scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Mediterranean Diet Score and Hazard of Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease Events and All‐Cause Mortality in the REGARDS Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Shikany ◽  
Monika M. Safford ◽  
Joanna Bryan ◽  
P. K. Newby ◽  
Joshua S. Richman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Regards Study ◽  
Diet Score

Abstract 13: Adherence to Various Dietary Patterns and Risk of Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Shikany ◽  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Joanna Bryan ◽  
PK Newby ◽  
Joshua S Richman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

Background: We have shown that the Southern dietary pattern, characterized by added fats, fried foods, organ and processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages, is associated with a greater risk of incident CHD in REGARDS, a national, population-based, longitudinal cohort. We sought to determine if the Southern pattern, other dietary patterns, and the Mediterranean diet score were associated with CHD events and mortality in REGARDS participants who previously reported CHD. Methods: REGARDS enrolled white and black adults aged ≥45 years between 2003-2007. Data were analyzed from 3,562 participants with CHD at baseline. Participants completed an FFQ at baseline, from which 5 dietary patterns were derived through factor analysis (Table). The Mediterranean diet score was calculated for each participant. Expert-adjudicated CHD events included myocardial infarction and CHD death. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the association of the dietary patterns and score with CHD events and death, adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, energy intake, anthropometrics, and medical conditions. Results: Over 7 years of follow-up, there were 581 recurrent CHD events and 1,098 deaths. In fully-adjusted analyses, the highest quartile of adherence to the alcohol/salads pattern and highest group of the Mediterranean diet score were associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD compared to the lowest quartile/group (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 – 0.98, HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62 – 0.98, respectively). The highest quartile of adherence to the Southern pattern was associated with higher mortality (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.28 – 1.91), while the highest group of the Mediterranean diet score was associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68 – 0.95). Conclusions: While the Southern dietary pattern was not related to risk of recurrent CHD, it was associated with higher mortality in REGARDS participants with existing CHD. Greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD and mortality.

Abstract P515: Comparison of Dietary Measures Association With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (regards) Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Tison ◽  
April P Carson ◽  
James M Shikany ◽  
Keith Pearson ◽  
George Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Regards Study ◽  
Diet Score

Background: Previous studies have investigated the association of dietary patterns with risk of diabetes, but have not compared a priori and a posteriori dietary scores in the same diverse population. The objective of this study was to evaluate a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns associations with incident diabetes in the REGARDS study. Methods: This study included 8,875 Black and White adults with available dietary data, without diabetes (defined as fasting glucose>=126 mg/dL, random glucose>=200 mg/dL, or use of diabetes medications) at baseline (2003-2007), and with follow-up (2013-2016) status of diabetes. Dietary patterns were examined by quintile and included a posteriori Plant-based and Southern, as well as a priori scores of Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Score, Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Dietary Inflammation Score (DIS). Modified Poisson regression was used to obtain risk ratios for incident diabetes with models adjusted for total energy intake, demographics, and lifestyle factors. Results: The mean (SD) age at baseline was 63.2 (8.5) years, 27.1% were Black, 56.2% were female, and 11.7% had incident diabetes at follow-up. Adherence to the Southern dietary pattern was positively associated with incident diabetes for all models (figure). After adjustment for demographic factors, the highest quintiles of DII and DIS were associated with incident diabetes and the highest quintiles of DASH scores were protective of development of incident diabetes. Conclusion: The Southern dietary pattern derived in REGARDS showed the strongest association with incident diabetes of all the dietary scores and of the a priori scores the DIS showed the strongest association with incident diabetes. The lack of association in adjusted models with the Mediterranean Diet and Plant-based pattern show these scores to be less pertinent. The DIS demonstrates food based dietary inflammation as one of the potential pathways for incident diabetes.

scholarly journals Healthy dietary patterns from food diaries and FFQ are not associated with colorectal cancer risk: results from the UKWCS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jones ◽  
Janet Cade ◽  
Charlotte Evans ◽  
Neil Hancock ◽  
Darren Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

AbstractDietary pattern analyses have most commonly used food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data for large population studies, whilst food diaries (FD) tend to be used with smaller datasets and followed up for shorter terms, restricting the possibility of a direct comparison. Studies comparing dietary patterns derived from two different assessment methods, in relation to diet and disease are limited. The aims of this study are to assess the agreement between dietary patterns derived from FFQ and FDs and to compare the associations between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary pattern in relation to colorectal cancer incidence.The study population included 2276 healthy middle-aged women – participants of the UK Women's Cohort Study. Energy and nutrient intakes, derived from 4-day FDs and from a 217-item FFQ were compared. A 10 and an 8-component score indicating adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to the 2007 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations respectively were generated. Agreement was assessed by weighted Kappa statistics and the Bland-Altman method. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for colorectal cancer risk for both the FD and the FFQ patterns, for each score separately.The Bland-Altman method showed that the FFQ gave a higher energy intake compared to the FD with a bias of -525 kcal (95% CI -556, -493) between the two methods. Agreement was slight for the Mediterranean diet score (Κ = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.16) and fair for the WCRF/AICR score (Κ = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.39). A total of 173 incident cases of colorectal cancer were documented. In the multi-variable adjusted models, the estimates for an association with colorectal cancer were weak: HR = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.06) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FD and HR = 1.01 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.24) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FD. For scores derived from the FFQ, estimates were inverse, but weak (HR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.00) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FFQ and HR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67 to 1.05) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FFQ.There is insufficient evidence of an association of colorectal cancer risk with the Mediterranean dietary pattern or with the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, irrespective of the dietary assessment method in this sample. Further studies with larger sample sizes, using FD for diet assessment are warranted.

scholarly journals Diet quality and attention capacity in European adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 1587-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Magdalena Cuenca-García ◽  
Idoia Labayen ◽  
Irene Esteban-Cornejo ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Diet Score

AbstractAdolescence represents an important period for the development of executive functions, which are a set of important cognitive processes including attentional control. However, very little is known regarding the associations of nutrition with components of executive functions in adolescence. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate associations of dietary patterns and macronutrient composition with attention capacity in European adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 384 (165 boys and 219 girls) adolescents, aged 12·5–17·5 years, from five European countries in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study. Attention capacity was examined using the d2 Test of Attention. Dietary intake was assessed through two non-consecutive 24 h recalls using a computer-based self-administered tool. Three dietary patterns (diet quality index, ideal diet score and Mediterranean diet score) and macronutrient/fibre intakes were calculated. Linear regression analysis was conducted adjusting for age, sex, BMI, maternal education, family affluence scale, study centre and energy intake (only for Mediterranean diet score). In these adjusted regression analyses, higher diet quality index for adolescents and ideal diet score were associated with a higher attention capacity (standardised β=0·16, P=0·002 and β=0·15, P=0·005, respectively). Conversely, Mediterranean diet score or macronutrient/fibre intake were not associated with attention capacity (P>0·05). Our results suggest that healthier dietary patterns, as indicated by higher diet quality index and ideal diet score, were associated with attention capacity in adolescence. Intervention studies investigating a causal relationship between diet quality and attention are warranted.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Patterns, and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in the REGARDS Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Shikany ◽  
Monika M. Safford ◽  
Orysya Soroka ◽  
Todd M. Brown ◽  
P. K. Newby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a common cause of death in the United States. Few previous studies have investigated the associations of diet scores and dietary patterns with risk of SCD. We investigated the associations of the Mediterranean diet score and various dietary patterns with risk of SCD in participants in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study cohort. Methods and Results Diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline in REGARDS. The Mediterranean diet score was derived based on the consumption of specific food groups considered beneficial or detrimental components of that diet. Dietary patterns were derived previously using factor analysis, and adherence to each pattern was scored. SCD events were ascertained through regular contacts. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the risk of SCD events associated with the Mediterranean diet score and adherence to each of the 5 dietary patterns overall and stratifying on history of coronary heart disease at baseline. The analytic sample included 21 069 participants with a mean 9.8±3.8 years of follow‐up. The Mediterranean diet score showed a trend toward an inverse association with risk of SCD after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio [HR] comparing highest with lowest group, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55–1.01; P trend =0.07). There was a trend toward a positive association of the Southern dietary pattern with risk of SCD (HR comparing highest with lowest quartile of adherence, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02–2.10; P trend =0.06). Conclusions In REGARDS participants, we identified trends toward an inverse association of the Mediterranean diet score and a positive association of adherence to the Southern dietary pattern with risk of SCD.

Abstract P520: Associations of Dietary Patterns and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study Differ by History of Coronary Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Shikany ◽  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Orysya Soroka ◽  
PK Newby ◽  
Todd M Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diet Score

Introduction: Previous investigations of the association of a healthy dietary pattern, the Mediterranean (Med) diet, and risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) are limited and generally have not examined possible differences in those with and without a history of coronary heart disease (CHD). Studies of the associations of a posteriori -derived dietary patterns and risk of SCD are lacking. We conducted analyses of the associations of these dietary patterns with risk of SCD in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the Med diet score and adherence to the plant-based dietary pattern would be inversely associated with risk of SCD, adherence to the convenience and Southern dietary patterns would be positively associated with risk of SCD, and that these associations would differ by history of CHD. Methods: REGARDS enrolled 30,239 white and black adults aged ≥45 years from 2003-2007. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline, from which 5 dietary patterns were derived through factor analysis: convenience, plant-based, sweets, Southern, and alcohol and salads. Med diet scores were calculated and categorized into 3 groups. SCD events were expert adjudicated. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the associations of the dietary patterns and score with SCD events, adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, energy intake, anthropometrics, medical conditions, and medications, and stratifying by history of CHD. Results: After excluding participants with missing diet and covariate data and those lost to follow-up, 21,066 participants were included in the analysis. Mean (SD) age was 64.9 (9.3) years, 56.0% were women, 33.2% were black, and 385 (1.8%) experienced SCD during a mean (SD) follow-up of 9.2 (3.4) years. In those without a history of CHD, Med diet score was significantly and inversely associated with risk of SCD (hazard ratio [HR] for group 3 vs. group 1 [referent]: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35-0.89; p trend = 0.02), but none of the a posteriori -derived dietary patterns were associated with risk of SCD. However, in those with a history of CHD, Med diet score was not associated with risk of SCD, but the convenience dietary pattern was significantly and positively associated with risk of SCD (HR for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 [referent]: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.08-2.78; p trend = 0.04), and the sweets dietary pattern was significantly and inversely associated with risk of SCD (HR for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33-0.94; p trend = 0.01). Conclusions: The associations of dietary patterns with risk of SCD in REGARDS participants differed by history of CHD.

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