Urban Space and Political Conflict in Late Medieval Flanders

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Boone
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Civic Spaces ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of

Urban public space was a forum for political contests between cities of the Low Countries—particularly Ghent—and the late medieval Burgundian state. Contrary to much of the scholarship on the Low Countries' urban history of the late Middle Ages, civic space was independentof marketact ivities, however important these activities were. In the long fierce contests over rights and privileges waged by the late medieval cities of the southern Low Countries against princely hegemony, possession of civic spaces became the ultimate sign of political legitimacy. But their ultimate possessors often destroyed them, thus ending their power to confer legitimacy on future challengers and/or erasing memory of their defilement at the hands of pretenders.

scholarly journals LATE MEDIEVAL MONUMENTS IN THE MATSUTA GLADE OF THE DIGOR GORGE

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
Г.Н . Вольная (Керцева)
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Project Construction ◽  
History Of

Материальная культура позднего средневековья Дигорского ущелья Северной Осетии недостаточно хорошо изучена по сравнению с другими периодами. В статье впервые представлен комплекс археологических памятников, расположенных на Поляне Мацута Дигорского ущелья: памятники, их расположение, история изучения. Цель исследования – рассмотреть Поляну Мацута как погребальный и культовый комплекс, где находятся позднесредневековые полуподземные склепы, каменные ящики, менгиры, цырты, «нартовский» ныхас, поселения кобанского и аланского периодов. Это памятники являются почитаемыми у местного населения, упоминаются в нартовском эпосе. В статье использовались полевые методы исследования, метод анализа и аналогий. В статье представлен авторский материал спасательных раскопок 2020 г. «Грунтового могильника Мацута I, средневековье» XVI-XVIII вв. в зоне реализации проекта «Строительство фельдшерско-акушерского пункта в с. Мацута». Могильник представляет собой погребения в каменных ящиках. Всего было раскопано 75 ящиков, в которых покойные лежали вытянуто на спине головой на запад с широтными отклонениями. Некоторые ранние погребения сопровождаются обрядом кремации. Погребальный обряд находит аналогии в горной Балкарии. Для погребального обряда характерно отсутствие керамической посуды в погребениях. Над ранними погребениями могильника была устроена тризна с кремацией и большим количеством фрагментированной керамики, скорее всего местного производства. Погребальный инвентарь достаточно беден и характерен для горнокавказской культуры позднего средневековья. Во взрослых погребениях найдены одежда, обувь, пояса, головные уборы, пояса; в женских – украшения; в мужских – ножи, оселки. В детских погребениях (в большинстве случаев) слева от головы обнаружены только куриные яйца, либо погребальный инвентарь совсем отсутствует. Отмечается высокая детская смертность. Детские погребения составляют почти 50% от всего числа раскопанных погребений. The material culture of the late middle ages of the Digor gorge in North Ossetia is not well studied in comparison with other periods. The article presents for the first time a complex of archaeological monuments located in The Matsuta Glade of the Digor gorge: monuments, their location, and history of study. The purpose of the study is to consider the Matsuta Glade as a funerary and cult complex, where there are late medieval semi-underground crypts, stone boxes, menhirs, tsyrts, "nartovsky" Nykhas, settlements of the Koban and Alan periods. These monuments are revered by the local population, mentioned in the Nart epic. The article uses field research methods, the method of analysis and analogies. The article presents the author's material of rescue excavations in 2020 of the "Ground burial ground of Matsuta I, middle ages" of the XVI-XVIII centuries in the area of the project "Construction of a paramedic and midwifery station in the village of Matsuta". The burial ground is a burial in stone boxes. In total, 75 boxes were excavated, in which the deceased lay stretched out on their backs with their heads facing West with latitude deviations. Some early burials are accompanied by a cremation ceremony. The funeral rite finds analogies in the mountainous Balkaria. The funeral rite is characterized by the absence of ceramic dishes in the burials. A funeral feast with cremation and a large amount of fragmented pottery, most likely of local production, was built over the early burials of the burial ground. The grave goods are rather poor and typical for mountain Caucasian culture of the late middle ages. In adult burials found clothes, shoes, belts, headwear, belts; women's jewelry; the men's knives, whetstones. In most children's burials, only chicken eggs are found to the left of the head, or there is no burial equipment at all. Children's funerals account for almost 50% of the total number of excavated graves.

scholarly journals THE SACRED PLACES OF THE KAZAKH HISTORY:MARTOBE AND KULTOBE

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Kozha ◽  
◽  
K.M. Zhetibaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Documentary Data ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

The article discusses the sacred places of the Kazakh history of the late Middle Ages: Martobe and Kultobe - historical places where the steppe elite once a year (usually in the fall) gathered for a general meeting and resolved issues - the conclusion of peace, the declaration of war, the redistribution of pastures, and the determination of nomadic routes. The article has collected and analyzed all known data from historical sources reporting on these places.Based on documentary data and a historiographic survey, the localization of the Martobe and Kultobe hills is presented. Archeology data and messages from representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia of the 19th and early 19th centuries. XX century together with information from Russian scholars and the results of research by modern historians, they can more reasonably localize the location of Kultobe near the late medieval city of Turkestan and Martobe near the city of Sairam, and make an assumption about the chronological framework for holding general Kazakh meetings in these places.

Beguines

Capital Women ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 199-222
Author(s):  
Jan Luiten
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Marriage Pattern ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Long Run ◽  
History Of

The beguine movement is a most remarkable phenomenon in the history of the Low Countries, but it still remains to be explained. The skewed sex ratio, diminished access to convents, and religious revival of the late Middle Ages seem insufficient to explain the movement in the long run. This chapter argues that the specific attitude toward women in the Low Countries that originated with the emergence of the European Marriage Pattern created a fertile and unique basis for the beguinages to develop: the beguinages may have offered women in the Low Countries safety and security if they chose to remain single.

scholarly journals Des clercs qui se mesleront de faire lettres et obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 392-421
Author(s):  
Falco Van der Schueren
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Rural County ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Notary Public

Summary During the late Middle Ages, the organisation of voluntary jurisdiction in the customary regions of the Southern Low Countries was strongly determined by local developments. While it thrived in the major bishoprics of Liège and Tournai as well as in the commercial centers of Flanders and Brabant, historiography long assumed that the notary public failed to integrate into society in the rural county of Hainaut. Competition with the more dominant aldermen and comital vassals or hommes de fief supposedly prevented notaries from institutionalising their role as private legal intermediaries. Yet, the long-held top-down perspective disregarded interactions between, and the mutual competition among these different ‘agents’, thus creating a unilateral view that emphasised the importance of existing or indigenous alternatives. This contribution aims to better comprehend the organisation of late-medieval voluntary jurisdiction in Hainaut, taking the co-existence of public notaries and hommes de fief into consideration. From a bottom-up approach, relying on contemporary documentary writing practices, it will demonstrate how they both employed pragmatic literacy to gain authority, claim fides publica, and consolidate their own institutional position as such. This paradigm shift offers a framework that nuances previous insights regarding the reception of and developments within the notarial office in late-medieval Hainaut.

De Gouden Eeuw van de Bourgondisch-Habsburgse Nederlanden

Queeste ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Ann Kelders
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Panel Paintings

Abstract The Royal Library of Belgium (kbr) has opened a new permanent museum showcasing the historical core of its collections: the luxurious manuscript library of the dukes of Burgundy. Centred around a late medieval chapel that is part of kbr’s present-day building, the museum introduces visitors to medieval book production, the historical context of the late medieval Low Countries, and the subject matter of the ducal library. The breadth of the dukes’ (and their wives’!) interests is reflected in the manuscripts that have come down to us, ranging from liturgical books over philosophical treatises to courtly literature. The Museum places late medieval book production squarely in its historical and artistic context. Visitors are not only introduced to the urban culture that provided a fruitful meeting place between artists, craftsmen, and patrons, but also to the broader artistic culture of the late Middle Ages. By presenting the manuscripts in dialogue with other forms of art such as panel paintings and sculpture, the exhibition stresses that artists at times moved between various media (e.g. illumination and painting) and were influenced by iconography in other forms of art.

scholarly journals La escritura de la Historia en la Baja Edad Media: deseo racional versus propaganda política. La mentalidad de los cronistas / Writing History during the Late Medieval Ages: Rational Wish versus Political Propaganda. The Chroniclers Mentality

2017 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Josué Villa Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Medieval Chronicles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This article examines the tensions between the wish to write an impartial history, in the late medieval chroniclers, and their work developed under patronage of political authorities. Three double groups of late medieval chronicles are distinguished (royal and general, Castilian and Aragon, Romanic and Latin), each of them to design different purposes with different strategies in their discourses. The list of examined authors includes Rada, Ayala, Pérez de Guzmán, Cartagena, Arévalo, Palencia, Domenech, Tomic, Viana, Turell, Valla, Margarit, and Carbonell. In order to find influences, similarities and differences, an approach to conception of their historical writing is offered too.Key WordsHistoriography, chronicle, late Middle Ages, political discourse, propaganda of power, history of ideas.ResumenEl presente artículo analiza las tensiones existentes, en los cronistas bajomedievales, entre su voluntad de escribir una historia imparcial y su trabajo desarrollado bajo el patrocinio de las autoridades políticas. Se distinguen tres grupos dobles de crónicas bajomedievales (reales y generales, castellanas y aragonesas, romances y latinas), cada uno de los cuales dotado de una intencionalidad distinta y de distintas estrategias en sus propios discursos. La lista de autores examinados incluye a Rada, Ayala, Pérez de Guzmán, Cartagena, Arévalo, Palencia, Domenech, Tomic, Viana, Turell, Valla, Margarit y Carbonell. Se ofrece, además, una aproximación a la concepción de su forma de escribir historia, detectando influencias, similitudes y diferencias.Palabras claveHistoriografía, crónicas, baja Edad Media, discursos políticos, propaganda del poder, historia de las ideas.

Heart of the State, Site of Tension: The Archival Turn Viewed from Venice, ca. 1400-1700

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 457-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo de Vivo
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The State ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

In recent years, a new historiographical trend has focused on archives not as mere repositories of sources, but as objects of inquiry in their own right. Particular attention has been paid to how their continually evolving organization and management reflect the political presuppositions of the institutions presiding over them. This article acknowledges this archival turn and provides an example drawn from the famous case study of the Venetian chancery between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries, at a time of substantial developments in the management of archives. It proposes a more inclusive and socially contextualized approach in order to demonstrate that archives were not just tools of power but also sites of economic, social, and political conflict. A close reading of the very document that led to the institutional view of the Venetian archive as the “heart of the state” reveals that the patrician rulers worried about both the fragility of their archive and the reliability of the notaries in charge of it. This perspective helps to explain the exalted representation of the archive in the late Middle Ages and the early modern era—a representation that, taken at face value, continues to inspire historical analysis today—by illuminating the practical difficulties surrounding archival methods at the time. The history of archives emerges as a promising field of inquiry precisely because it can shed light on both the history of the state and the social context in which the state’s actions had to be negotiated.

Forma Dat Esse

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-446
Author(s):  
Sylvain Roudaut
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
De Trinitate ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract This paper offers an overview of the history of the axiom forma dat esse, which was commonly quoted during the Middle Ages to describe formal causality. The first part of the paper studies the origin of this principle, and recalls how the ambiguity of Boethius’s first formulation of it in the De Trinitate was variously interpreted by the members of the School of Chartres. Then, the paper examines the various declensions of the axiom that existed in the late Middle Ages, and shows how its evolution significantly follows the progressive decline of the Aristotelian model of formal causality.

Domina Paupertas: the praise of voluntary poverty by St. Francis of Assisi and its reflection in late medieval Spanish painting

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
José María Salvador González
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Perfect Model ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Francis Of Assisi

As is well known, St. Francis of Assisi heroically embraced evangelical poverty, renouncing material goods and living in abject poverty, in imitation of Jesus Christ. Furthermore, through his writings and oral testimonies collected by his disciples, the saint fervently urged Christians to live to some degree voluntary poverty , of which Christ was the perfect model. By basing this reading on some Poverello’s quotations, this paper intends to show the potential impact that these exhortations from San Francisco to poverty may have had in the late medieval Spanish painting, in some iconographic themes so significantly Franciscan as the Nativity and the Passion of the Redeemer. Through the analysis of a large set of paintings representing both issues, we will attempt to put into light if the teachings of St. Francis on evangelical poverty are reflected somehow in Spanish painting of the late Middle Ages.

scholarly journals Returning urban political elites to the research agenda: the case of the Southern Low Countries (c. 1350 – c. 1550)

Urban History ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-588
Author(s):  
Frederik Buylaert ◽  
Jelten Baguet ◽  
Janna Everaert
Keyword(s):  
Special Section ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis article provides a comparative analysis of four large towns in the Southern Low Countries between c. 1350 and c. 1550. Combining the data on Ghent, Bruges and Antwerp – each of which is discussed in greater detail in the articles in this special section – with recent research on Bruges, the authors argue against the historiographical trend in which the political history of late medieval towns is supposedly dominated by a trend towards oligarchy. Rather than a closure of the ruling class, the four towns show a high turnover in the social composition of the political elite, and a consistent trend towards aristocracy, in which an increasingly large number of aldermen enjoyed noble status. The intensity of these trends differed from town to town, and was tied to different institutional configurations as well as different economic and political developments in each of the four towns.

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