanotube and Carbon Nanofiber Film Electrodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Likun Pan ◽  
Haibo Li ◽  
Yankun Zhan ◽  
Yanping Zhang ◽  
Zhuo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Nanofiber Film

scholarly journals Photoluminescent Properties of Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Edna X. Figueroa-Rosales ◽  
Javier Martínez-Juárez ◽  
Esmeralda García-Díaz ◽  
Daniel Hernández-Cruz ◽  
Sergio A. Sabinas-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composites ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Functionalized Mwcnts

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and hydroxyapatite/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites were obtained by the co-precipitation method, followed by ultrasound-assisted and microwave radiation and thermal treatment at 250 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of a hexagonal phase in all the samples, while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy elucidated the interaction between HAp and MWCNTs. The photoluminescent technique revealed that HAp and the composite with non-functionalized MWCNTs present a blue luminescence, while the composite with functionalized MWCNTs, under UV-vis radiation shows an intense white emission. These findings allowed presentation of a proposal for the use of HAp and HAp with functionalized MWCNTs as potential materials for optoelectronic and medical applications.

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