Abstract P400: Dietary Pattern is Associated with Better Cognitive Function: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhu ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Katie A Meyer ◽  
Ka He ◽  
Lenore J Launer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Diet Score

Primary prevention of cognitive function decline is important for a middle-aged population, but further evidence about the influence of dietary pattern is needed. An A Priori Diet Quality Score (diet score) and cognitive function were studied in the community-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study of black and white men and women aged 18-30 in 1985-86 (year 0, Y0). We hypothesized that a higher diet score, measured at Y0 and Y20, predicts better cognitive function measured at Y25. The diet scores incorporated 46 foods groups (each in servings/day categorized into quintiles), with higher scores indicating higher quality diets. The score was the sum of quintile ranks of foods rated healthy, 0 for foods rated neutral, and reversed quintile ranks of foods rated less healthy. Cognitive tests at Y25 measured verbal memory (Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)), psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)) and executive function (Stroop Test). Higher cognitive function is reflected by higher RAVLT and DSST scores and lower Stroop Test scores. For each additional 10 units of diet score at Y20, the RAVLT was 0.23 words recalled higher, the DSST was 0.87 digits higher, and the Stroop Test score was 0.69 lower. Diet score measured at Y0 was less strongly but still significantly associated with cognitive scores. In exploratory analysis, we found that education modified the relation between diet pattern and cognitive function measures, e.g. diet and DSST at Y20 were associated in less educated subjects, but not in higher educated subjects (P for interaction =0.02). In conclusion, higher diet score was associated with better cognitive function 5 years later in apparently healthy middle-aged adults. However, diet pattern was not related to some measures of cognitive function in better educated subjects, conceivably because of compensatory behaviors in better educated people that would maintain higher cognitive function scores, despite lower quality diet.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns during adulthood and cognitive performance in midlife

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (14) ◽  
pp. e1589-e1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire T. McEvoy ◽  
Tina Hoang ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Lyn M. Steffen ◽  
David R. Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Interference ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Interference Test

ObjectiveTo investigate whether dietary patterns (Mediterranean diet [MedDiet], Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH], and A Priori Diet Quality Score [APDQS]) during adulthood are associated with midlife cognitive performance.MethodsWe studied 2,621 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) participants; 45% were black, 57% were female, and mean age was 25 ± 3.5 years at baseline (year 0). Mean diet scores were calculated from diet history at baseline, year 7, and year 20 (mean age 25, 32, and 45 years, respectively). Cognitive function was assessed at years 25 and 30 (mean age 50 and 55 years, respectively). Linear models were used to examine association between tertiles of diet score and change in composite cognitive function and cognitive z scores (verbal memory [Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test], processing speed [Digit Symbol Substitution Test], and executive function [Stroop Interference test]) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at year 30.ResultsDASH was not associated with change in cognitive performance. Higher MedDiet and APDQS scores were associated with less decline in cognitive function (MedDiet: low −0.04, middle 0.03, high 0.03, p = 0.03; APDQS: low −0.04, middle −0.00, high 0.06, p < 0.01) and Stroop Interference (MedDiet: low 0.09, middle −0.06, high −0.03; APDQS: low 0.10, middle 0.01, high −0.09, both p < 0.01). Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for poor global cognitive function (≥1 SD below mean MoCA score) comparing extreme tertiles of diet scores were 0.54 (0.39–0.74) for MedDiet, 0.48 (0.33–0.69) for APDQS, and 0.89 (0.68–1.17) for DASH.ConclusionGreater adherence to MedDiet and APDQS dietary patterns during adulthood was associated with better midlife cognitive performance. Additional studies are needed to define the combination of foods and nutrients for optimal brain health across the life course.

Effect of Hypertension Duration and Blood Pressure Control During Early Adulthood on Cognitive Function in Middle Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Haobin Zhou ◽  
Zongyuan Zhu ◽  
Changsong Liu ◽  
Yujia Bai ◽  
Qiong Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Learning Test

Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Objective: We aim to explore the association between the duration of hypertension in early adulthood, with cognitive function in midlife. Furthermore, we investigate whether this asssociation is altered among participants with controlled BP. Methods: This prospective study included 2,718 adults aged 18–30 years without hypertension at baseline who participated in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Duration of hypertension was calculated based on repeat measurements of BP performed at 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years after baseline. Cognitive function was assessed at Year-25 using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Stroop test. Results: After multivariable adjustment, a longer hypertension duration was associated with worse verbal memory (RAVLT, p trend = 0.002) but not with processing speed (DSST, p trend = 0.112) and executive function (Stroop test, p trend = 0.975). Among subgroups of participants with controlled (BP < 140/90 mmHg) and uncontrolled (SBP≥140 mmHg or DBP≥90 mmHg) BP at the time of cognitive assessment (i.e., Year-25 BP), longer duration of hypertension was associated with worse verbal memory. Similar results were observed in subgroups with controlled and uncontrolled average BP prior to cognitive assessment. Conclusion: Longer duration of hypertension during early adulthood is associated with worse verbal memory in midlife regardless of current or long-term BP control status. The potential risk of hypertension associated cognitive decline should not be overlooked in individuals with a long duration of hypertension, even if BP levels are controlled.

scholarly journals Intake of Vegetables and Fruits Through Young Adulthood Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function in Midlife in the US General Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (8) ◽  
pp. 1424-1433
Author(s):  
Xuanxia Mao ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Pengcheng Xun ◽  
Martha L Daviglus ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

ABSTRACT Background Vegetables and fruits (VF) may differentially affect cognitive functions, presumably due to their various nutrient contents, but evidence from epidemiologic studies is limited. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the long-term association between VF intakes, including VF subgroups, in young adulthood and cognitive function in midlife. Methods A biracial cohort of 3231 men and women aged 18–30 y at baseline in 1985–1986 were followed up for 25 y in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Diet was measured at baseline, and in examination years 7 and 20. Cognitive function was assessed at examination year 25 through the use of 3 tests: the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Stroop test. The mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs in cognitive scores across intake categories were estimated through the use of the multivariable-adjusted general linear regression model. Results Excluding potatoes, intake of whole vegetables was significantly associated with a better cognitive performance after adjustment for potential confounders in all 3 cognitive tests (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1—RAVLT, MD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.64; P-trend = 0.08; DSST, MD: 2.84; 95% CI: 0.93, 4.75; P-trend < 0.01; Stroop test, MD: −2.87; 95% CI: −4.24, −1.50; P-trend < 0.01]. Similarly, intake of fruits, except fruit juices, was significantly related to a better cognitive performance (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1—DSST, MD: 2.41; 95% CI: 0.70, 4.12; P-trend = 0.03). Conclusions This study supports the long-term benefits of VF consumption on cognitive performance, except those VF with relatively low fiber content such as potatoes and fruit juices, among the middle-aged US general population.

Abstract 007: Treadmill Duration Predicts Cognitive Function

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhu ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Pamela J Schreiner ◽  
R. Nick Bryan ◽  
Lenore J Launer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Symbol Substitution

Evidence is scarce for an association between treadmill performance and cognitive function in healthy young and middle-aged adults. We assessed the hypothesis that duration on treadmill predicts cognitive function 25 years later. Participants were from the population-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a multi-center study of black and white men and women aged 18-30 at recruitment in 1985-86 (year 0). The main independent variable of interest was baseline symptom-limited maximal treadmill test duration as a measure of treadmill performance potential, including its major subcomponent cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF/TPP). Cognitive functions measured were verbal memory (with the Rey auditory-verbal learning (AVLT)), psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)) and executive function (modified Stroop interference test, where lower is better). We analyzed 2444 participants who had y0 treadmill testing and y25 cognitive testing. For each additional SD of treadmill duration (2.8 minutes), the DSST was 2.4 digits correctly substituted higher, the AVLT was 0.36 words recalled higher, and the Stroop test time 1.7 seconds less, after accounting for race, sex, age, highest attained education level and center of clinic visit( Table ). Further adjustment for dietary pattern, physical activity, smoking, BMI, alcohol consumption, glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes status yielded similar trends for these cognitive function tests. In conclusion, CRF/TPP predicts cognitive function 25 years later independently of other factors among apparently healthy adults. Prospective estimation of cognitive function by treadmill duration at baseline in minimally and fully adjusted model (see text for details), N=2444. Year 25 Digit Symbol Substitution Test: Digits correctly substituted mean±SD: 70.1±15.9 Year 25 Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test: Words correctly recalled mean±SD: 8.3±3.3 Year 25 Stroop Test : Seconds to correctly name colors mean±SD: 43.9±12.8 Slope * SE P Slope * SE P Slope * SE P Year 0 treadmill duration (SD) mean±SD: 10.0±2.8 minutes Minimally adjusted 2.4 0.36 <.0001 0.36 0.08 <.0001 -1.7 0.31 <.0001 Fully adjusted 2.3 0.45 <.0001 0.39 0.08 <.0001 -1.2 0.39 0.001 * “Slope” is the difference in the indicated cognitive function per SD (2.8 minutes) of treadmill duration.

Abstract 38: Prospective Study of Midlife Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Cognitive Function: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara M Whitaker ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel ◽  
Baojiang Chen ◽  
Monica Ahrens ◽  
Barbara Sternfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

Introduction: Evidence suggests moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) has beneficial effects on various domains of cognitive function; however, less than half of adults meet MVPA guidelines. Alternate approaches, such as reducing sedentary behavior (SED) with concurrent increases in light-intensity physical activity (LPA) may resonate more strongly with the adult population. Objective: To determine if accelerometer measured SED, LPA, and MVPA at ages 38-50 years is prospectively associated with measures of cognitive function. Methods: We studied 1,842 Black and White men and women enrolled in CARDIA who participated in the year 20 (2005-06) and year 25 (2010-11) and/or year 30 (2015-16) exams. SED, LPA, and MVPA were measured by the ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer at year 20. Cognitive function tests at the year 25 and 30 exams included the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT, memory), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, processing speed), and Stroop Test (executive function). Compositional isotemporal substitution analysis examined associations of SED, LPA, and MVPA at year 20 with repeated measures (unstructured covariance) of the cognitive function raw test scores at years 25 and 30. Results: In men, substituting 30 minutes of SED with 30 minutes of LPA was associated with a decrease in the RAVLT (-0.05) and DSST (-0.76), and increase in Stroop (0.45) scores, indicating worse performance (see Table ). Substituting SED or LPA with MVPA was associated with an increase in RAVLT (0.15, 0.20) and DSST (1.21, 2.00), and decrease in Stroop (-0.68, -1.17) scores, respectively, indicating better performance. In women, who had higher cognitive function scores than men, substituting SED or LPA with MVPA was associated with worse performance on the Stroop test (0.70, 0.63), contrary to our hypothesis. Conclusions: Statistical substitution of time from lower-intensity activities (SED or LPA) with MVPA, but not SED with LPA, resulted in better cognitive performance in men, but not women, over 10 years.

scholarly journals Alternate Healthy Eating Index is Positively Associated with Cognitive Function Among Middle-Aged and Older Hispanics/Latinos in the HCHS/SOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1478-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra L Estrella ◽  
Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu ◽  
Josiemer Mattei ◽  
Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani ◽  
Krista M Perreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Global Cognition

ABSTRACT Background Diet quality may be an important area of focus for promoting cognitive health; however, the association between diet quality and cognitive function among Hispanics/Latinos remains largely unexamined. We hypothesized that a healthier diet quality will be associated with better cognitive function in middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos. Objective The objective of this study was to examine associations between the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010), a measure of diet quality, and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos. Methods Data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Visit 1 (2008–2011) were used (n = 8461; ages 45–74 y). Cognitive function was assessed with tests of verbal learning and memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed; a global cognition score was derived by summing the z scores of individual tests. Dietary intake was assessed via two 24-h recalls. Total AHEI-2010 score was categorized into quintiles (higher quintiles indicating healthier diet). Linear regression models were used to examine associations between AHEI-2010 quintiles and cognitive function adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, daily energy intake, type 2 diabetes, smoking, and depressive symptoms. Results Compared with the lowest quintile, in the second to fourth AHEI-2010 quintiles, global cognition scores were significantly higher by 0.28, 0.52, and 0.48 units (P-trend = 0.042). In the second to fifth AHEI-2010 quintiles, verbal learning scores were significantly higher by 0.60, 0.62, 0.92, and 0.88 units, and verbal memory scores were higher by 0.33, 0.40, 0.52, and 0.46 units (P-trend = 0.020 and 0.007, respectively). No associations were observed between the AHEI-2010 and verbal fluency or processing speed (P-trend = 0.49 and 0.84, respectively). Among AHEI-2010 components, adequate consumption of vegetables, alcohol, and whole fruits were each associated with better cognitive function. Conclusions An overall healthier diet quality was associated with better global cognition, verbal learning, and verbal memory in middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos.

Abstract P421: Alternate Health Eating Index & Cognitive Function Among Middle-aged and Older Hispanics/ Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra L Estrella ◽  
melissa lamar ◽  
Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu ◽  
Josiemer Mattei ◽  
Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Global Cognition

Introduction: A healthy diet may promote healthy cognitive aging; however, little is known about associations between diet quality and cognition in Hispanics/Latinos. Hypothesis: Higher diet quality (2010 Alternative Healthy Eating Index; AHEI-2010) is associated with better global cognition and performance on specific cognitive tests (verbal learning, memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed) in Hispanics/Latinos. Methods: Data from HCHS/SOL Visit 1 (2008-2011; n=8461; ages 45-74 years) were analyzed. The global cognition score was computed as the sum of z-scores for the individual tests. Dietary intake was assessed via two 24-hour recalls. Total AHEI-2010 score was categorized into quintiles (Q); higher Q represents higher diet quality. Cross-sectional associations between AHEI-2010 and each cognitive test were examined using survey-weighted linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, and total daily energy intake (Model 1); and Model 1 plus Hispanic/Latino heritage, annual household income, language preference, type 2 diabetes, smoking, and depressive symptoms (Model 2). Results: In minimally-adjusted models (Table 1), global cognition, verbal learning, verbal memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed scores were significantly higher by 1.32, 2.38, 1.40, 2.33, and 1.34 units for Q5 (vs. Q1). In fully-adjusted models, global cognitive function scores were significantly higher by 0.28, 0.52, and 0.48 units for Q2 through Q4 (vs. Q1; p -trend= 0.042). Verbal learning scores were significantly higher by 0.60, 0.62, 0.92, and 0.88 units for Q2 through Q5 (vs. Q1; p -trend= 0.020). Verbal memory scores were significantly higher by 0.33, 0.40, 0.52, and 0.46 units for Q2 through Q5 (vs. Q1; p -trend= 0.007). AHEI-2010 was not associated with verbal fluency and processing speed in Model 2. Conclusions: Among middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos, higher diet quality was associated with better global cognition, verbal learning, and memory, but not with verbal fluency, or processing speed.

Abstract 26: Long-term Blood Pressure Variability though Young Adulthood and Cognitive Function in Midlife; The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Yano ◽  
Hongyan Ning ◽  
Norrina Allen ◽  
Jared P. Reis ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Short Term

Background: Blood pressure variability (BPV) consists of short-term BPV (e.g., diurnal BPV) and long-term BPV (e.g., visit-to-visit BPV). The prospective association of long-term BPV though young adulthood with cognition in midlife is unknown. Methods: CARDIA is a multicenter community-based study that included participants (ppts) aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (Year 0: Y 0 ) in 1985-86 with follow-up examinations at Y 2 , Y 5 , Y 7 , Y 10 , Y 15 , Y 20 , and Y 25 . BP was measured at each exam, and visit-to-visit BPV was assessed by standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), maximum minus minimum BP difference (MMD), and average real variability (ARV) across 7 visits (Y 0-20 ). Cognitive function was assessed at Y 25 by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, a measure of psychomotor speed; n=2,318), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT, a measure of short-term verbal memory; n=2,321), and the modified Stroop test (executive function; n=2,307). We performed separate multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, and also adjusted for baseline BP (Y 0 ), change of BP (Y 20 -Y 0 ), or cumulative BP from Y 0 to Y 20 (mmHg х year) to determine whether BPV is associated with cognition independent of long-term BP level. Results: At the Y 25 examination, included ppts had a mean age of 50 years, 57% were women and 43% were black. BPV measured by higher SD and ARV in both systolic and diastolic BP was significantly associated with lower DSST and lower RAVLT. SD and ARV remained significant even after further adjustment for baseline BP, change of BP, or cumulative BP (Table). Measures of BPV were not associated with the Stroop test. Associations between the CV and MMD measures of BPV with cognitive function were similar to those of SD (not shown). Conclusions: Long-term BPV over 20-years through young adulthood is associated with worse psychomotor speed and verbal memory in midlife, independent of BP levels. These results may have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction in older adults.

scholarly journals Serum sodium in relation to various domains of cognitive function in the elderly US population

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyae Lee ◽  
Jin-young Min ◽  
Beom Kim ◽  
Sang-Won Ha ◽  
Jeohng Ho Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Recent evidence suggests that sodium imbalances may be associated with cognitive impairment; however, the association between specific domains of cognition remains unclear. This study examines the association between serum sodium levels and immediate and delayed verbal memory as measured by the CERAD Word Learning Test (CERAD WLT), executive function as measured by the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and sustained attention, working memory, and processing speed as measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST) in the elderly population of the US aged 60 and older who participated in the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (n = 2,541). Methods Cognitive function tests were performed by trained interviewers and sodium levels were measured using indirect ion selective electrode methodology. Results After adjusting for all covariates, quintiles of CERAD WLT scores showed significant positive associations with log-transformed sodium levels (Immediate recall (IR) β = 4.25 (SE = 1.83, p-value 0.027); Delayed recall (DR) β = 6.54 (SE = 1.82, p-value 0.001)). Compared to normal sodium levels, hyponatremia was significantly associated with lower CERAD WLT-IR (β = -0.34, SE = 0.15, p-value 0.035) and CERAD WLT-DR scores (β -0.48, SE = 0.10, p-value < 0.001) and showed borderline significance with AFT scores (β = = -0.38, SE = 0.19, p-value 0.052). Hypernatremia did not show any significant relationships with cognitive test scores, compared to normal sodium levels. Conclusions Our cross-sectional study showed that lower sodium levels were associated with cognitive change, especially regarding memory and executive function.

Abstract 035: Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Young Adulthood and Cognitive Functioning 25 Years Later: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared P Reis ◽  
Catherine M Loria ◽  
Lenore J Launer ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Learning Test

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-age is associated with later adulthood cognitive dysfunction; however, the consequences of suboptimal cardiovascular health in young adulthood are unclear. Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study is a cohort of white and black men and women who were 18-30 years when a series of health behaviors (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose) were measured during a baseline clinic examination in 1985-1986. Included in the current study were 2,577 participants who completed an examination 25 years later when a cognitive battery to assess psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]), executive function (modified Stroop Test), and verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT]) were administered. Ideal levels for each behavior and factor were defined according to the 2020 American Heart Association Goals for Cardiovascular Health. Associations were adjusted for age, sex, race, midlife educational attainment, and study center. Results: At baseline, the percentage of participants with 0-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6-7 ideal health factors were 1.2%, 7.2%, 19.6%, 34.9%, 29.2%, and 7.8%, respectively. Adjusted mean DSST and RAVLT scores were higher among those with a greater number of ideal health factors ( Table ). Each additional factor at the ideal level was associated with a 0.78-point higher DSST score (95% CI: 0.28 to 1.28) and a 0.13-point higher memory score (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.25). Results did not differ by race or sex (p-interaction > 0.05). The ideal cardiovascular health score was not associated with performance on the Stroop Test. Conclusion: In this population-based sample, ideal cardiovascular health in young adulthood was independently associated with cognitive functioning in midlife. Table. Adjusted * mean (standard error) cognitive function scores at Year 25 by number of ideal health behaviors and factors at baseline: CARDIA (n=2,577). No. of Ideal Health Factors at Baseline (% of population) 0-1 (1.2%) 2 (7.2%) 3 (19.6%) 4 (34.9%) 5 (29.2%) 6-7 (7.8%) p-trend DSST 70.0 (2.5) 65.7 (1.0) 68.7 (0.6) 69.4 (0.5) 70.0 (0.5) 69.9 (1.0) 0.003 Stroop Test 21.5 (1.6) 21.2 (0.6) 21.0 (0.3) 20.6 (0.3) 20.6 (0.3) 20.4 (0.5) 0.14 RAVLT 7.4 (0.6) 7.6 (0.2) 8.0 (0.1) 8.2 (0.1) 8.3 (0.1) 8.1 (0.2) 0.02 * Adjusted for age, sex, race, midlife educational attainment, and study center. DSST=Digit Symbol Substitution Test; RAVLT=Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test

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