scholarly journals Supporting Physical Activity in Patients and Populations During Life Events and Transitions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbi D. Lane-Cordova ◽  
Gerald J. Jerome ◽  
Amanda E. Paluch ◽  
Eduardo Esteban Bustamante ◽  
Michael J. LaMonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Statement

Achieving recommended levels of physical activity is important for optimal cardiovascular health and can help reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Emerging evidence suggests that physical activity fluctuates throughout the life course. Some life events and transitions are associated with reductions in physical activity and, potentially, increases in sedentary behavior. The aim of this scientific statement is to first provide an overview of the evidence suggesting changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior across life events and transitions. A second aim is to provide guidance for health care professionals or public health workers to identify changes and promote physical activity during life events and transitions. We offer a novel synthesis of existing data, including evidence suggesting that some subgroups are more likely to change physical activity behaviors in response to life events and transitions. We also review the evidence that sedentary behavior changes across life events and transitions. Tools for health care professionals to assess physical activity using simple questions or wearable devices are described. We provide strategies for health care professionals to express compassion as they ask about life transitions and initiate conversations about physical activity. Last, resources for life phase–specific, tailored physical activity support are included. Future research needs include a better characterization of physical activity and sedentary behavior across life events and transitions in higher-risk subgroups. Development and testing of interventions designed specifically to combat declines in physical activity or increases in sedentary behavior during life events and transitions is needed to establish or maintain healthy levels of these cardiovascular health–promoting behaviors.

scholarly journals Physical activity, sedentary behavior and risk of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bahls ◽  
Michael F. Leitzmann ◽  
André Karch ◽  
Alexander Teumer ◽  
Marcus Dörr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Aims Observational evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) is inversely and sedentarism positively related with cardiovascular disease risk. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine whether genetically predicted PA and sedentary behavior are related to coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. Methods and results We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with self-reported moderate to vigorous PA (n = 17), accelerometer based PA (n = 7) and accelerometer fraction of accelerations > 425 milli-gravities (n = 7) as well as sedentary behavior (n = 6) in the UK Biobank as instrumental variables in a two sample MR approach to assess whether these exposures are related to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D genome-wide association study (GWAS) or ischemic stroke in the MEGASTROKE GWAS. The study population included 42,096 cases of coronary artery disease (99,121 controls), 27,509 cases of myocardial infarction (99,121 controls), and 34,217 cases of ischemic stroke (404,630 controls). We found no associations between genetically predicted self-reported moderate to vigorous PA, accelerometer-based PA or accelerometer fraction of accelerations > 425 milli-gravities as well as sedentary behavior with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. Conclusions These results do not support a causal relationship between PA and sedentary behavior with risk of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. Hence, previous observational studies may have been biased. Graphic abstract

Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Korean Americans: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Cha-Nam Shin ◽  
Colleen Keller ◽  
Jeongha Sim ◽  
Eun-Ok Im ◽  
Michael Belyea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Korean Americans ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects

This systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature that described the cultural appropriateness and effectiveness of interventions aimed at cardiovascular risk reduction in Korean Americans. We searched multiple electronic databases for studies published between January 2000 and August 2017 and identified 14 eligible research reports. All reviewed studies targeted first-generation Korean American adults. Most of the reviewed studies incorporated components of surface structure, and leveraged deep structure in those interventions. Significant changes in cardiovascular health outcomes were reported in most of the reviewed studies; however, the role of cultural factors in the outcomes was rarely evaluated, and few reported long-term effects. Future research needs to consider long-term effects. Deploying cultural factors and evaluating their contributions to the target outcomes will enhance the research on cardiovascular health disparities.

scholarly journals Perceptions Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Caucasian College Males

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. NP136-NP144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrius A. Abshire ◽  
Terry A. Lennie ◽  
Debra K. Moser ◽  
Gia T. Mudd-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
College Males ◽  
Healthy Behaviors

Among younger adults, risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher among men than women. Young adult males in college engage in multiple behaviors that are associated with CVD risk. Although researchers have previously explored perceptions of factors related to hypertension in African American college males, surprisingly little is known about perceptions of CVD risk in Caucasian college males. A better understanding of these perceptions may be helpful in creating interventions to improve cardiovascular health in college men. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore Caucasian male college students’ perceptions of CVD risk. A qualitative descriptive study using semistructured, individual interviews was conducted using a sample of 10 undergraduate Caucasian males in college (mean age 20 years) free of CVD and not enrolled in a health-related major. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for themes using content analysis. The data reflected two primary themes regarding perceptions related to cardiovascular risk: barriers to implementing healthy lifestyle choices and impact of behaviors on CVD risk. Barriers to implementing healthy lifestyles included availability of unhealthy foods, time constraints, convenience, social influences, and ignoring long-term consequences of behaviors. Students primarily emphasized the importance of diet and physical activity in reducing CVD risk. Future research should focus on interventions to overcome college-specific barriers to engaging in healthy behaviors among men.

scholarly journals Screen time, physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gustavo Bergmann ◽  
Rafael Miranda Tassitano ◽  
Mauren Lúcia de Araújo Bergmann ◽  
Maria Cecília Marinho Tenório ◽  
Jorge Mota
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Different Types

The aim of this study was to examine the independent and combined associations of physical activity and different types of screen time in cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. e sample was comprised for 1,045 adolescents (51.7% female) aged 11-17 years old randomly selected. Screen time was considered by the self-related electronic devices such as time watching TV, using computer (PC) and playing videogame (VG). Physical activity was estimated by the number of steps per day (steps/ day) measured by pedometers. Cardiovascular risk factors were sum of triceps and subscapular skin- folds (∑SF), total cholesterol (TC) and blood pressure (BP). Predictors and outcome variables were dichotomized using standardized cut o points. Categories of steps/day and different types of screen time were cross tabulated to the combined analyses. A set of sociodemographic variables was used as confounders. To test the independent and combined associations Chi-square tests (unadjusted) and binary logistic regression (adjusted) were used. TV time was directly and independently associated to ∑SF in females and to TC in males. Steps/day was inversely and independently associated to TC and to BP (not in female). Overall, combined analyses showed that adolescents who did not meet recommendations of steps/day and exposure an excessive screen time are more likely to present cardiovascular risk factor. Public health programs to increase physical activity and reduce screen time, especially TV time, should be developed to improve and prevent cardiovascular health in adolescents.

Analysis of Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in an Urban Slum Setting in Nairobi, Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 830-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Nigatu Haregu ◽  
Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa ◽  
Nicholas Ngomi ◽  
Samuel Oti ◽  
Thaddaeus Egondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

Background:Insufficient physical activity and sedentary behavior are key risk factors for the emergence of noncommunicable diseases in the sub-Saharan African setting. Given the limited evidence base, research is required to understand the trends.Objectives:This study describes the patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in a large sample of urban slum residents in Nairobi, Kenya.Methods:We used data collected from 5190 study participants as part of cardiovascular disease risk assessment. Data were collected about work-, transport-, and recreation-related physical activity as well as sitting and sleeping time. Using time spent on each type of physical activity and respective metabolic equivalents (METs), patterns of physical activity and associated factors were evaluated using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and logistic regression.Results:Nearly 50% of the study population was involved in work-related physical activities, whereas only 6.3% was involved in recreation-related physical activities. Involvement in physical activities decreased with age, and 17.4% had <600 MET-minutes per week. Higher sitting time was associated with insufficient physical activity. There were substantial gender differences in the time spent for physical activity.Conclusions:Given the positive relationship between insufficient physical activity and sedentary behavior, complementary interventions that improve physical activity and at the same time reduce sitting time are needed.

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