Abstract WMP86: Persistent Gender and Racial Disparities Among Neurology Residents and Vascular Neurology Fellows Over the Past 10 Years

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J Zelnick ◽  
Lauren E Fournier ◽  
Liang Zhu ◽  
Sean I Savitz ◽  
Anjail Z Sharrief
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Academic Medicine ◽  
Women Physicians ◽  
Underrepresented Minorities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sample Proportion

Introduction: Women and minorities are underrepresented in academic medicine. There is little in the literature about gender and racial disparities among neurology or vascular neurology trainees. At the International Stroke Conference, women overall and women physicians have been underrepresented as invited speakers and abstract first authors, and there is recent momentum for improvement. Methods: Data were collected from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education public website. Dataset included neurology resident and vascular neurology fellow gender data from 2007 to 2017 and race data from 2011 to 2017. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and one-sample proportion test. Results: From 2007-2017, women represented 45% of all neurology trainees and only 33% of all vascular neurology fellows, both significantly lower than 50% (p<0.0001). There was no trend in the proportion of gender by year for vascular fellows (p=0.11) or neurology trainees (p=0.39). However, each year, except for 2012-2013 and 2015-2016 for vascular fellows, varied significantly by gender where men represented the largest proportion. Race varied by year for vascular fellows (p=0.03) and neurology trainees (p=0.017). Blacks and Hispanics represented the lowest proportions and Whites represented the highest proportion of both vascular and neurology trainees. When comparing Whites vs Non-Whites for both fellows (43% vs 57%; p=0.76) and residents (50% vs 50%; p=0.14), there was no trend in the proportions by year. Conclusions: Women, Black and Hispanic physicians remain underrepresented as vascular neurology trainees. The low representation of women and underrepresented minorities has not changed in the last decade. Addressing gender and racial disparities among trainees should be a high national priority for future medical and scientific contributions from these groups.

Childbirth Yesterday and Today: A Comparative Analysis of Women’s Experiences and Feelings through the Ages to the Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Grażyna Bączek ◽  
Joanna Jasińska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Delivery Rooms ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Perinatal care has undergone many changes over time. Therefore, women’s feelings and experiences will differ depending on the perinatal care provided at the time of childbirth. Time of childbirth and the perinatal care received are the main determinants in this process. However, one thing remains unchanged over time. Childbirth is considered one of the most notable events in the life of every woman.  The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of experiences and feelings shared by females giving birth in the past and the present in Poland. Material and methods: A questionnaire was designed specifically for this research project. It was a set of multiple choice (single answer) questions concerning childbirth conditions and perinatal care. Results were analyzed with a chi square test. Data was collected in 2016 in Poland. The questionnaire was distributed both in paper and electronic form. Results: The study group comprised of 671 females divided into three groups: childbirth before 2000, between 2001–2012, and after 2013. This time frame was associated with significant changes in perinatal care in Poland over the years. Changes in the delivery rooms have raised the comfort of childbirth, but progression of obstetrics resulted in greater medicalization of childbirth.

scholarly journals Behavior, knowledge and perception of risks about sexually transmitted diseases in a group of people over 50 years old

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Olivi ◽  
Rosangela Getirana Santana ◽  
Thais Aidar de Freitas Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Past ◽  
Elderly Populations ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Regression Tests

The goal was to analyze the behavior, knowledge and risk perception about sexually transmitted diseases / AIDS (STD/AIDS) in people over 50 years old. 165 public servants at a State Secretary in Mato Grosso, Brazil were interviewed. The chi-square test and logistic regression tests were used for the analysis of risk perception and the behavior and knowledge variables about STD/AIDS. Most of the respondents were female (60.6%), 63.2 had a fixed partner, 72.4% had sexual relations in the past six months, and only 13.3% always wore condoms, with 21.5% being male and 8% female. Perception of risk was associated with non-use of condoms in their last sexual relation (p<0.001) and answering that anyone may acquire a STD/AIDS (p=0.039). The challenge of public policies is to increase actions, directing them to promote the health of the adult and elderly populations, especially regarding sexuality and vulnerability to STD/AIDS.

scholarly journals Prevalence and indications for caesarean section in Enugu state, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4059
Author(s):  
Hope O. Nwoga ◽  
Miriam O. Ajuba ◽  
Chukwuma P. Igweagu
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: Caesarean section (C/S) is one of the commonly performed surgical procedures in obstetrics. This procedure has been on the increase in the past decade, creating a public health concern. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of C/S delivery in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Data was retrieved from the delivery cards of the mothers. Data was analysed using SPSS version 25 and variables were presented as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation. Chi-square test was performed with the level of significance set at p≤0.05. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors that predicted C/S delivery.Results: The prevalence of C/S was 48.3%. Commonest indication for C/S was 2 or more previous C/S. Mothers aged >30 years, employed, higher educational level, higher parity and delivered preterm predicted C/S delivery on logistic regression.Conclusions: The prevalence of C/S was high. Higher maternal age, employment, higher educational level, higher parity and preterm delivery were positively associated with C/S delivery.

Abstract P874: Trends in Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Vascular Neurology Fellowships From 2006 to 2018

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Das ◽  
Arjun Padalia ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ozan Akca ◽  
Andria L Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Ethnicity Data

Introduction: The need for recruitment of neurologists from underrepresented communities has been emphasized to maintain workforce diversity in academic neurology practice. The objective of the study is to describe the racial and ethnic diversity of neurology residents (NR) pursuing vascular neurology (VN) fellowship. Methods: Cross-sectional study of race/ethnicity of NR and VN fellows using published Graduate Medical Education (GME) census reports from 2006, when race/ethnicity data were first included, to 2018. Proportions were compared using chi-square test. Non-Accreditation Council of GME fellowship data was unavailable for analysis. Results: A total of 24450 NR were included in the sample of which 12718 (52%) were White, 993 (4.1%) Black, 1973(8%) Hispanics, 8232(33%) Asians. Of 910 NR who pursued VN fellowship, 413 (49.2%, SD 12.5%) were White, 27 Black (3%, SD 2.1%), 333 Asians (34%, SD 10.7%) and 78 Hispanics (10%, SD 5%). When comparing periods 2006-10 vs 2016-18, the proportion of White NR has increased by 2% (p=0.014), however, the increase in Black NR is 0.1% and not statistically significant. The proportion of Asian VN fellows significantly increased to 43% in 2016-20 compared to 24% over the entire period (p=0.039). Conclusion: There are racial disparities among NR and fellowship trainees. Even though there is diversity among VN fellows, continued efforts should be made to promote underrepresented ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ergonomic Risk of Manual Handling of Patients with MAPO Index and its Relationship with Incidence of Low Back Pain among Nurses

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Saremi ◽  
Fatemeh Khayati
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
Ergonomic Risk

Low back pain (LBP) is the most common and most costly musculoskeletal disorder among nursing profession. The ergonomic risk factors are common causes of lumbar injury. This study aims to assess the risk of LBP among nurses in different wards of an Iranian subspecialty hospital by means of MAPO method and to investigate if there is any relationship between calculated index and the self-reported LBP. The study was conducted in 16 sections of an Iranian subspecialty hospital including 174 wards. Exposed nursing staff (N=54) were asked to report LBP experiences in the past year. Our results indicated approximately 90% of examined wards were in the red band while only 9% were in the yellow and 1% in the green bands. Among all nurses who worked in the high risk wards, 25% reported suffering LBP during the past 12 months. However, 16% of those who were in the medium risk wards also experienced LBP in the past year. Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between LBP incidence and the level of MAPO index (p=0.004). This study suggests that the frequency of LBP among nurses is higher than the general population. The most studied wards felt in the red band, indicating the elevated risk for low back in the majority of hospital wards. It is therefore necessary to implement an ergonomic program in order to modify the observed deleterious condition as soon as possible.

RISK FACTORS OF SKIZOFRENIA IN THE PUSKESMAS SELAT PANJANG, MERANTI ISLANDS DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Sri Wardani ◽  
Afrizal
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Loss Of Contact

Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness in the form of loss of contact with reality and difficulty in distinguishing between real and non-real. The mortality rate of schizophrenic sufferers is 8 times higher than the number of population deaths in general. The prevalence of schizophrenia in Riau Province in the past 5 years has also continued to increase. quantitative with case-control design. Research Locations at Selat Panjang Health Center. The sample in this study consisted of 90 respondents from 45 cases and 45 controls. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling. The measuring instrument in this study was an interview with a questionnaire guide, recording and direct observation of the surrounding environment. Data analysis was univariate and bivariate using the Chi Square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between heredity OR 2.813 (95% CI: 1.117-6.721), personality type with OR 12, 364 (95% CI: 4.558-33.536), economic status with OR value 3.077 (95% CI = 1,286-7,336), precipitating factors with OR 4.054 b (95% CI = 1.678-9.798) with the incidence of schizophrenia. There is no relationship between residence and the incidence of schizophrenia. It is hoped that families can improve mentoring and supervision and increase self-confidence for family members who are at risk of schizophrenia, as well as Puskesmas to increase mental health promotion to the community as well as increase empowerment programs and increase skills for the community as well as synergize with other sector lists including religious and community leaders.

scholarly journals Inhalant Use among Schoolchildren in Northeast India: A Preliminary Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. SART.S12750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brogen Singh Akoijam ◽  
M. Nukshisangla Jamir ◽  
Ebenezer Phesao ◽  
Gojendra Singh Senjam
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Preliminary Study

Inhalant use by children leads to poor performance in school and has been observed to precede substance use later in life. There is paucity of data on inhalant use among school children in India, particularly in the Northeast region of the country. We determined the prevalence and documented inhalant use characteristics among schoolchildren in the Northeast region of India. This cross sectional study was conducted in six states in the Northeast region of India. Schoolchildren between eighth and eleventh standards from the capital areas of the states were included in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Of the 4074 enrolled students, data from 3943 students who responded to the inhalant use question were analyzed. Mean age was 14.8 ± 1.2 years and 51.2% of participants were male. The proportion of students who had ever used inhalants (ever user) was 18.8% and adhesive/glue was the inhalant misused by most of the students. A higher proportion of males than females were ever users ( P ≤ 0.001) and the most common place of use was at home (33.1%). Being in the presence of an older person using an inhalant or tobacco was found to be associated with use of inhalants among students. Nearly one-fifth of the students had used inhalants and nearly half used inhalants in the past month. Sensitization of the parents and school authorities to the problem, as well as preventive and curative services, should be considered.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Characteristic of Tuberculosis Patient with Compliance in Check a Sputum During Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Dea Nurma Ruditya
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Success ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACTPulmonary TB disease in Indonesia is one of the national priority for disease control programs. The success of the TB eradication program known through achieving TB control indicators. Cure rate and treatment success in the Puskesmas Tanah Kalikedinding still not reached the target. This research aims to determine the factors associated with patient compliance in examined sputum for TB treatment at the Puskesmas Tanah Kalikedinding Surabaya. This research using an  observational  analytic  cross  sectional  design.  Data  obtained  on 38  respondents  BTA positive pulmonary TB (category 1) aged 15–65 years who have completed treatment for 6 months from January 2012 to June 2013. Sampling used simple random sampling techniques. Questionnaires are used to identify the characteristics, knowledge levels, PMO support and compliance in check a sputum during treatment. Data were analyzed using chi square test and bifilar logistic regression with a significance level (α) of 5%. Age (p = 0,699), gender (p = 0,446), education level (p = 0,712), employment status (p = 1,00), income level (p = 0,48), support the PMO (p = 0,65) and the affordability range of health services (p = 0,65) do not relate to compliance in check a sputum during treatment. Home visit by health staff need to be done for noncompliance patient of sputum checking and make further research in health service factor.Keywords: compliance, sputum examination, characteristic, Pulmonary Tuberculosis

The Matilda effect: Under-representation of women in hematology and oncology awards.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11012-11012
Author(s):  
Shruti R Patel ◽  
Frederique St-Pierre ◽  
Ana I. Velazquez Manana ◽  
Snegha Ananth ◽  
Urshila Durani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Science Research ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Medical Oncologists ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Average Proportion

11012 Background: The proportion of women in the field of hematology and oncology (H&O) has increased over recent decades, but representation by women in leadership positions remains a challenge. Our aim was to examine representation of winners of recognition awards by gender and race from the major international hematology and oncology societies. Methods: Published award recipients from the seven major H&O societies were reviewed, with 26 years of data included (1994-2019). Awardee demographics and academic rank were collected and included in the analysis. Gender was determined based on awardee full name and verified by public data. Chi-square and Cochran-Armitage tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Over the past 26 years, 942 awards were presented at the 7 major H&O societies. We excluded 27 gender specific awards from the analysis. Of the 915 awardees included in analysis, award recipients were overwhelmingly men (77.9%) and non-Hispanic white (84.7%). Gender breakdown by society is described in table. ESMO and ASTRO represented the lowest distribution of women at 9.1% and 11.1%, respectively. Women awardees received 30.3% of the awards categorized as humanistic and education-related, while only receiving 16.0% of awards in the basic sciences category (p<0.01). The Cochran-Armitage test demonstrated an upward trend in the number of women awardees, from 10% between 1994-1998 to 25.6% between 2014-2019 (p=0.0004). Over the past five years, the average proportion of women medical oncologists was 35.6% per the AAMC. In this time period, women oncologists have received only 24.0% of all awards, suggesting the awardees included in the study period do not represent the proportion women in the field (p=0.00424). Black, Hispanic, and Asian awardees represented 3.7%, 3.3%, and 6.8% of the total awardees, respectively. Of the 64 Black and Hispanic awardees, 60.9% of the awards were for investigating healthcare disparities and only 4.6% were given for basic science research. Conclusions: During our study period, women physicians and investigators were less likely to receive recognition awards from the seven major H&O societies compared to men. We also observed a considerable low proportion of minority awardees in all oncology subspecialties. While the proportion of women awardees has increased over time, significant underrepresentation remains. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Development and validation of an algorithm for laser application in wound treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diequison Rite da Cunha ◽  
Geraldo Magela Salomé ◽  
Marcelo Renato Massahud Junior ◽  
Bruno Mendes ◽  
Lydia Masako Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Study ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Wound Therapy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Development And Validation

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate an algorithm for laser wound therapy. Method: Methodological study and literature review. For the development of the algorithm, a review was performed in the Health Sciences databases of the past ten years. The algorithm evaluation was performed by 24 participants, nurses, physiotherapists, and physicians. For data analysis, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the chi-square test for independence was used. The level of significance of the statistical test was established at 5% (p<0.05). Results: The professionals’ responses regarding the facility to read the algorithm indicated: 41.70%, great; 41.70%, good; 16.70%, regular. With regard the algorithm being sufficient for supporting decisions related to wound evaluation and wound cleaning, 87.5% said yes to both questions. Regarding the participants’ opinion that the algorithm contained enough information to support their decision regarding the choice of laser parameters, 91.7% said yes. The questionnaire presented reliability using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test (α = 0.962). Conclusion: The developed and validated algorithm showed reliability for evaluation, wound cleaning, and use of laser therapy in wounds.

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