Gluten Intolerance and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Is Nitric Oxide the Common Biomarker Linking These Conditions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Fluegge
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Cruchet et al. attempt to tease out the myths and facts surrounding the growing popularity of certain dietary approaches in the management of neurodevelopmental disorders, like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The authors identify a particular exclusionary-type approach that seeks to eliminate dietary gluten. Although the relationship between celiac disease (CD) and ADHD/ASD is not well established, a repeated clinical feature noted in CD is the elevated levels of nitric oxide in serum and urine. Elevated oxidative stress has also been observed in neurodevelopmental conditions, and the author of this correspondence has been the first to propose that chronic, environmental exposure to the air pollutant, nitrous oxide may contribute to these oxidative stress profiles through neural cholinergic perturbation. Therefore, the purpose of this correspondence is to highlight this biochemical connection between these conditions so as to identify the clinical populations who may realize the greatest benefit of these dietary approaches, while minimizing any potential risk of nutrient deficiencies.

scholarly journals Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in siblings

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Jokiranta-Olkoniemi ◽  
Keely Cheslack-Postava ◽  
Petteri Joelsson ◽  
Auli Suominen ◽  
Alan S. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractBackgroundProbands with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for several psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. The risk of these disorders among the siblings of probands has not been thoroughly assessed in a population-based cohort.MethodsEvery child born in Finland in 1991–2005 and diagnosed with ADHD in 1995–2011 were identified from national registers. Each case was matched with four controls on sex, place, and date of birth. The full siblings of the cases and controls were born in 1981–2007 and diagnosed in 1981–2013. In total, 7369 cases with 12 565 siblings and 23 181 controls with 42 753 siblings were included in the analyses conducted using generalized estimating equations.Results44.2% of the cases and 22.2% of the controls had at least one sibling diagnosed with any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder (risk ratio, RR = 2.1; 95% CI 2.0–2.2). The strongest associations were demonstrated for childhood-onset disorders including ADHD (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 5.1–6.3), conduct and oppositional disorders (RR = 4.0; 95% CI 3.5–4.5), autism spectrum disorders (RR = 3.9; 95% CI 3.3–4.6), other emotional and social interaction disorders (RR = 2.7; 95% CI 2.4–3.1), learning and coordination disorders (RR = 2.6; 95% CI 2.4–2.8), and intellectual disability (RR = 2.4; 95% CI 2.0–2.8). Also, bipolar disorder, unipolar mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, other neurotic and personality disorders, substance abuse disorders, and anxiety disorders occurred at increased frequency among the siblings of cases.ConclusionsThe results offer potential utility for early identification of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in at-risk siblings of ADHD probands and also argue for more studies on common etiologies.

scholarly journals Association of maternal diabetes with neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyun Chen ◽  
Sixian Zhao ◽  
Christina Dalman ◽  
Håkan Karlsson ◽  
Renee Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Background Maternal diabetes has been associated with a risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in offspring, though the common co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and intellectual disability (ID) is rarely considered, nor is the potential for confounding by shared familial factors (e.g. genetics). Methods This population-based cohort study used data from Psychiatry Sweden, a linkage of Swedish national registers, to follow 2 369 680 individuals born from 1987 to 2010. We used population-averaged logit models to examine the association between exposure to maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), pre-gestational type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and odds of NDDs in offspring. Subgroup analysis was then performed to investigate the timings of GDM diagnosis during pregnancy and its effect on the odds of NDDs in offspring. We compared these results to models considering paternal lifetime T1DM and T2DM as exposures. Results Overall, 45 678 individuals (1.93%) were diagnosed with ASD, 20 823 (0.88%) with ID and 102 018 (4.31%) with ADHD. All types of maternal diabetes were associated with odds of NDDs, with T2DM most strongly associated with any diagnosis of ASD (odds ratioadjusted 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.84), ID (2.09, 1.53–2.87) and ADHD (1.43, 1.16–1.77). Considering common co-morbid groups, the associations were strongest between maternal diabetes and diagnostic combinations that included ID. Paternal T1DM and T2DM diagnoses were also associated with offspring NDDs, but these associations were weaker than those with maternal diabetes. Diagnosis of GDM between 27 and 30 weeks of gestation was generally associated with the greatest risk of NDDs in offspring, with the strongest associations for outcomes that included ID. Conclusion The association of maternal diabetes with NDDs in offspring varies depending on the co-morbid presentation of the NDDs, with the greatest odds associated with outcomes that included ID. Results of paternal-comparison studies suggest that the above associations are likely to be partly confounded by shared familial factors, such as genetic liability.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders in children with Kawasaki disease: what is new today?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Heng Lin ◽  
Wei-De Lin ◽  
I-Ching Chou ◽  
Inn-Chi Lee ◽  
Syuan-Yu Hong
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Problems

Abstract Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common vasculitis of childhood in East Asia. The complications of KD ascribed to long-term cardiovascular sequelae are considerably diverse. Although studies have investigated neurodevelopmental problems following KD in the past few decades, they have reported inconsistent conclusions. This study investigated potential epilepsy and associated neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) following KD in Taiwanese children. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of children aged < 18 years with clinically diagnosed KD from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2015. These patients were followed up to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy and associated NDDs in comparison with the prevalence in general pediatric population in Taiwan and worldwide. Results A total of 612 patients with an average age of 1.6 years were included. The prevalence of associated NDDs was 16.8% (n = 103/612) in the study group, which consisted of epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorders, Tourette syndrome (TS), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, (ADHD), and others. Moreover, children with KD had a higher prevalence of epilepsy and TS in both Taiwan and worldwide (epilepsy: 2.61% in the KD group vs 0.33% in Taiwan and 0.05–0.8% in worldwide, p < 0.05; TS: 2.77% in the KD group vs 0.56% in Taiwan and 0.3–1% in worldwide, p < 0.05). The prevalence of ID, ADHD, and developmental language disorders was not significantly different between our study patients and those in Taiwan or worldwide. Conclusions Results revealed a higher prevalence rate of NDDs, especially epilepsy and TS, in Taiwanese children with KD than in the general pediatric population in Taiwan. However, these NDDs could be heterogeneous. Children diagnosed with KD were followed up because they had a higher risk of heterogeneous NDDs.

Autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and offending

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Sabet ◽  
Lisa Underwood ◽  
Eddie Chaplin ◽  
Hannah Hayward ◽  
Jane McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – A wealth of research on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has led to increased understanding and identification of each of these developmental disorders. Existing literature has sparked controversial discussions regarding whether aspects of ASD and ADHD predispose individuals to criminality. The purpose of this paper is to explore the link between these conditions and offending. Design/methodology/approach – A review of the literature on ASD, ADHD and offending was undertaken. This paper looks at the particular focus of the literature on the involvement of individuals with ADHD and ASD within the criminal justice system. Findings – There is some evidence of a link between ADHD and criminality. However, the relationship between ASD and offending is a little more difficult to ascertain. Complicating this further is the relatively unexplored subject of comorbid ASD/ADHD and criminal behaviour. This paper found that additional cognitive deficits and conduct problems are associated with comorbid ASD/ADHD, highlighting the need for further research and development of interventions. Originality/value – This paper seeks to examine whether predictions can be made with regards to what offending behaviour may look like in an individual with comorbid ASD/ADHD. This paper reviews the literature on offending in relation to both disorders to examine whether predictions can be made with regards to what the offending behaviour of an individual with ASD and ADHD may look like.

scholarly journals Potential Novel Therapies for Neurodevelopmental Diseases Targeting Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alexandrina S. Curpan ◽  
Alina-Costina Luca ◽  
Alin Ciobica
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Glutathione Level ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Neurodevelopmental disorders are a category of diseases that is not yet fully understood. Due to their common traits and pathways, often it is difficult to differentiate between them based on their symptoms only. A series of hypotheses are trying to define their etiology, such as neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and immunology, but none have managed to explain their multifactorial manifestation. One feature that may link all theories is that of oxidative stress, with a redox imbalance as well as several other markers of oxidative damage (on lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) being observed in both postmortem samples of the brain of patients with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. However, the implication of oxidative stress in pathology is still distrustfully looked upon. For this purpose, in the current paper, we were interested in reviewing the implications of oxidative stress in these disorders as well as the impact of N-acetylcysteine on the oxidative status with a focus on the glutathione level and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. We were also interested in finding papers targeting the use of antioxidant properties of different plant extracts.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children with Kawasaki Disease: What is New Today?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Heng Lin ◽  
Wei-De Lin ◽  
I-Ching Chou ◽  
Inn-Chi Lee ◽  
Syuan-Yu Hong
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Problems ◽  
Keywords Kawasaki Disease

Abstract Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common vasculitis of childhood in East Asia. The complications of KD ascribed to long-term cardiovascular sequelae are considerably diverse. Although studies have investigated neurodevelopmental problems following KD in the past few decades, they have reported inconsistent conclusions. This study investigated potential epilepsy and associated neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) following KD in Taiwanese children. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of children aged <18 years with clinically diagnosed KD from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2015. These patients were followed up to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy and associated NDDs in comparison with the prevalence in general pediatric population in Taiwan and worldwide. Results: A total of 612 patients with an average age of 1.6 years were included. The prevalence of associated NDDs was 16.8% (n = 103/612) in the study group, which consisted of epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorders , Tourette syndrome (TS), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, (ADHD), and others. Moreover, children with KD had a higher prevalence of epilepsy and TS in both Taiwan and worldwide (epilepsy: 2.61% in the KD group vs 0.33% in Taiwan and 0.05%–0.8% in worldwide, p < 0.05; TS: 2.77% in the KD group vs 0.56% in Taiwan and 0.3%–1% in worldwide, p < 0.05). The prevalence of ID, ADHD, and developmental language disorders was not significantly different between our study patients and those in Taiwan or worldwide. Conclusions: Results revealed a higher prevalence rate of NDDs, especially epilepsy and TS, in Taiwanese children with KD than in the general pediatric population in Taiwan. However, these NDDs could be heterogeneous. Children diagnosed with KD were followed up because they had a higher risk of heterogeneous NDDs. Keywords: Kawasaki disease, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Children, Epilepsy, Tourette syndrome

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Owen ◽  
Michael C. O'Donovan ◽  
Anita Thapar ◽  
Nicholas Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

SummaryThe neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia provided a valuable framework that allowed a condition that usually presents with frank disorder in adolescence or early adulthood to be understood at least in part as a consequence of events occurring early in development. However, the implications of the neurodevelopmental hypothesis for nosological conceptions of the disorder can only now be fully appreciated. Recent research indicates genetic overlap between schizophrenia and syndromes in which psychopathology is manifest in childhood and that are often grouped together as ‘neurodevelopmental disorders' such as autism-spectrum disorders, intellectual disability and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. These findings challenge the aetiological basis of current diagnostic categories and, together with evidence for frequent comorbidity, suggest that we should view the functional psychoses as members of a group of related and overlapping syndromes that result in part from a combination of genetic and environmental effects on brain development and that are associated with specific and general impairments of cognitive function. This has important implications for future research and for the configuration of psychiatric services.

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